XADO – TECHNOLOGY modifies friction surfaces.
This is a brand-new, environmentally friendly, energy saving technology for the e
quipment maintenance and repair
Scientific research InstituteChin Huan University
Staff member Lyu Dzja Sjun
In the whole world no less than 1/3 of all produced energy is
wasted to reduce friction.
About 2% of the national economy GDP is lost
because of friction.
Ways to reduce friction losses:
• Creation of new wear-resistant materials • Changing of operating conditions of the friction surfaces
by using special additives to lubricants
• Using new types of top quality lubricants
XADO – technology has triple effect:lubricating, restoring and surface modification.
Today this technology is the most effective way to reduce friction.
Very efficient way to save energy and resources.
The most simple and economical way to harden the surface.
Forming process and characteristics of the metalloceramics layer
12V- 90 diesel engine of the drilling rig worked in Sheng Li oilfield.
Having been treated by XADO revitalizant it operated 2000 hours in excess of planne
d rate.
This water pump gear shift of a locomotive was treated
by XADO and it ran 400 000 km extra.
Test period - 300 hours after XADO revitalizant
application
XADO laboratory test
Circular lubricating, oil. Lubrication intensity - 3 drops per second
Laboratory friction machine
Test conditions: Rotation speed – 800 rpm;Load on the roller increased after a certain period of time:0 - 63 operating hours – load 10 kg;64 -158 operating hours – load 15 kg; 159 - 300 operating hours – load 25 kg.
Surface hardness increased significantly and reached the
level of the diamond-like material
Table of disc surface hardness on the wear traces
Friction
machine
1 20
100
200
300
400
500
HV
H
ard
ne
ss
/ M
Pa
1--before test 2--after test
20gf
5gf
1- before test2- after test
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
Number
Na
no
Ha
rdn
es
s
平均值 10.2
压痕深度 50nm
Tables and diagrams of nanohardness of wear traces on the disc surface at a depth of 50 nm and 20 nm
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
压痕深度 20nm
Na
no
Ha
rdn
es
s/G
pa
Number
平均值
14.5
After 300 hours of tests on the friction mac
hine
Table of measurements and a diagram of nanohardness of the roller friction surface at a depth of 50 nm after tests on the friction machine
0 1 2 3 4 514.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
17.0
17.5 压痕深度 50nm
Number
平均值
16.7N
ano
Har
dn
ess/
Gp
a
300 hours of roller operation during tes
t period
Table of measurements and a diagram of nanohardness of the 12V- 90 diesel engine cylinder (Sheng Li Oilfield) at
a depth of 50 nm
Operating time of the engine in excess of the
planned rate -2000 hours
1 2 3 4 50
3
6
9
12
15
18
圆盘磨痕
10.2Gpa
(压入深度 50nm)
纳米
硬度/Gpa
摩 擦 副 种 类
14.5Gpa
(压入深度 20nm)
16.7Gpa17Gpa 17Gpa
圆盘磨痕
小圆柱磨痕
齿面磨痕
缸套磨痕
Average nanohardness values:1 – disc at a depth of 50 nm; 2 – disc at a depth of 20 nm; 3 – roller; 4 – gear wheel of the water pump; 5 – cylinder of 12V- 90 diesel engine.
Roughness of the working surfaces treated by XADO decreases reaching the
smoothness level of the mirror surface
Results of Noncontact measurements of the surface nanoroughness
in the 12V- 90 engine cylinder.Three-dimensional device for nanoroughness measurement
Table of nanoroughness measurements in three points of the working surface of 12V- 90 engine cylind
er
Measurement number Ra, nm Rq, nm Rz, nm Rt, nm
1 23.67 36.26 732.7 928.99
2 29.39 38.94 473.3 830.6
3 27.14 40.2 934.15 2030
Average value
26.73 38.47 713.38 1263.20
Measurement of surface nanoroughnesswith atomoscop
Cylinder liner of the 12V- 90 engine Ra=44nm Gear tooth of the water pump Ra=50nm
Measurement of surface nanoroughnesswith atomoscop
Friction machine disc Ra=60nm Friction machine roller Ra=8nm
XADO metalloceramics layer is a thin colorless coating.
Its thickness can vary from 10 nm to several microns depending on the cond
itions of friction.
The general structure of the coating is similar to that of
the diamond-like material.
Chemical analysis of the cross section of the friction machine disc. The analysis was made with the device in a non-contact way by linear displacement of the probe. Red graph – content of carbon at different depth. Green graph – content of iron at different depth.
Photo on the left – cross section of the friction machine roller (sample with black protecting rubber). On the right – table and diagram of the elements content in the surface layer.
3.8%C 5.5%C 11.32%C
Photos of the sample with different enlargement, cross section of 12V- 90 diesel engine cylinder surface, drilling rig.А – cylinder material; В – XADO surface layer; С – special protecting rubber which is necessary in order to prepare the sample for the analysis.
