Limbic System Emotions & higher mental functions Blends primitive emotions (rage, fear, joy, sadness) with high mental functions (reason, memory)

Limbic SystemEmotions & higher mental functionsBlends primitive emotions (rage, fear, joy,

sadness) with high mental functions (reason, memory)

AnatomyHippocampus

Seahorse shaped structure Deep in temporal lobe Involved in storage of long-term memory

Injured cannot form new memories Amygdala

Allows us to feel certain emotions and to perceive them in other people This includes fear and the many changes that

it causes in the body

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

hippocampus

thalamus

hypothalamus

olfactory bulb

olfactory tract

corpuscallosum

amygdala

Memory & Learning Memory

ability to hold a thought in mind or to recall events from the past

Range from a word we learned yesterday to an early emotional experience that shaped our lives

Learning Takes place when we retain and utilize our past

memories

Types of memoryShort-term memory

This ability to hold on to a piece of information temporarily in order to complete a task

It causes certain regions of the brain to become very active, in particular the pre-frontal lobe

It holds a small amount of information (typically around 7 items or even less)

 readily-available state for a short period of time (typically from 10 to 15 seconds, or sometimes up to a minute).

Long-term memoryanything you remember that happened

more than a few minutes agoLong-term memories can last for just a few

days, or for many years

Semantic memory Idea, concepts and meanings General knowledge about the world

Names of colours, capital of CanadaBasic facts that have been collected over

lifetimes Episodic memory

recollection of specific events, situations and experiences Your first day of school, your first kiss,

attending a friend's birthday party and your brother's graduation

Skill memory Involved in performing skills

Riding bike, playing hockey, using a keyboard Skills that become automatic or learned

Case study:Physicist named SS hippocampus was

selectivley destroyed by a virusHad a high IQ Could remember childhood events, physicis

equationsForgot recent experiences within minuteshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=KkaXNvzE4pkhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=fch6VY8Dc1k

Long-term memories are stored in bits and pieces throughout sensory association areas in cerebral cortexVisions stored in visual association area Sounds stored in auditory association area

Hippocampus involved in storage of short-term memory and storing into Long-term memories

Language and Speech

Language is dependent upon semantic memory

involves Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas. Damage to broca’s area can result in inability to

speak Damage to Wernicke’s area inability to

comprehend speech

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otviTWRZJuU

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

motor speech(Broca’s area)

primary motorarea

sensory speech(Wernicke’s area)

primaryvisual area

primary auditoryarea