1 Integrated Pest Management in Multifamily Housing.

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Integrated Pest Management in Multifamily Housing

Beware of this Bug!!!

Background

• 1980’s bug crew• 1990’s contractors and gels• 2000 Listening Tour• 2001 – 2005 Healthy PH initiative• 2006 - 2009 Healthy Pest-Free Hsg• 2010 – Environmental Exposure and

IPM Intensity

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Developed and sponsored by

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Resources

• Networked resources are available at:– www.StopPests.org– www.healthyhomestraining.org/ipm/training.htm

• The binder is yours to keep– Copies of presentation slides– HUD’s Voluntary Guidance on IPM – Pest fact sheets

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By the end of today, you will know

• Why pests are health threats.

• How to control cockroaches, rodents, and bed bugs.

• Why Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is the most effective way to control pests.

• Your role in the IPM team.

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How have you fought pests?

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IPM makes homes healthier!

Pests cause problems

• Trigger/cause asthma and allergies

• Bite

• Contaminate food

• Lead people to overreact and ignore pesticide labels

• Transmit disease

• Hitchhike in belongings

• Violate housing codes

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Priority pests

• Cockroaches cause asthma in infants, trigger asthma attacks, and contaminate food.

• Rodents such as mice and rats carry diseases, bite, destroy property, may cause fires, and may trigger asthma attacks.

• Bed Bugs and their bites are a nuisance and are expensive to eliminate.

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What all pests need

Sh

elte

r

Fo

od

Wat

er

• Food

• Water

• Shelter

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What is IPM?

• Integrated: Uses multiple approaches that work together.

• Pest: What the multiple approaches work to fight.

• Management: Use of the most economical means with the least possible risk to people, property, and the environment.

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What you will gain

IPM will give you…

• A healthier building: Fewer asthma attacks, less exposure to pesticides, and less of a chance you will take pests home.

• Fewer complaints: A Boston Housing Authority development reduced cockroach work orders by 68% after one year of IPM.

• Fewer pests: You can stop infestations from growing and spreading disease.

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Bed Bugs

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Also known as…chintzes or chinchesmahogany flatsred coatscrimson ramblerswall licethe bug that nobody knows

Outline

• What they are

• What they eat

• Where they live

• How to think like bed bug

• Prevention and control

16Adult bed bug feeding on a human

What is a bed bug?

• A blood-sucking insect

• Most active at night

• Usually feeds at night

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Bed bugs are health hazards

Bed bugs do not transmit disease, but they

• cause secondary infections after people scratch their bed bug bites;

• result in stress, loss of work, loss of sleep, and financial burden;

• are unwelcome in our homes and workplaces.

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Unfed

Fed

Bed bug life cycle

Bed bugs at various stages of growth.

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Bed bug crawling into a screw hole to hide.

Bed bug behavior

• Hide in cracks and crevices, often in groups.

• Cannot fly, jump, or burrow into skin…they crawl.

• Hitchhike on bags, furniture, wires, or pipes.

20Mosquito BitesMosquito Bites

Can be confused with…

• Ticks• Cockroach nymphs• Other kinds of bug bites

Tick

Bat BugCockroach Nymph

One bed bug, HALF a year…

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Signs of bed bugs

• Bites

• Blood spots

• Shed skins

• Dead bed bugs

• Live bed bugs

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Bites

• Bed bugs cannot be confirmed by bites alone.

• Live bed bugs must be found.

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The start of an infestationA bad infestation

Blood spots

• Blood spots are bed bug droppings.

• Bed bugs cannot be confirmed by blood spots alone.

• Live bed bugs must be found.

25Bed bug signs on a mattress seam

Shed skins

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Dead bed bugs

Bottom Top

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What bed bugs eat and drink

Blood

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Where bed bugs live

• In the building

• In any crack or crevice where a credit card edge could fit

• In anything near where people rest

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Where bed bugs live

= Hot Spot

Beds, sofas, bedside tables, recliners, picture frames…

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What’s on the other side of the wall?

