Transcript
February, 2000
A Revolutionary Approach to Reducing Well Costs
CASING DRILLING
What is Casing Drilling?
“Drilling and casing wells simultaneously where the casing is used to transmit mechanical and hydraulic energy to the bit.”
Elimination of drill pipe and drill collars. Elimination of tubular tripping. Reduction of unscheduled events. Increased drilling safety. Reduced rig costs. Reduced overall well costs.
Casing Drilling- A Complete Solution
Use Casing Drilling Process for Entire Well Conductor/Surface Intermediate Long String
Reduced Costs
Improved Performance
Improved Safety
Rotary Drilling vs. Casing Drilling
HOLE PROBLEMS WHICH RESULT IN EXCESSIVE ROTARY DRILLING COSTS - AND THE CASING DRILLING SOLUTIONS
1. SWELLING FORMATIONS 2. SLOUGHING FORMATIONS 3. WASHOUT
4. SWAB OIL & GAS 5. HOLE IN CASING OR KEYSEAT 6. RUNNING LOGS & CASING DIFFICULTIES
Industry “Flat Time” Lost(as percentage of total well time)
Non-scheduled Events 12-25%
Casing Installation 12-21%
Tripping 10-12%
Formation Evaluation 5-18%
Completions 5-10%
Range Total Flat Time 44-86%
(From DEA “Flat Time Reduction Opportunities” Houston, 21-Sept-99)
Casing Drilling Applications
Large Diameter Hole
No need for large drill collars or drilling tools
Significantly improved hydraulics & hole cleaning
Reduced risk of hole problems from tripping
Eliminate risk of getting stuck running casing
Improved safety and efficiency
Casing Drilling Applications- cont’d.
Offshore
Reduced deck loading through eliminating pipe and
collars- save space and weight
Flexibility for contingency strings
Improved well control
Time saved = significant economic advantage
Casing Drilling Applications- cont’d.
Jungle/Helicopter Rigs
No drillpipe/collars to fly in and out
Casing goes one-way only
Rig is smaller and lighter for same depth rating
Reduced fuel consumption and transportation costs
Casing Drilling Applications- cont’d.
Unstable or Sensitive Lithology
Casing is always on bottom
Excellent hydraulics for superior hole cleaning
No reaming/backreaming on trips- NO TRIPS
Time saved = significant economic advantage
Casing Drilling Applications- cont’d.
Directional or Slant Wells
Fully steerable- use conventional directional assembly
Less torque and drag while drilling- increased reach?
Fewer hole cleaning problems
Casing Drilling Applications- cont’d.
Shallow Gas
Drilling rate is competitive
Total drilling time improved over straight rotary
Better well control- reduced risk from shallow kicks,
especially while tripping
No tripping pipe and collars
Can use a smaller, lighter, faster moving rig
Reduced moving costs
Casing Drilling Applications- cont’d.
High-mobility Rigs; Revamping
Reduced capital cost
Smaller footprint, lower lease prep costs
Reduced moving costs
Empower older rigs with new technology
Reduced fuel and maintenance costs
Casing Drilling Technical Challenges
Changing the Bit & Bottom Hole Assembly
Casing Connection
Bit Cutting Structure
Formation Evaluation
Cementing & Drilling Out the Shoe
Tesco’s Total Solution for Casing Drilling
Factors to be Considered in the Design of a Casing
Drilling Wellbore:
Casing Loadingfatigue limits, tension, compression, critical buckling
Connection Design (what level of service?)
