11/28 Focus: – Rome and Carthage fought over control of the Mediterranean sea. Control of this body of water meant gaining control of trade. Once Rome.
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• 11/28 Focus:– Rome and Carthage fought over
control of the Mediterranean sea. Control of this body of water meant gaining control of trade. Once Rome won the battle they were able to make more money and grow more than ever before
• Do Now– Identify the two main social groups
in Rome.
Review• What was the difference between the
government in Athens and the government in Rome?
Ancient RomeAncient Rome
Roman MilitaryRoman Military
Punic WarsPunic Wars
The Roman MilitaryThe Roman Military
• All landowning men 17-46 had to serve in the army during wartime
• Roman army organized into legions– Legions divided into
centuries led by Centurions
– Highly disciplined and a well trained soldiers
•
Rome Takes Italy
• 509 BC – 264 BC• Romans defeat
Etruscans and Greek cities in southern Italy
• Romans granted conquered people with many of the rights of Roman citizens – Demanded soldiers
from conquered people
The Punic Wars
• Roman expansion into Sicily brought it into conflict with Carthage
• Carthage was a Phoenician trading colony in North Africa
• Rome and Carthage fought a series of wars for control of the Mediterranean
The First Punic War• Carthage-strong
navy vs. Rome-strong army
• Early part of the war fought at sea allowed Carthage to win early battles
• Rome adapts and strengthens its own navy
• Rome is able to defeat Carthage – Carthage pays for
war damages and gives up Sicily
The Second Punic War
• Rome and Carthage come into conflict over control of Spain (218-201 BC)
• Carthaginian general Hannibal invades Italy– Well trained army and
war elephants cross the Pyrenees and Alps
– Hannibal defeats Roman armies and creates chaos in Italy
The Second Punic War
• Italy invades Carthage – Led by Scipio– Hannibal forced to
return to Carthage • Scipio defeats
Hannibal outside Carthage
• Carthage forced to give up its lands in Spain and in North Africa
• Army and navy are destroyed
The Third Punic War• Roman Senator Cato
pushes for the destruction of the Carthage– Many people were still
angry for the huge losses suffered when Hannibal invaded Italy
• Rome declares war against Carthage (149 BC) and Macedonia (Greece)
And to conclude…
Carthage must be destroyed
And to conclude…
Carthage must be destroyed
The Third Punic War
• Rome defeats the Macedonians and take control of Greece and Persia
• Destroys Carthage and enslaves the entire population– It is said that the Romans sprinkled salt
into ground so that nothing would ever grow in Carthage again
• Rome dominates the Mediterranean – Influx of Greek culture into Rome
•
Closure
• Why were the Punic Wars fought? • Why did some Romans have such
hatred for Carthage after the second Punic War?
• What was one effect of the Roman victory in the Punic Wars?
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