How do bed bugs spread?

• Through walls along wires and pipes

• On anything coming from an infested unit (furniture, backpacks, laundry…)

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• After mating once and feeding, a female is ready to lay eggs.

• To avoid dying, a female may go off and find a hiding spot awayfrom other bed bugs.

Think like a bed bug

Traumatic insemination (bed bugs breeding)

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Got bed bugs? Now what?

If found and controlled early in the infestation, the spread of bed bugs can be stopped. The first responses should be to:

Report the problem

Not throw the mattress out—cover it

Not spray—leave this to the PMP

Prevent carrying the bed bugs to other places

Prepare the unit for the PMP

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Document all observations

Take action promptly.

Report:• Date• What you saw• What you did (don’t spray)

34Mattresses and furniture don’t have to be thrown out!

Use a mattress encasement

• Trap live bed bugs inside.• Zip, seal, and check for rips.• Leave it on for 1-1/2 years (don’t let it rip).

Place monitors

• Trap and kill bed bugs• Determine how bad the infestation is• Two types

– Interceptors– Portable

35Interceptor

Teach people how to control without pesticides

• Follow site-specific instructions from the PMP

• If there is an infested item, the PMP may have the resident:– Encase– Destroy, dispose, and replace with metal or

plastic– Heat treat in a dryer– Heat treat then isolate in bags or containers

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Teach people how to prevent

• Keep coats, backpacks, purses, and bags off beds, recliners, and sofas.

• Don’t bring home used furniture.

• Look for signs before sleeping.

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The PMP might

• Inspect

• Take apart furniture

• Put infested items in sealed plastic bags or discard heavily infested items

• Use– A vacuum– Heat or steam– Pesticides

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Only PMPs use sprays

• Sprays are not effective when used by homeowners for bed bug control

• Sprays cause the bugs to scatter– Problem becomes harder to deal with

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A review of what you should do

• Report the problem• Encase the mattress and box spring• Prevent spreading the bed bugs to other

places• Follow the PMP's instructions

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Management's role

• Find out the PMP’s requirements for unit prep and plan ahead! Example: Who takes apart and reassembles furniture?

• Have the professional inspect and treat units adjacent to the infested one.

• Communicate the situations/populations in units to the professional (respiratory problems, chemical sensitivities, pregnant women, the elderly, or children present).

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The PMP's role

• ALWAYS thoroughly inspects the unit and the adjacent walls.

• Provides preparation and follow-up instructions in multiple languages.

• Follows the label—especially when treating mattresses!

• Returns in three weeks to look for and treat hatched nymphs.

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The resident's role

• Inspect regularly • Launder bedding regularly• Report bed bug sightings immediately and

seek help from staff • Use plastic bags when transporting infested

items• Don’t bring home furniture found on the street• Follow preparation instructions from the PMP

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Questions?

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Cockroaches

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• What they are

• What they eat

• Where they live

• How to think like a cockroach

• Prevention and control

Also known as…roachescucarachas

Outline

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Cockroaches are health hazards

Cockroaches and their frass

• Make asthma worse in sensitive people

• Cause asthma in preschool-aged children

• Cause or aggravate allergies

• Contaminate food, dishes, and counters

• Are unwelcome in places where we work and play

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What is a cockroach?

• An insect

• Lives in areas where humans provide food and water

• Active at nightIf you see cockroaches during the day, the

infestation is serious

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What is a cockroach?

