11. Europe Between the Wars, The Great Depression · Increasing Tensions • Invasion of Ethiopia (1935) • Remilitarization of the Rhineland (1936) • Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)
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11. Europe Between the Wars, The Great Depression
11.1 International Politics, 1919-1939 11.2 Stalin’s Five Year Plans and Purges 11.3 Italy and Germany Between the Wars 11.4 Interwar Cultural Developments
11.1 International Politics, 1919-1939
League of Nations • “Collective Security” Dawes Plan (1924) Locarno Pact (1925) Kellogg-Brian Pact (1929)
Increasing Tensions • Invasion of Ethiopia
(1935) • Remilitarization of the
Rhineland (1936)
Increasing Tensions • Invasion of Ethiopia
(1935) • Remilitarization of the
Rhineland (1936) • Spanish Civil War
(1936-1939) • Japanese Invasion of
China (1937) • Munich Pact (1938)
Setting the Stage • Polish Guarantee • Nazi-Soviet Pact
(1939)
11.2 Stalin’s Five Year Plans and Purges
Rise of Stalin
• Leon Trotsky vs. Joseph Stalin
• Russian Civil War and War with Poland
• “Socialism in One Country”
• NKVD – “People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs”
• Gulag • Purges – Political Opponents – Military
• 3 of 5 Marshals • 13 of 15 Army
commanders (3-4 star generals)
• 8 of 9 Admirals • 50 of 57 Army Corps
commanders • 154 of 186 Division
commanders • 16 of 16 Army
commissars • 25 of 28 Army corps
commissars
11.3 Italy and Germany Between the Wars
Fascism
• “Core mobilizing myth…is the vision of the nation’s imminent rebirth from decadence” – Roger Griffin
• “Third Way”
Mussolini • New Roman Empire • Black Shirts • “March on
Rome” (1922) • Invasion of Ethiopia
Hitler • Volksgemeinschaft • Brown Shirts • Beer Hall Putsch
(1923) • Mein Kampf (1925)
Hitler’s Rise to Power • Unemployment • Presidential Elections
(1932) • Chancellor (1933)
Consolidating Power • Enabling Act (1933) • Night of the Long
Knives (1934) • Nuremberg Laws
(1935)
11.4 Interwar Cultural Developments
Disillusionment • Wilfred Owen • Erich Maria
Remarque – All Quiet on the
Western Front (1929)
Roaring 20s • Flappers • Jazz • Radio • Movies – Berlin – Los Angeles
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