11 th Annual Bi-National Conference “Violence Along the Border”
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May 26, 2010 Albuquerque, NM
Increased illicit use of prescription drugs
One trend more frequently identified by law enforcement agencies, and supported by epidemiological data.
Herman Silva
Law enforcement agencies are seeing an increase in prescription fraud for opioid painkillers.
Following are the most prominent drug problems and trends, as identified by each MJTF in New Mexico:
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Region IRegion IIRegion IIRegion IIIRegion IVRegion IVRegion VRegion VRegion VIRegion VIIRegion VII
Region I
Region II Region III Region IV
Region V
Region VIRegion VII
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Seem to be moving to cocaine and marijuana, with more large outdoor grows
Methamphetamine, and more mobile “shake and bake” meth labs
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Much of the Navajo Nation and reservation land has minimal law enforcement presence
NM Region II Task Force investigates drug-related crimes in the county and the portion of the Navajo Nation within the county. ◦ Primarily drug use, domestic violence, and youth
issues. The Task Force collaborates with other agencies to
develop trend analyses and correlate community concerns with drug trafficking and substance abuse issues.
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Methamphetamine largest problem in San Juan County.
A great percentage of violent crime, gang violence, and property crime is attributed to meth sales and use.
Gang violence is a big concern local DTOs are using gang members for
sales and protection.
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Methamphetamine and crack pose the largest problems.
Corresponding rise in crime. Meth and crack are easily obtained Many individuals make their own crack, which has increased the flow of cocaine
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Methamphetamine continues to be the most widely abused and distributed drug in Region VI
Seeing an increase in prescription drug fraud and diversion
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The problem is more serious in Chaves County drug abuse and drug trafficking are cited as the
primary cause for both violent and nonviolent crimes.
The Task Force overtly pressures drug houses, forcing dealers to change methods, and relocate.
The TF works to prosecute convicted felons with firearms.
Both of these tactics have resulted in a visible improvement in the quality of life in the area.
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The biggest drug concerns vary in the Region Silver City Police identified meth, followed by
marijuana, as significant threats to the community.
Socorro reports heroin is the largest problem, followed by meth and crack cocaine.
Las Cruces-State Police Office cites cocaine, marijuana, and meth as the greatest problems
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Gang-related violence has been reported in and around the community of Anthony
Many of these individuals are also involved in drug trafficking.
The Immigration and Customs Office reports that 15-20% of illegal deportable convicted felons use a previous home address in Anthony, NM.
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Drug and gang problems are also present in Deming, Anthony, Sunland Park, Las Cruces, and Silver City
Two known gangs involved in drug trafficking and traditional-gang related criminal activity.
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State Police focus on IMPACT operations, which generally address quality of life issues, including violent crimes, narcotics, property crimes, and outstanding warrants
In the previous fiscal year, NMSP conducted 202 intelligence-led IMPACT operations throughout the State.
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Established to locate and capture outstanding violent crime and narcotics-related fugitives across the State.
Bernalillo, Doña Ana, Santa Fe, and San Juan Counties alone have thousands of outstanding felony warrants.
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SWIFT members have seen a distinct overlap in violent crime, gang activity, and drug trafficking in New Mexico
A large percentage of repeat offenders are involved in these activities.
SWIFT initiated 1,388 felony arrests, conducted 33 multi-agency fugitive roundups, and conducted the first roundup in their new partnership with San Juan County in FY-2008-09.
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New Mexico’s violent crime rate was 30% higher than that of the U.S.
The murder rate in New Mexico is 25% higher than the U.S.
The aggravated assault rate is 58% higher than the rate for the nation.
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In the period from 2005-2006, ages 12-17, New Mexico reports the highest usage, with rates 17% higher than the national rate.
For the same age group, New Mexico saw a 5% increase from the first reporting period to the second.
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Usage rates in the 18-25 group increased 14% in New Mexico from 2005-2006 to 2006-2007
An increase surpassed only by Arizona, while all other compared areas experienced decreases in use.
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In 2005-2006 and 2007-2008, ages 12-17, New Mexico reports the highest rates of marijuana use.
Usage in New Mexico increased 11% from the first period to the second.
With the exception of Colorado, all other states in the nation saw reductions between these periods.
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From 2005-2006, New Mexico’s rate of use was 13% higher than the national rate
from 2006-2007, it was 24% higher than the national rate.
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0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
*
2008
*
Dea
ths
per
100,
000
per
son
s NMUS
Drug-Induced Death Rates New Mexico and U.S., 1990-2008*
Data Sources: US: CDC Wonder; NM: Vital Records and Health Statistics, NMDOHRates are age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population.