• Multiple eggs in each egg case

• Many eggs means many nymphs (babies)

• Nymphs look like small versions of the adults

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Common cockroaches

most common

sewers & basements

high & dry

hot cool

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German cockroach

• Medium size (3/4''), bronze, with “racing stripes” behind the head

• Found everywhere, but likes warmth, moisture, and darkness

Reproduces quickly

Mother carries eggs to term even if she is dead

Eats almost anything

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Brown banded cockroach

• Small size (1/2'') with side-to-side stripes

• Found in warm and dry spots, often up high

Lives in scattered locations, often behind pictures and appliances

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Oriental cockroacha.k.a “water bugs”

Large (1''); black color

Lives in sewers, basements, and mulch

Likes it cool

American cockroach

a.k.a. “palmetto bugs” or “water bugs”

Large (1-1/2''); brown color

Glides in the air

Lives in sewers and basements

Likes it hot

One German cockroach, 1/2 a year…

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Signs of cockroaches

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Live cockroaches

Dead cockroaches and their parts

Frass

Egg cases

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Dead

Dead cockroaches

German cockroaches on a sticky trap

Brown banded cockroachesby a door hinge

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Frass

Door

Under a cabinet

shelfBehind the wall clock

Wall clock

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Where cockroaches live

• Anywhere in a building

• Prefer spots near water but also need food and warmth

• In cracks and crevices where their bodies touch surfaces above and below

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What cockroaches eat

• Crumbs• Grease• Trash• Cardboard glue• Just about anything

Under the bag in a trash can

Where cockroaches drink

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Sinks

Counters

Floors

Pet bowls

Shower stalls

Sweaty pipes

Refrigerator drip pans and gaskets

AC units

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IPM practice

• What’s the problem here?

• How would you fix it?

Cockroaches

Need food and water.

Are most active at night.

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Got cockroaches? Now what?

There is not just one answer.

• First find out:– What kind?– How many?– Where?

• Then use solutions that provide:– Most effective prevention and control– Least risk to residents and staff

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Trash chute

Boiler room

Inspect

Using a flashlight, look for evidence where cockroaches would find food, water, or a hiding spot: up, down, behind, and under.Think like a cockroach – look in hidden areas.

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Inspect

Monitor by placing sticky traps near areas where cockroaches might travel—at corners and near warmth, food, and water.

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Prevention and control:Sanitation

• Good sanitation makes pest control work.

• Eliminate hiding spots, food, and water available at night by- cleaning the kitchen;- reducing clutter;- throwing away dead cockroaches;- cleaning frass and areas where there were cockroaches with simple soap and water.

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Seal or fix cracks, peeled wallpaper and shelf liners, or holes that cockroaches could get through. Use

silicone caulk;

copper mesh;

screens; or

door sweeps on boiler rooms and exterior doors.

Prevention and control:Exclusion

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Prevention and control: Baits

• The most effective pesticide option.

• Won’t work if contaminated by strong- smelling cleaners or other chemicals, pesticide sprays or foggers, or nicotine from cigarette smoke.

• Use in every room.

Gel Bait Bait Station

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Prevention and control: Baits

• The bait needs to be the only food in the area—sanitation first!

• Slow to kill: Cockroaches feed on the bait and take it back to their hiding spots where other cockroaches live.

PMP’s gel bait applied under a drawer

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Prevention and control: Insecticidal dusts

• Active ingredients may be boric acid or diatomaceous earth

• How they kill cockroaches:– Scratch their outer layers– Dry them out

• Long-lasting if dry

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Prevention and control:Insecticidal dusts

• Effective if used correctly.

• Light dusting instead of piles.

• Use in walls before fixing them.

• Under and behind cabinets at turnover or when making large repairs…but clean first!

Incorrect use of insecticidal dust

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Prevention and control:Insect growth regulators (IGRs)

• Interfere with cockroach growth and egg hatching

• In baits, sprays, aerosols, and powders

• Take a month to work

• Stay effective for a long time

• Compatible with other IPM methods; may enhance baits

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Sanitation

Exclusion

Pesticides: Bait Insecticidal dusts IGRs

A review of IPM tools

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Don’t use over-the-counter sprays and foggers

Over-the-counter sprays and foggers are not part of IPM in multifamily housing

They are not compatible with baits

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Questions?

