1. Understanding Earthquake Gen San 2011_ Milo
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NANE M. DANLAGNANE M. DANLAG
KIDAPAWAN
UnderstandinUnderstandingg
HAZARDSHAZARDS
EarthquakeEarthquake
andand
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A weak to violentshaking of the ground
produced by the sudden
movement of rock
materials below the
earths surface
KIDAPAWAN
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Volcanicearthquakes produced by movement of
magma beneath volcanoes
Tectonicearthquakes produced by sudden
movement along faults and plate
boundaries
Types of Natural EarthquakesTypes of Natural Earthquakes
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VOLCANO- the term signifes a vent,hill, or mountain rom which molten orHot rocks with gaseous materials areejected !he term also a""lies to craters,
hills or mountains ormed #$ removal o"re-e%isting materials or #$ accumulatioo ejected materials
What is aWhat is aVOLCANOVOLCANO
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&H'VOLC( CLA((')'CA!'ON O) VOLCA
ACTIVE VLCAN!"ith eru#ti$n in hist$ri% ti&es
!'(C dating )'*+*** ,ears
!-$%a- seis&i% a%tiit,!$ra- /$-k-$ri% hist$r,
INACTIVE VLCAN! n$ re%$rd $/ eru#ti$ns
! its /$r& is 0eginning t$ %hange 0,the agents $/ "eathering and er$si$nia /$r&ati$n $/ dee# and -$ng gu--ies
&H'VOLC( CLA((')'CA!'ON O) VOLCA&H'VOLC( CLA((')'CA!'ON O) VOLCA
!12 a%tie $-%an$es
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3TENTIALL4 ACTIVE VLCAN3TENTIALL4 ACTIVE VLCAN
-ge$-$gi%a--, ,$ung+ #$ssi0-, eru#ted )'*+*** 5%$$site $-%an$es6 and )17+*** 5/$r %a-deras6
! ge$&$r#h$-$gi%a--, ,$ung8
-$" degree $/ er$si$n and disse%ti$n+ ,$ung ent /eatures+ 9:! egetati$n %$er+ sus#e%ted seis&i% a%tiit,
(PHIVOLCS classifcation introduced ~ 199!
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LA+*( O) !H*LA+*( O) !H*
*A!H*A!H
corecore
mantlemantle
Why and how earthquakes occur?Why and how earthquakes occur?
corecore
mantlemantle
corecore
crustcrustmantmant
lele
!he earth has la$ers
corcoree
crustcrust
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Internal Structure of the EarthInternal Structure of the Earth
Why and how earthquakes occur?Why and how earthquakes occur?
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Outer la$er o the earth.C/(!0 is #roken into several
"ieces
Like aneggshell with
cracks1ajor !ectonic &lates o1ajor !ectonic &lates o
the 2orldthe 2orld
Why and how earthquakes occur?Why and how earthquakes occur?
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TECTONIC !"TESTECTONIC !"TES
KIDAPAWAN
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&late !ectonics&late !ectonics
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T#ES O$ !"TE %O&N'"(IEST#ES O$ !"TE %O&N'"(IES
T("NS$O() 'IVE(*ENT CONVE(*ENT
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KIDAPAWAN
2here do *arth3uakesoccur4
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KIDAPAWAN
2here do *arth3uakesoccur4
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KIDAPAWAN
2here do *arth3uakesoccur4
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Te%t$ni% 3-ates in the i%init, $/ the 3hi-i##ines
Why and how earthquakes occurWhy and how earthquakes occur
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!ocation of Earthquake!ocation of EarthquakeEpicenterEpicenter!! point on the surface ofpoint on the surface of
the earth directly above the focusthe earth directly above the focus
$ocus +$ocus + point inside the earth where the earth!uake startedpoint inside the earth where the earth!uake started
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Magnitude 5energ,6Magnitude 5energ,6
measured by instrumentsmeasured by instrumentsenergy released at theenergy released at the
focusfocusArabic numbers, e.g. 5.3,Arabic numbers, e.g. 5.3,
7.8, etc.)7.8, etc.)
)easuring the ST(EN*T, of an Earthquake)easuring the ST(EN*T, of an Earthquake
seismometer
felt and observedbased on relative eect to people and structuresgenerally higher near theepicenteroman !umerals e.g. "#,
"$, etc.