*2007-08 data are preliminaryHerman Silva
Note: Groups are not mutually exclusiveData Source: The New Mexico Office of the Medical InvestigatorRates are age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population.
n=4,063n=4,063
Unintentional Overdose Death Rates by Type of Drug: New Mexico 1990-2008
0
5
10
15
20
25
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Dea
ths
per
100
,000
per
son
s
Any Illicit Drug Any Prescription Drug Total
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Note: Groups are mutually exclusiveData Source: The New Mexico Office of the Medical InvestigatorRates are age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population.
n=4,063n=4,063
Unintentional Overdose Death Rates by Type of Drug: New Mexico 1990-2008
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Dea
ths
per
100
,000
per
son
s
Both illicit/Rx Illicit only Rx only Other Total
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Note: Specific drugs are not mutually exclusiveData Source: The New Mexico Office of the Medical InvestigatorRates are age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population.
Unintentional Drug-Specific Overdose Death Rates: New Mexico 1990-2008
0
5
10
15
20
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Dea
ths
per
100
,000
per
son
s
Total Heroin CocaineMA Methadone Other opioidTranq/MR Antidep Drug/etoh
n=4,063n=4,063Herman Silva
Data Source: The New Mexico Office of the Medical InvestigatorRates are age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population.
Unintentional Overdose Death Rates by Race/Sex Strata, New Mexico, 1990-2008
048
1216202428323640
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Dea
ths
per
100,
000
pers
ons
Hispanic male White male AI male
Hispanic female White female AI female
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Data Source: The New Mexico Office of the Medical InvestigatorRates are age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population.
Unintentional Overdose Death Rates by the Most Common Drug Type Combinations New Mexico, 1990-2008
02468
10121416
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Dea
ths
per
100
,000
per
son
s
Opioids Her Her+etohCoc Her+Coc Her+Coc+etohOpi+etoh Opi+Coc Opioids+Her
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Note: Specific drugs are not mutually exclusiveData Source: The New Mexico Office of the Medical InvestigatorRates are age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population.
Unintentional Rx Opioid Poisoning Unintentional Rx Opioid Poisoning Death Rates by Schedule Death Rates by Schedule New Mexico, 1990-2008New Mexico, 1990-2008
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Dea
ths
per
100,
000
pers
ons
Methadone Schedule II other than methadoneSchedule III/IV Total opioids
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Data Source: The New Mexico Office of the Medical InvestigatorRates are age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population.
Unintentional Prescription Opioid Overdose Death Rates by Race/Sex StrataNew Mexico, 1990-2008
0
5
10
15
20
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Dea
ths
per
100,
000
pers
ons
Hispanic male White male AI male
Hispanic female White female AI female
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Data Source: The New Mexico Office of the Medical InvestigatorRates are age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population.
Unintentional Heroin Overdose Death Rates by Race/Sex Strata New Mexico, 1990-2008
0
5
10
15
20
25
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Dea
ths
per
100,
000
pers
ons
Hispanic male White male AI maleHispanic female White female AI female
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Note: Specific drugs are not mutually exclusiveData Source: The New Mexico Office of the Medical InvestigatorRates are age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population.
Unintentional Overdose Death Rates by Types of Illicit Drugs Causing Death: New Mexico and Regions, 2006-2008
Dea
ths
per
100
,000
per
son
s
02468
101214161820
Any illi
cit
Heroin
Cocain
e
Meth
amphe
tam
ine
NM
NW
NE
Bern
SE
SW
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Note: Specific drugs are not mutually exclusiveData Source: The New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator Rates are age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population.
