© 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Special Senses: The Eyes and Ears Chapter 11.

© 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Special Senses: The Eyes and EarsSpecial Senses: The Eyes and Ears

Chapter 11

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Overview of Structures, Combining Forms,and Functions of the Eyes and Ears

Overview of Structures, Combining Forms,and Functions of the Eyes and Ears

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Eyes (and Vison)

• Primary Function– Receptor organs for the sense of sight

• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)– opt/i, opt/o, optic/o

– ophthalm/o

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Structures of the Eyes

• Adnexa: structures outside the eyeball– Orbit, eye muscles, eyelids, eyelashes,

conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus

• Eyeball: also known as the globe

(continues)

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Structures of the Eyes

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Structures of the Eyes

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Structures of the Eyes

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Structures of the Eyes

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Lacrimal Apparatus

• Primary Function – Produces, stores, and removes tears

• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)– dacryocyst/o– lacrim/o

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Iris

• Primary Function – Controls the amount of light entering the eye

• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)– ir/i, ir/o – irid/o– irit/o

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Lens

• Primary Function – Focuses rays of light on the retina

• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)– phac/o

– phak/o

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Retina

• Primary Functions – Converts light images into electrical impulses and

transmits them to the brain

• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)– retin/o

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Ears (Hearing and Sound)

• Primary Function – Receptor organs for the sense of hearing– Help to maintain balance

• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)– acous/o, acoust/o– audi/o, audit/o– ot/o

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Structures of the Ears

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• Primary Function – Transmits sound waves to the middle ear

• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)– pinn/i

Outer Ear

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• Primary Function – Transmits sound waves to the inner ear

• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)– myring/o

– tympan/o

Middle Ear

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Inner Ear

• Primary Function – Receives sound vibrations and transmits them to

the brain

• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)– labyrinth/o

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Key Word Parts and Definitions

• blephar/o – eyelid

• -cusis– hearing

• irid/o – iris, colored part of eye

• kerat/o– horny, hard, cornea

(continues)

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Key Word Parts and Definitions

• myring/o – tympanic membrane, eardrum

• ophthalm/o– eye, vision

• -opia– vision condition

• opt/o– eye, vision

(continues)

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Key Word Parts and Definitions

• ot/o – ear, hearing

• phak/o– lens of eye

• presby/o– old age

• retin/o– retina, net

(continues)

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Key Word Parts and Definitions

• scler/o – sclera, white of eye, hard

• trop/o– turn, change

• tympan/o– tympanic membrane, eardrum

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QuestionsQuestions

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Question

The smallest bone in the body is the stapes, orstirrup bone, of the middle ear.

True or False?

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Question

A ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in one orboth ears is called:

a. tinnitus

b. labyrinthitis

c. tintinitus

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Question

Men are how many times more likely to becolor-blind than women?

a. 2

b. 10

c. 5

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Question

If not treated promptly, open-angle glaucomacan cause blindness in as little as 2 days.

True or False?