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Cockroaches

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• What they are

• What they eat

• Where they live

• How to think like a cockroach

• Prevention and control

Also known as…roachescucarachas

Outline

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Cockroaches are health hazards

Cockroaches and their frass

• Make asthma worse in sensitive people

• Cause asthma in preschool-aged children

• Cause or aggravate allergies

• Contaminate food, dishes, and counters

• Are unwelcome in places where we work and play

78

What is a cockroach?

• An insect

• Lives in areas where humans provide food and water

• Active at nightIf you see cockroaches during the day, the

infestation is serious

79

What is a cockroach?

• Multiple eggs in each egg case

• Many eggs means many nymphs (babies)

• Nymphs look like small versions of the adults

80

Common cockroaches

most common

sewers & basements

high & dry

hot cool

81

German cockroach

• Medium size (3/4''), bronze, with “racing stripes” behind the head

• Found everywhere, but likes warmth, moisture, and darkness

Reproduces quickly

Mother carries eggs to term even if she is dead

Eats almost anything

82

Brown banded cockroach

• Small size (1/2'') with side-to-side stripes

• Found in warm and dry spots, often up high

Lives in scattered locations, often behind pictures and appliances

83

Oriental cockroacha.k.a “water bugs”

Large (1''); black color

Lives in sewers, basements, and mulch

Likes it cool

American cockroach

a.k.a. “palmetto bugs” or “water bugs”

Large (1-1/2''); brown color

Glides in the air

Lives in sewers and basements

Likes it hot

One German cockroach, 1/2 a year…

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Signs of cockroaches

11

Live cockroaches

Dead cockroaches and their parts

Frass

Egg cases

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Dead

Dead cockroaches

German cockroaches on a sticky trap

Brown banded cockroachesby a door hinge

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Frass

Door

Under a cabinet

shelfBehind the wall clock

Wall clock

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Where cockroaches live

• Anywhere in a building

• Prefer spots near water but also need food and warmth

• In cracks and crevices where their bodies touch surfaces above and below

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What cockroaches eat

• Crumbs• Grease• Trash• Cardboard glue• Just about anything

Under the bag in a trash can

Where cockroaches drink

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Sinks

Counters

Floors

Pet bowls

Shower stalls

Sweaty pipes

Refrigerator drip pans and gaskets

AC units

91

IPM practice

• What’s the problem here?

• How would you fix it?

Cockroaches

Need food and water.

Are most active at night.

92

Got cockroaches? Now what?

There is not just one answer.

• First find out:– What kind?– How many?– Where?

• Then use solutions that provide:– Most effective prevention and control– Least risk to residents and staff

93

Trash chute

Boiler room

Inspect

Using a flashlight, look for evidence where cockroaches would find food, water, or a hiding spot: up, down, behind, and under.Think like a cockroach – look in hidden areas.

94

Inspect

Monitor by placing sticky traps near areas where cockroaches might travel—at corners and near warmth, food, and water.

95

Prevention and control:Sanitation

• Good sanitation makes pest control work.

• Eliminate hiding spots, food, and water available at night by- cleaning the kitchen;- reducing clutter;- throwing away dead cockroaches;- cleaning frass and areas where there were cockroaches with simple soap and water.

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Seal or fix cracks, peeled wallpaper and shelf liners, or holes that cockroaches could get through. Use

silicone caulk;

copper mesh;

screens; or

door sweeps on boiler rooms and exterior doors.

Prevention and control:Exclusion

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Prevention and control: Baits

• The most effective pesticide option.

• Won’t work if contaminated by strong- smelling cleaners or other chemicals, pesticide sprays or foggers, or nicotine from cigarette smoke.

• Use in every room.

Gel Bait Bait Station

98

Prevention and control: Baits

• The bait needs to be the only food in the area—sanitation first!

• Slow to kill: Cockroaches feed on the bait and take it back to their hiding spots where other cockroaches live.

