A series of scientific developments that transformed the views of society & nature Beginning of modern science Introduction of the Scientific Method:

A series of scientific developments that transformed the views of society & nature Beginning of modern science

Introduction of the Scientific Method: Depends upon logic, observation, and reason rather than faith

Created the technologies and techniques that built the modern world

Created new model of our solar system

Science was based almost entirely on reasoning and connected to Church beliefs

• Experimental method or observation wasn’t used at all

• Science in medieval times• Alchemy – form of chemistry that was concerned with transforming metals into gold• Astrology – belief that there is a relationship between astronomical phenomenon & human events

Rise of Universities• Contact with non-

Western societies• The Renaissance

Rediscovery of classical science

• Exploration

Leading figures– Bacon– Copernicus– Descartes– Galileo– Kepler– Newton

LEADING FIGURE OF THE

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

Polish astronomer and mathematician who believed the Earth revolves around the sun

Wrote the book: On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres

Developed the Heliocentric theory: Sun is the center of the universe The common theory of the time was

that the Earth was the center of the universe

Geocentric Model: Accepted by the Catholic Church

Heliocentric Model:Copernicus’ Theory

English philosopher and empiricist

Preferred inductive reasoning and facts over theory

Argued for experimental methodology: developed the scientific methodStep 1Observe an object or phenomenon

Step 2Develop a theory that explains the object or phenomenon

Step 3Develop an experiment to test the theory

French philosopher and mathematician

Reason, not tradition, is the source of all knowledge

Invented Cartesian coordinate system (xy axis)

Cogito ergo sum: “I think therefore I am”

Italians physicist, mathematician, astronomer & philosopher

Invented the telescope, pendulum clock, thermometer, water pump, and sector

Discovered speed of acceleration for gravity

His inventions led to discoveries that contradicted the traditional view of the world

Outspoken on his view that the Sun was the center of the Universe - Forced to recant his beliefs by the Church

German Mathematician, astronomer and astrologer

Loved the planets and made it his life’s work to explain the motion of planets

Invented an improved version of the refracting telescope

Developed the three Laws of Planetary Motion

English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and theologian

Developed the Three Laws of Motion

Defined gravity and its laws Tied up the loose ends of

Kepler and Galileo – used his discoveries to remove the last doubts of heliocentric theory

Invented optics and calculus Built the first practical

reflecting telescope

Developed the modern scientific method

Universe ordered according to natural laws

Discovered that scientific laws can be discovered by human reason

Took the role of a deity or god out of the study of the universe

1. Describe the Scientific Revolution.2. What astronomer, author of On the

Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, believed that the earth revolves around the sun?

3. Who is credited with inventing the scientific method?

4. Who came up with the Three Laws of Planetary Motion?

5. What famous Italian astronomer was convicted of heresy by the Inquisition?

6. What English scientist defined gravity?