Unintentional Overdose Death Rates by Types of Prescription Drugs Causing Death: New Mexico and Regions, 2006-2008
Dea
ths
per
100
,000
per
son
s
02468
101214161820
NM
NW
NE
Bern
SE
SW
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Alcohol50.6%
Cocaine/crack7.4%
Marijuana6.7%
Heroin6.4%
MA4.7%
Amphetamine2.2%
None reported17.5%
Other drug2.1%
Other opiates2.4%
Source: Behavioral Health Services Division, NM Human Services Department, as of May 2009
n=10,878n=10,878
Primary Substance of Abuse at Primary Substance of Abuse at Treatment Admission: Treatment Admission: New Mexico, 2008New Mexico, 2008
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* ME data were multiplied by 10 in order to compare with treatment admissions Data Sources: Behavioral Health Services Division, NM Human Services Department, as of May 2009;
The New Mexico Office of the Medical Examiner
Heroin: Number of Treatment Admissions and Overdose Deaths*, New Mexico 2000-2008
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
2001
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2007
2008
Nu
mb
er
Admissions
Deaths (*10)
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1% 11%5%
83%
oral
smoking
sniffing
injection
other
54%30%
9% 3% 4%
5%
58%13%
1%23%
Heroin, n=647Heroin, n=647
Cocaine/crack, n=635Cocaine/crack, n=635
Methamphetamine, Methamphetamine, n=476n=476
Route of Administration for Primary Drugs: Route of Administration for Primary Drugs: New Mexico, 2008New Mexico, 2008
Source: Behavioral Health Services Division, NM Human Services Department, as of May 2009
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PRIMARY DRUG BY ESTATE, NORTHERN BORDER, 2008 *, Mexico
Crystal38.9%
Heroin32.2%
Crack41.2%
Cocaine17.4%
Crystal32.4%
Cocaine28.9%
Alcohol25.6%
Heroin36.3%
Heroin21.2%
Source: SISVEA. Non Governmental Treatment Centers, DGE/SSA.2008
* First semester
N = 13,210
Alcohol22.8%
Alcohol17.8%
Crack30.9%
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OMI Data: Meth overdose death rates per 100,000 (age
adjusted)◦ 1.7 deaths per 100,000 in 2007 ◦ 1.1 death per 100,000 in 2008
Meth death rate per 100,000 (age-adjusted) by Public Health Region, 2006-2008:
◦ NM 1.5◦ NW 1.4◦ NE 0.5◦ Bern 1.7◦ SE 2.9◦ SW 1.1
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Amphetamine-related inpatient hospitalizations (HIDD)
Number of Hospitalizations Per Year.
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008230 322 171 163 133
These data are solely primary diagnosis but meth related hospitalizations are likely frequent among secondary diagnosis due to the context of use. For instance, a primary diagnosis might be an injury but meth was involved so it was listed as a secondary diagnosis.
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Youth Risk and Resiliency Survey, grades 9-12
2003 2005 2007
Meth use, past 30 Days 7.3% 4.6% 4.4%
(ranked 3rd in the U.S. 2007)
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Methamphetamine Labs Seized/Clean-Ups in New Mexico
84
*15
6444
76
129104
121
202
0
50
100
150
200
250
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Meth Labs
*2008 preliminary data through March 2008
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Establish and maintain a continuum of evidenced based behavioral health services.
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Meth Coordinator’s Position Addressing the unique challenges of rural
jurisdictions in fighting methamphetamine production, distribution, and abuse.
Development, in partnership with Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation (PIRE), of a statewide methamphetamine assessment to identify system strengths and barriers to be addressed;
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Sponsorship of a full state methamphetamine team to attend the National Rural Methamphetamine Summit, taking place June 2010
Creation and implementation of a state methamphetamine action plan
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To provide policy guidance concerning illicit drug issues and to provide oversight of the Federal Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) annual funding
Administered and distributed by the Department of Public Safety
To combat drug trafficking, gangs, and violent criminal activity.
The DEAC is charged with the additional task of preparing a Statewide Drug Strategy.
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‣NM ranks 36th in the nation with population of 1.8 million
‣NM ranks 12th in the nation for fastest growing population;
‣NM ranks 50th in number of children living in poverty (27.5%);
‣New Mexico is considered untouched territory and ripe for gangs and their drug activity.
‣Close proximity to the Mexican border
‣Three ports of entry (Antelope Wells, Santa Teresa, Columbus);
‣North American Free Trade Agreement
‣Geography
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In their 2005 National Gang Threat Assessment, the National In their 2005 National Gang Threat Assessment, the National Alliance of Gang Investigators Association (NAGIA),, recommended Alliance of Gang Investigators Association (NAGIA),, recommended the implementation of the following:the implementation of the following:
•Federal Role in the Gang ProblemFederal Role in the Gang Problem•Gang DenialGang Denial•Law Enforcement Intelligence sharingLaw Enforcement Intelligence sharing•Gang DefinitionsGang Definitions•Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) of Gang ActivityUniform Crime Reporting (UCR) of Gang Activity•Correctional IntelligenceCorrectional Intelligence•Gang-Related TrainingGang-Related Training•LegislationLegislation•Gang OfficersGang Officers•Community ResponseCommunity Response
These recommendations will greatly enhance the ability of law enforcement and These recommendations will greatly enhance the ability of law enforcement and communities to effectively address the gang problemcommunities to effectively address the gang problem
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•The National Youth Gang Survey estimates that approximately 788,000 gang members and 27,000 gangs were active in the U.S. in 2007. (Highlights of the 2007 National Youth Gang Survey, U.S. Department of Justice, April 2009)
•According to the 2009 National Gang Threat Assessment, approximately 1 million gang members belonging to more than 20,000 gangs were criminally active in all 50 states and the District of Columbia as of September 2008.