PMP’s gel bait applied under a drawer

99

Prevention and control: Insecticidal dusts

• Active ingredients may be boric acid or diatomaceous earth

• How they kill cockroaches:– Scratch their outer layers– Dry them out

• Long-lasting if dry

100

Prevention and control:Insecticidal dusts

• Effective if used correctly.

• Light dusting instead of piles.

• Use in walls before fixing them.

• Under and behind cabinets at turnover or when making large repairs…but clean first!

Incorrect use of insecticidal dust

101

Prevention and control:Insect growth regulators (IGRs)

• Interfere with cockroach growth and egg hatching

• In baits, sprays, aerosols, and powders

• Take a month to work

• Stay effective for a long time

• Compatible with other IPM methods; may enhance baits

102

Sanitation

Exclusion

Pesticides: Bait Insecticidal dusts IGRs

A review of IPM tools

103

Don’t use over-the-counter sprays and foggers

Over-the-counter sprays and foggers are not part of IPM in multifamily housing

They are not compatible with baits

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Questions?

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IPM and Pesticide Use

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Outline

• HUD’s guidance on IPM

• IPM in practice

• Pesticides

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Making homes healthy

• IPM is part of a nationwide Healthy Homes movement to reduce housing-based health hazards.

• A healthy home is:– Dry– Clean– Ventilated– Safe– Contaminant-free– Maintained– Pest-free

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HUD’s voluntary guidance on integrated pest management

• PIH guidance since 2006 (PIH 2009-15 (HA))• “Offers the potential efficacy of pest

elimination while protecting the health of residents and staff.”

• “Will extend the useful life of property and, thereby, generate significant savings that offset costs of the pest control operations.”

• “Effective in preventing moisture intrusion and accumulation.”

• In the reference section of your manual.

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Federal housing must comply with local housing codes

Typical local housing code

• All structures shall be kept free from insect and rodent infestation.

• All structures in which insects or rodents are found shall be promptly managed by approved processes that will not be injurious to human health.

• Proper precautions shall be taken to prevent re-infestation.

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IPM in practice:Documentation is key

One IPM log in each building.Record:• date• detailed observations• action takenMake sure action is taken promptly.

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IPM in practice: An IPM log

Problem Solution

Date What’s seen?

Initials Date What’s done?

Initials

4/4/08 Door sweep broken

AAT 4/7/08 New door sweep installed

CAP

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At first more work, but then less

• Starting an IPM program may mean more work because of education, repairs, and monitoring.

• Expect to see increased work orders as pests and pest-friendly conditions that were previously overlooked are reported.

• THEN…you will get fewer complaints, have fewer pests, and be providing a better place to live.

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Another view

• Investtime and materials for repair and education.

• Protectthrough exclusion, sanitation, and careful

product choice based on least risk to human health and the environment and compatibility with other management practices.

• Maintainwith monitoring, communication, and

documentation so that infestations do not grow.

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Pesticides

Why do people tolerate exposure to pests and pesticides?

• They are used to living with problems

• Low standards for pest control and maintenance

• Other priorities

• Not aware of the problems

• Cannot envision a better way

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Routine spraying of pesticides is not the only option

We’ve learned a better way.

Routine baseboard spraying is not part of IPM.

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Concerns with pesticides

• Pests can become tolerant of or avoid pesticides.• Risk from exposure may outweigh the benefit of

killing pests.• Possible harm to pets and wildlife.• Certain populations may be especially vulnerable

or sensitive to some pesticides:– Elderly; children; pregnant women– People with breathing or lung disorders such

as asthma– People with multiple chemical sensitivities

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How to handle illegal and risky pesticides

• Educate residents on the dangers of using illegal pesticides. For example, pesticides that look like candy are risky.

• Report illegal sales to the EPA or to the state pesticide licensing agency.

Unlabeled Mothballs Chinese Chalk Tres PasitosProducts without a pesticide label are illegal.

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Washington, DC, August 2008

San Diego, CA, July 1992

Augusta, GA, March 2008

Total release foggers (there’s a reason they’re called bombs!)