Cutting Structure (bit program)
Well Control Issues
Directional Drilling (steering and/or correcting)
Logging, Testing, Coring, Cementing
Hole Integrity Issues
Tesco’s Total Solution for Casing Drilling
Tesco Provides the Only Total Solution:
Complete Drilling Engineering
Complete Technology Capabilities
Programming
Tools and Equipment
Fully Integrated Project Management Services
Complete Daywork, Lumpsum or Turnkey Capabilities
Casing Drilling Technical Challenges
Changing the Bit & Bottom Hole Assembly Run/retrieve tools and accessories without pulling casing
Casing Connection Handle drilling loads, minimize fatigue, competitive cost
Bit Cutting Structure Destroy rock with low torque, low RPM using PDC cutters- no
stick/slip Underreamer engineered for hard rock and continuous service- short
arm extension, robust
Formation Evaluation Log, test, core
Cementing & Drilling Out the Shoe Cement with pump-down float Drill out and drill ahead to next casing point with next casing string
Running & Retrieving
ToolTorque Anchor
(Locks into torque collar) Underreamer
BitStop Dogs
(Locate at No Go shoulder)
Add Mud Motor as required
Anchor & Seal Assembly(Incorporates by-pass)
Axial Dogs(Lock into
Lock Collar)
Wireline BHA- “Drill Lock Assembly”
Casing Assembly- “Casing Landing Assembly”
CasingCentralizers
as req’dCasing Lock
CollarCasing Torque
Collar Casing Shoe
Casing Drilling Downhole Tools
Running & Setting BHA
Lower BHA (while circulating and
reciprocating) until stop dogs
locate at No Go shoulders
Stop pump and jar down to close
by-pass and lock axial dogs into
lock collar
Continue to jar down to release
running tool
Retrieve running tool while
circulating and reciprocating
Drilling Surface Casing
Bottom Hole Assembly
Bit (must pass through casing drill
string and drill pilot hole)
Underreamer (must pass through
casing drill string and
underream pilot hole out to
desired diameter)
Retrieving BHA
Latch running tool into BHA
Jar up to open bypass and
release axial dogs
Circulate through by-pass to
allow underreaming arms to
retract
Hoist tool out of casing while
circulating and reciprocating
Cement Surface Casing
Drilling Out Cement Plug
Options
-Bit/Underreamer
-Bit/ Drilling Casing
Shoe -Drilling Casing Shoe /
Flat Bottom Mill
Drilling Below A Cemented Casing String
Bottom Hole Assembly: -Bit (must pass through casing drill string and drill pilot hole)
-Underreamer (must pass through casing drill string and underream pilot hole out to the inside diameter of the last casing string set)
Note: Underreamer arms can be enlarged to underream the last casing string set if required
Drilling Directionally
Bottom Hole Assembly
-Bit
-
Underreamer -PDM
with bent housing -
MWD
-NMDC
-Anchor & Seal
Assembly (Locked
into casing)
Coring
Conventional coring 30-60
feet per run.
Core/underream as a
continuous operation.
Retrieve coring assembly
on wireline.
Logging
Retrieve BHA, pull casing from
section of interest, log
conventionally in open hole.
Log through steel casing
(cased hole logs)
Log while drilling:– Suspend BHA below casing shoe
and LWD as currently done and
demonstrated here.
Casing Drilling Tools Being Assembled on Catwalk
Making-up DLA
Lowering DLA Into First Joint of Casing
DLA Latched Into First Joint of Casing
Second Joint Picked Up, About to be Stabbed
Full Casing Drilling Ass’y - Drilling Ahead
BHA• Bit
• Underreamer
REED HYCALOG
DS74H98mm (3 7/8”)
25 X 8mmCutters
Tesco - RBI 3 Blade 98mm PDC Bit
Underreamer (3 nozzles), Pilot bit (5 nozzles) @ 0.45m3/min
PDC Cutters - 155.6mm (6-1/8”) hole with 114.3mm (4-1/2”) Casing
MODIFIED CUTTERS FORMER CUTTER DESIGN
PDC Cutters - 215.9mm (8-1/2”) hole with 177.8mm (7”) casing; two runs, 1200 ft, Wyoming
4.5” Hunting Interlock Coupling with Torque Ring
Grant Prideco Integral Upset Coupling with Torque Shoulder
SPIR-O-LIZERSZinc Alloy
Rotating Steel (Hard Banded) 7” Centralizers - Wyoming
Tesco Pump Down Float Plug
• Pump down while circulating prior to cement job. Lands in CLA. Burst out disc with pressure.
• Retains cement after standard wiper plug is bumped.
• Seven Loads
• Stiff Mast Range III Single
• 100 Ton Nominal Rating
• Rating With 139.7mm (51/2”) Casing
3000m (10,000ft) 25.3kg/m (17lb/ft)
• Rating With 114.3mm (4-1/2”) Casing
3960m (13,000ft)
20.08kg/m(13.5lb/ft)
Moving On and Rigging Up
Pipe Handling System in Operation
Innovative Casing Saver Drive System
• Elevator
• Circulating Head
• Non-threaded Drive
Fully Automated Controls
• Test Well Schematics
Conductor Casing– 9-5/8” 43.5 lb/ft P-110 WT- IPC– 12-1/4” Open Hole to 130 ft
Surface Casing– 7-5/8” 26.4 lb/ft N-80 WT-IPC– 10” Open Hole to 565 ft
Production Casing – 5-1/2” 17 lb/ft PZ- 50– WT-IPC / Buttress CNV-SC-BTC– 7” Open Hole to 3040 ft– Plugged back and directionally
drilled to 86deg. Plugged back and open hole side tracked to 60deg.
