BR DR IMR Natural increase Migration Over population Under population Population density.

Population

Describe - Why?

BR DR IMR Natural increase Migration Over population Under population Population density

Define

Why do populations grow at different rates

Population structure: why are they different?

DTM

Issues

strain on working population/economy/families; unable to supply enough food to pay for childcare .

time spent by women on childcare/unable to do other work

need for more money to be spent on health care/maternity facilities

overcrowded homes; street children; not enough and overcrowded schools; cost of education/school; so children don’t get

qualifications education for girls

Impacts such as:

Issues

strain on economy/working population; therefore higher taxation in order to pay pensions

need for more money to be spent on facilities for elderly; e.g. care homes/health care

not enough workers for key positions; so need to attract foreign workers and difficult to defend country

services for young under utilised/uneconomical; therefore schools closed down

Impacts such as:

How does it work? incentives for one child families such as free

places in schools and free healthcare, forced abortion/sterilization for parents after

first child. Workplace ‘snooper’ required to grant

permission for employees to have child, advertise benefits of small families such as

greater amount of disposable income available

Population policies: China, 1979

4:2:1 Ageing population Female infanticide, 86:100 50 million unmarried men Relaxed in rural areas such as Tibet Urban industrial areas working well FR down from 6.1 in 1950 to 1.7 today

400 million less than without policy

Issues

Mid 1980s Encouraged immigration and incr in BR Also favoured graduates “Have 3 or more if you can afford it” 20,000SGD tax rebate on 4th child

2006, FR 1.3

Singapore: pro natal

HIV/AIDS: impact, Botswana

people are unable to work/less food produced as they become weak cannot fight infections,

increases medical care cost as long term care is needed,

reduces size of population due to deaths of people of child bearing age,

increases numbers of orphans as many people who die of HIV/AIDS are aged between 20 and 40 etc

Migration: why do people move?

Poland to UK

provides more workers; e.g. skilled labour supply/doctors/dentists/technicians;

or cheap and easily exploited labour to do jobs locals do not want;

results in a multi-cultural society; which enhances cultural understanding;

provision of specialist amenities; e.g. restaurants/takeaways.

Issues such as:

Town to country

Availability of water Fertile land agriculture Trade, minerals Urban areas:

Population density: low; Namibia 2.5 psqkm

Issues:WorkforceEconomy, taxResourcesDefence

Concentrated on coastal areas Flat and fertile land Commute from rural to urban Urban areas, trade

High density: Japan, 339 psqkm

High density: SE, London, through Bham And Mchester. Industry TransportAlso Ncastle, S wales, Central Scotland; IndMed density: EA, SW, agrLow; N Scot, Mid Wales, agr

262 per sq km