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Pesticide risk by application method

Tamper- resistant station

Total release fogger

Less risk of exposure

More risk of exposure

Gel bait in a crevice

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How to read a label

• Product name

• Active Ingredients

• Signal words:

CAUTION = slightly toxicWARNING = moderately toxicDANGER = severe skin or eye irritationDANGER-POISON = highly toxic

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How to read a label

• Registration number: “EPA Reg. No.”

• Precautionary Statements

• Directions for:

– Use

– Storage

– Disposal

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National Pesticide Information Center800-858-7378 www.npic.orst.edu

Poison Control Center National Hotline 800-222-1222www.aapcc.org

Product use and emergencies

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Questions?

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Roles and Responsibilities

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The Property Manager is responsible for IPM

• Hires a qualified pest management professional (PMP) who uses IPM and a contract that rewards success

• Follows HUD’s IPM Guidance (PIH 2009-15 (HA))

• Develops and enforces policies and procedures based on PIH 2009-15 (HA)

• Manages the PMP

• Identifies problems, especially with housekeeping and sanitation

• Monitors and maintain facilities and grounds

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The Property Manager is responsible for IPM

• Protects and assists vulnerable and sensitive populations

• Tracks complaints and program performance• Delegates the solutions

– If unable to assist directly, contacts family member, resident support services, or social services agency

• Encourages a reporting system– Notify staff and residents of upcoming PMP visits – Facilitate the IPM log – Provide pesticide use notification

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Pest Management Professional

• Qualifications to consider– Green Shield, GreenPro, or Ecowise (in CA)

– Association membership: National Pest Management Association

– PMP certification: Associate Certified Entomologist (ACE) or Board Certified Entomologist (BCE)

• Follows contract to get paid– Notifies PHA of upcoming visits

– Communicates with staff and residents

– Inspects and monitors for pests

– Identifies pests

– Recommends pest-proofing strategies

– Applies effective and compatible pesticides

– Documents everything: observations, pesticide usage, suggestions

– Follows-up quickly when needed

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Maintenance Staff

• Seal cracks

• Fix leaks

• Eliminate moisture problems

• Install barriers to pest entry and movement

• Monitor common areas for pests

• Report observations, problems, and actions

• Possibly assist with unit preparation

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Janitorial / Custodial Staff

• Keep common areas clean and sanitary (especially trash chutes and dumpsters)

• Monitor for pests

• Report problems in units and common areas

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Landscaping and Grounds Crews

• Monitor for pests (especially rats)

• Report problems

• Minimize use of pesticides on grounds–Plant choice

• Doesn’t offer coverage for rat travel and burrowing

• Resists pests naturally (few pesticides or nutrients required)

–Plant placement• Never touching the building

• Appropriate sunlight, shade, and moisture for the plant

–Plant maintenance• Mow grass high: 3-4"

• Mulch grass clippings

Shapes rats avoid

Shapes rats seek

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Resident Support Service Staff

• Get assistance for residents who are unable to prepare their unit for the PMP due to financial or physical limitations

• Educate residents about:– Pests

– Proper housekeeping

– Reporting presence of pests, leaks, and mold

• Enforce lease provisions regarding:– Housekeeping

– Sanitation

– Trash removal and storage

• Encourage residents to allow PMP into unit

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Resident

• Notifies management of disabilities or when assistance is needed to participate in an IPM program

• Gives PMP access to unit– Works with staff to find reasonable accommodations if sensitivities

exist

• Prepares unit for PMP visit according to instructions

• Follows lease regarding– Housekeeping– Sanitation– Trash removal and storage

• Reports presence of pests, leaks, and mold

• Monitors unit for problems

• Helps and educates neighbors

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The results of the team approach

• An inspection and monitoring system that finds pests

• A reporting system that identifies areas of improvement

• Units are prepared to receive effective treatment

• Communication that empowers all

• Fewer pests and a healthier environment

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Questions?