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0
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•Additionally, almost 78% of law enforcement report the gang problem as getting worse when compared to 10 years ago and 69% identify the problem as worse that 5 years ago. Furthermore, 59% believe the problem to have been worse than it was just one year prior.
•74% of service providers report the gang problem as getting worse when compared to 10 years ago and 79% identify the problem as worse that 5 years ago. Furthermore, 68% believe the problem to have been worse than it was just one year prior.
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PREVENTION
Family SupportState, Local, Fed.ProgramsLocal GovernmentChurchesNeighborhood WatchSchoolsMedia
INTERVENTION
IntelligenceProbationLegislationCommunity ResidentsHuman ServicesCommunity Based AgenciesHousingBusiness
SUPPRESSION
Law EnforcementCorrectionsParoleProsecutionCourts
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Mobilize state and community resources to reduce gang violence:
• Law enforcement
• “Weed” out gang violence
• Legislation
• Alternatives to Violence
• Taos Restorative Justice, Boys and Girls Clubs of NM, Youth Development Inc., Children’s Cabinet After School Initiative
• Mobilize Communities
• Community mobilization must include legal sanctions, intervention, alternatives to violence, and inter-agency coordination (law enforcement, schools, service agencies, neighborhood groups, etc.)
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Total STI Citations 77
Sandoval 1
Sierra 1
Otero 1
Hidalgo 1
Colfax 1
Roosevelt 2San Juan 11
Bernalillo 22
Curry 2
Lincoln 2
Dona Ana 9
Chaves 6Lea 7
Eddy 3Luna 3
McKinley 3
Cibola 2
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Santa Fe 2
Chaves 1
Dona Ana 5Rio Arriba 7Eddy 7
Valencia 9
San Juan 9
Sandoval 9
Lincoln 9
Sierra 3
McKinley 5
Bernalillo 52Los Alamos 11
Total STM Citations 129
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Grant 4
McKinley 47
Bernalillo 106
Cibola 20
Dona Ana 27
San Juan 36
Santa Fe 13Taos 16
Lincoln 9Sandoval 10
Eddy 8Chaves 7Luna 10Lea 4Rio Arriba 3Torrance 3
Valencia 3Mora 2
Otero 2Curry 2
Alcohol: 2007 Administrative CitationsSales to Intox
July 1, 2006 thru June 30, 2007
Total STI Citations 332
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Alcohol: 2007 Administrative CitationsSales to Minors
July 1, 2006 thru June 30, 2007
Torrance 1Taos 1
Dona Ana 35
Bernalillo 57
Chaves 11San Juan 17
Santa Fe 18
Grant 9San Miguel 9
Lea 8Socorro 7
McKinley 5
Lincoln 4Los Alamos 4
Otero 4
Hidalgo 2
Mora 2
Rio Arriba 2Valencia 2Curry 1
Eddy 1
Total STM Citations 200
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Grant 1
McKinley 26
Bernalillo 100
Cibola 2Dona Ana 14
San Juan 24
Santa Fe 6 Taos 2
Lincoln 3Sandoval 5
Eddy 8Lincoln 10
Luna 0
Rio Arriba 1Torrance 1
Valencia 4
Mora 1
Otero 0
Curry 4
Alcohol: Administrative CitationsSales to Intox
July 1, 2007 thru June 30, 2008
Total STI Citations 229
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Alcohol: 2008 Administrative CitationsSales to Minors
July 1, 2007 thru June 30, 2008
Torrance 0
Taos 1
Dona Ana 18
Bernalillo 111
Chaves 10
San Juan 4Santa Fe 5
Grant 4
San Miguel 0
Lea 7
Socorro 1
McKinley 3
Lincoln 3Los Alamos 0
Otero 0
Hidalgo 2Mora 4
Rio Arriba 3
Valencia 10
Curry 16
Eddy 1
Total STM Citations 236
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Trainings Attendees
Law Enforcement 15 197
DWI Local/County 50 916
Licensees 34 484
Best Practices 4 106
Others 17 378
Totals 120 2081
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Herman Silva, DirectorNarcotics and Gang InitiativesNew Mexico Department of Public SafetyTel: (505) 699-0365herman.silva@state.nm.us
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