• Test Well # 1 • Test Well # 2
Surface Casing– 9-5/8” 36 lb/ft
Buttress-CNV K-55– 12-1/4” Open Hole to 689 ft
Intermediate Casing– 7” 23 lb/ft
Buttress CNV-SC-K-55– 8 1/2” Hole to horizontal @ 2900 ft– Plug back, drill S profile and
cement @ 2200 ft (vertical)
Production Casing (Long String)
– 4-1/2” 11.6 lb/ft Buttress CNV-SC PS-80
– 6 1/4” Open Hole to 3000 ft
Note: All Casing is ERW
First Shallow Wells in CanadaH
ou
rs fr
om
sp
ud
to r
ig r
ele
ase
• 520m vertical wells (Cessford)• 177.8mm conductor pre-set• Drilled in and cemented 114.1mm casing
59.5
3125
19.25
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1st Well 2nd Well 3rd Well 4th Well
Operational Improvements-Countess Project
• 800m+ vertical wells (Countess)• 177.8mm conductor pre-set• Utilized Integral Buttress 114.1mm casing
UNDEREAMER - New Cutter Design with Nozzles
TOP DRIVE ALIGNMENT - Better Counterbalance, New Torgue Bushing
CASING CONNECTION - Integral Upset Shouldered Buttress
CASING SHOE - 152mm OD, strengthened perimeter, reaming pads
CEMENTING - Pumpdown Float Plug, Plug Loading Head
DRILLING DATA - Full Electronic Pason recorder and displays
Wyoming Depths for Casing Drilling
Surface Casing– 9-5/8” 36 lb/ft – Buttress-CNV L80 @ 803 ft
Production Casing – 7” 23 lb/ft– Buttress - CNV L80 @ 6,480
ft
Marathon Oil CompanyTribal E #32
Fremont Co., Wyoming
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
0 4 9 14 19 24 29 34 39
Days on Location
MD
De
pth
(F
ee
t)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1st Well 2nd Well 3rd Well 4th Well
Rotating hours to surface casing depth
803
ft
846
ft
814
ft
786
ft
(RC)
(RC) (RC)
(PDC)
Ho
urs
38
62
4538
29.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Hrs From Spud to Plug Down
BestOffset
1st Well 2nd Well 3rd Well 4th Well
• 250m+/-, 12 1/4” Surface Hole• 9 5/8” x 36ppf K-55 Surface Casing • Wells one and two with Hunting Interlock Convertible Buttress• Wells three and four used API Buttress Couplings
Surface Hole Learning Curve in Wyoming
Conclusions
Commercially available casing and connections can handle
the required torsional and compressive loads while drilling
with casing if drilling parameters are controlled and annular
clearance is minimal
Equivalent penetration rates were observed as compared to
conventional rotary drilling (through alternating siltstone,
shales, coal, sandstone)
Significant time can be saved for tripping with wireline
compared to conventional tripping with pipe
Tesco Casing Drilling Advantages
Rig Efficiencies
Reduced capital and logistics costs due to lighter
substructures and single derricks
Reduced personnel and increased safety by eliminating
extensive pipe handling
Separate strings of drill collars and drill pipe need not be
acquired, transported and maintained
Lower horsepower from reduced circulating pressure and
elimination of drawworks tripping
Tesco Casing Drilling Advantages
Operational Efficiencies
Elimination of backreaming and reaming to bottom
following trips
Lower prime mover fuel consumption
Increased bit hydraulics
Lower mud and cementing costs
Elimination of casing handling and drill string running time
Tesco Casing Drilling Advantages
Unscheduled events eliminated
Taking a kick while tripping the drill string
Unintentional sidetracks while reaming back into the hole
Hole problems caused by swab and surge pressures
Key seats and wearing holes in previously set casing
Built-in washover capabilities if BHA becomes stuck
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY WITH AN INTERNATIONAL FOCUS
Tesco Corporation is a global provider of innovative, technology
based solutions to the upstream energy industry. Tesco designs,
manufactures and services equipment that reduces the cost of
drilling for and producing oil and gas and, is a supplier of value-
added products and services to heavy industry.
Tesco is growth oriented and committed to an ongoing, in-house
research and development program that leads to the practical
application of new technologies.
February, 2000
A Revolutionary Approach to Reducing Well Costs
CASING DRILLING
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