10 5 Scarification & Stratification

Horticulture

Propagation

Hydrangea Bigleaf• Plant type: Shrub • USDA Hardiness Zones: 5b to 9a • Height: 48" to 72“, Spread: 72" to 96" • Exposure: shade to partial sun • Bloom Color: Blue, Lavender, Pink, Purple,

Red, White • Bloom Time:, Mid spring - Late summer, • Uses: Specimen • Flower color depends on the pH of the soil it is

grown in.

Scarification

• Cutting the seed coat using acid, sand paper, or a knife to encourage germination

• Redbud tree seeds require scarification

Stratification

• Requirement of some seeds to go through a cold period before they will sprout

• Walnuts

Basic Parts of Seeds

• 1. Embryo

• 2. Food Supply – 1st leaves

• 3. Ovary wall or seed coat

Germination

• Needed for Germination• 1. Temperature• 2. Moisture• 3. Air• 4. Light or absence of it

Germination

• Process

• 1. Seed absorbs water

• 2. Seeds proteins activated

• 3. Radicle (root) emerges

• 4. Plumule or embryonic shoot emerges

• 5. Leaves form and food production begins

Monocot Seeds

• 1. Seed coat-protection

• 2. Endosperm- a source of energy

• 3. Embryo-miniature plant that has– Epicotyle-shoot above cotyledon– Hypocotyl-part of stem below the cotyledon– Radicle- primary root, supports seedling

Dicot Seeds

• 1. Seed Coat-protection

• 2. Embryo miniature plant– 2 cotyledons-seed leaves– Epicotyl-true leaves– Hypocotyl-first stem, pulls seed upward– Radicle-forms roots

Monocot Germination

• 1. Seed swells• 2. Radicle grows down• 3. First internode and epicotyl grows

upward• 4. New leaves form and food production

starts• 5. New root system develops• 6. Temporary root system ceases to

function and dies

Dicot Germination

• 1. Seed swells• 2. Radicle grows down• 3. Hypocotyl forms arch that breaks soil

surface• 4. Hypocotyl reaches light and straightens up• 5. Cotyledons turn green and make food• 6. As new leaves develop, cotyledons dry up

and fall off

Seedlings

• Sow in soil – direct seeding– Grass– Covercrops

• Sow in growing mix– Transplant after developed 1st or second set

of leaves

• Only use sterile mix

Promix Soilless Medium

• MYCRORISE® PRO has a beneficial fungus that is found naturally in soils around the world.

• Mycorrhizae forms an association, or symbiosis, with the roots of the plants.

Promix BX

• Canadian Sphagnum Peat Moss (75-85 % / vol.)

• Dolomitic & Calcitic Limestone (pH adjuster)

• Endomycorrhize (Mycorise® Pro)  • Macronutrients• Perlite — horticultural grade  • Micronutrients• Vermiculite  • Wetting Agent   

Damping Off

• Fungal disease that kills seedlings

Today

• Start tree seeds– Walnut– Redbud– Chestnut– Oak

• Walk down to irrigation project