Transcript
MITOSIS
Mitosis
The process of cell division which results in the production of two daughter cells
from a single parent cell.
The daughter cells are identical to one another and to the original parent
cell.
Mitosis can be divided into stages
• Interphase
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase & Cytokinesis
InterphaseThe cell prepares for division
• Animal & Plant Cells – Nucleus clearly defined– Chromosomes not yet
visible
– DNA replicated– Organelles replicated– Cell increases in size
Interphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
ProphaseThe cell prepares for nuclear division
• Animal & Plant Cells– DNA packaged in to
chromosomes– Nuclear envelope
disappears
– Centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell
Prophase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
MetaphaseThe cell prepares chromosomes for
division• Animal & Plant Cells
– Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell
– Spindle fibres attach to centromeres on the chromosomes
– Centrioles reach the opposite poles of the cell
Metaphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
AnaphaseThe chromosomes divide
• Animal & Plant Cells– Spindle fibers contract
and pull chromosomes apart
– ½ of each chromosome (called a chromatid) moves to each hemisphere
– Unattached spindle fibres push against each other or the sides of the cell, and it begins to elongate
Anaphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
TelophaseThe cytoplasm divides
• Animal Cell– DNA spreads out– 2 nuclei form– Contractile ring causes
a cleavage furrow to form the 2 new daughter cells
• Plant Cell– DNA spreads out– 2 nuclei form– Cell plate forms new
cell wall between the nuclei to form the 2 new daughter cells
Telophase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
Mitosis Animations
Mitosis.exe
Mitosis Animation
Animal Mitosis -- Review
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
Plant Mitosis -- ReviewInterphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
Summary of Mitosis• Prophase:
• Chromosomes condense• Nuclear envelope disappears• centrosomes move to opposite sides of the cell• Spindle forms and attaches to centromeres on the chromosomes
• Metaphase• Chromosomes lined up on equator of spindle• centrosomes at opposite ends of cell
• Anaphase• Centromeres divide: each 2-chromatid chromosome becomes
two 1-chromatid chromosomes• Chromosomes pulled to opposite poles by the spindle
• Telophase• Chromosomes de-condense• Nuclear envelope reappears• Cytokinesis: the cytoplasm is divided into 2 cells
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