Intensit, 5shaking6Intensit, 5shaking6
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INTENSIT#INTENSIT#
';
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KIDAPAWAN
Roman Numerals decreases with distance from epicenter
Scarcely perceptible
slightly felt
- weak
V moderately strong
V strong
V very strong
V destructive
V very destructive
X devastating
X completely devastating
INTENSIT#INTENSIT#
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KIDAPAWAN
56 "ermanent .manned0 seismicstations
56 unmanned seismic stations.using V(A!0
7 volcanological o#servatories
" 5 remote stations .&arker and1atutum0
%&"#'(* !ational +arthuae%&"#'(* !ational +arthuae
onitoring !et/oronitoring !et/or
8ida"awan Cit$
9am#oanga Cit$
:i"olog Cit$
Caga$an de OroCit$
:avao Cit$
;en (antos Cit$
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KIDAPAWAN
GEN. SANTOS CITY SEISMIC STATION
MSU CAMPUS, BRGY. FATIMA, GEN. SANTOS CITY
TEL. NO.: (083) 553-8133
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PHILIPPINESEISMICITY"*"icenters oearth3uakes"1agnitude = or greater
">6?@ 5???
"B5? earth3uakesda$
"B>D? to 5?? with elt
intensities$ear
"6? destructiveearth3uakes in the "ast=?? $ears
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EarthquakeEarthquake
*enerators in the*enerators in the
hilippineshilippines
An ACTIVE FAULT is
defined as a fault,
which has movedwithin the last 10,000
years
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E"(T,-&".E ,"/"('SE"(T,-&".E ,"/"('S
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E"(T,-&".E ,"/"('SE"(T,-&".E ,"/"('S
!iquefaction
+ very soft soil
!andslides
+ slope failure
Tsunami
+ 0ave
secondary ha1ard2
$ire
*round shaking
+ shake
*round rupture
+ cut
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0'1!2 *&A"!0 of 47 August 4760'1!2 *&A"!0 of 47 August 476
oro 0ulf +arthuaeoro 0ulf +arthuae
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KIDAPAWAN
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1agnitude1agnitude
7?7?
N*2N*2
9*ALAN:9*ALAN:
)e# 55, 5?>>)e# 55, 5?>>
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*round (upture and $issuring*round (upture and $issuringcreation o new or the renewed movements oold ractures, otentimes with the two #lockson #oth sides moving in o""osite directions
*(O&N'*(O&N'
(&T&(E(&T&(E
1!!0, Lu"on E#, $ueva Vi"caya
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LuEonLuEon>66?>66?
)ault)ault
u"tureu"ture
$%a#& Nue!a Ec'a$%a#& Nue!a Ec'a
;O/N;O/N
::/&!//&!/
* eFects* eFects
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*round (upture*round (upture
and $issuringand $issuring
!I-&E$"CTION!I-&E$"CTION
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+ a process that transforms+ a process that transforms
the behavior of a body ofthe behavior of a body of
sediment from that of asediment from that of a
solid to that of a liquidsolid to that of a liquid)indoro3 4556)indoro3 4556
!I-&E$"CTION!I-&E$"CTION
7h th d l t th thi b ilt7h th d l t th thi b ilt
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7hen the ground loses strength3 anything built7hen the ground loses strength3 anything builton top of it may sink and tilt888on top of it may sink and tilt888
'agupan3 4559'agupan3 4559
Cotabato3 45:;
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!andslides and (ockfalls!andslides and (ockfalls
slope failures in steep or hilly slopes
!andsli
descar
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!andslides!andslidesandand
(ockfalls(ockfalls
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#$%NA&'#$%NA&'" (iant sea waves due tovertical large)scale
displacement of the sea
floor associated with a
strong shallow earth!uake*
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1agnitude1agnitude
7?7?
N*2N*29*ALAN:9*ALAN:
)e# 55, 5?>>)e# 55, 5?>>
SECON'"(#SECON'"(#
,"/"(',"/"('
$I(E$I(E
KIDAPAWAN
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!elea% G .?7=0 D5>-?D67
1o#ile No G
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