Analysis of the 12V- 90 diesel engine cylinder surface. Percentage of chemical elements in the test points: А – at a depth of 6 micronВ – on the cylinder surface (XADO metalloceramics layer)С – protective rubber (special sample for analysis)
7.09%C 7.95%C
« RAMAN» device. Friction machine disc. Each graph on the upper diagram – measurements in two points. On the lower diagram – measurement in the spot of the burr (red graph), black graph – measurement results for graphite.
Visible spectrum of the disc surface wear
« Raman» device Friction machine rollerResults of the measurements in the second point (cavity in form of a scratch)
« Raman» deviceFriction machine roller - result of the measurements in the third point(cavity in form of a pit)
«Raman» deviceFriction machine roller. Result of the measurements in the forth point (separate area).
Laboratory analysis of the diamond-like layer
«Raman» deviceOn the left – optical spectrum of the friction machine roller. On the right – summary diagram of:- smooth roller surface (black graph 1);- scratches on the roller surface (red graph 2);- deepenings on the roller surface (green graph 3);- separate area on the roller surface (blue graph 4).
Laboratory analysis of the diamond-like layer.
«Raman» device- red graph – XADO coating on the surface of 12V- 90 diesel engine cylinder;- black graph – graphite analysis.
1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 00.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
-Fe 3
p-Fe 3
s
-Si 2
p
-Si
2s
-Cl2
p
-C1s
-Rh
3d
5-R
h3d
-Rh
3d
3-M
g K
LL
-Ca 2
p-C
a 2
p1
-Ca 2
p3
-N 1
s
-Ca 2
s
-Zn
L
MM -R
h 3
p3
-O 1
S
-Fe 2
P-F
e 2
P3
-Fe
2P
1
-Fe
LM
M
-Fe
LM
M1
-Fe
LM
M2
-o K
La
L
c/s
Binding Energy(eV)
× 105
Results of analysis of the friction machine roller photoelectron spectrum (XPS – analysis)
Chart of the photoelectron spectrum elements. XPS - analysis
Table of the chemical elements
percentage in the surface layer.
XPS - analysis
12V- 90 diesel engine cylinderMeasurement of the elements percentage
at a depth of the surface coating
Surface of the 12V- 90 diesel engine cylinder
Friction coefficient decreased significantly (less than 0.01)
Results of the friction coefficient measurements
before XADO treatment after XADO treatment
Friction machine Wear comes to «0», moreover the workin
g surface is restored
Diagram of the wear on the friction machine (roller-disc).(black graph – oil without XADO, red – oil containing XADO).
Friction machine.Wear-out percent of the roller (0-16 hours of operation on oil without XADO; 16-72 hours of operation – oil containing XA
DO). % - wear, h – hours of operating;
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 720.000
0.005
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.030
0.035
0.040
0.045
0.050
0.055
0.060
0.065
0.070
加普通
润滑油
在原来润滑油的
基础上加摩圣凝胶
Ä¥Ë
ðÂ
Ê (
%)
ʱ¼ä(h)
Practical examplesof wear restoration
using XADO-technology
From December 2002 to August 2004 tests of the diesel locomotives, DF8B model (№5317; №5319), were carried out on the territory of th
e “ХАНИ” railway. After using XADO the locomotive ran extra
410 000 km and a mid-life repair was made. It ran 600 000 km till May 2005 and a mid-life
repair was made again.
Measurements results of the deviations of crankshaft journals diameter of the DF 8B locomotiv
e engine after treatmentand 410000 km run
Main journals of the crankshaft 230 мм №1 №3 №5 №7 №9 (initial) -0.005 -0.010 -0.015 -0.009 -0.010
(mid-life repair) -0.010 -0.008 -0.009 -0.012 -0.004
Rod journals of the crankshaft 210 мм №1 №3 №5 №7
(initial) -0.009 -0.006 -0.015 -0.021
(mid-life repair) -0.006 -0.007 -0.014 -0.023
Measurements of crankshaft journals of the DF 8B locomotive engine aft
er treatmentand 600 000 km run
Wear of the main journals of the crankshaft 230 mm, mm
№1 №3 №5 №7 №9 0.007 -0.002 -0.006 -0.002 -0.006
Wear of the Rod journals of the crankshaft 210 mm, mm
№1 №3 №5 №7 -0.001 0.002 -0.001 0.003
Sheng Yang province, China
Aircraft engines producing plant «Rassvet».
Coordinate boring machine, vertical-type machine,
produced in France.
Results of the spindle vibration level measurements
after XADO treatment
Date of the measurement
Spindle vibration, vertical(
mm)
Spindle vibration, horizontal (m
m)
Spindle revolutions
(rpm)
Time of operation after XADO treatme
nt(hours)
2002.11.07 0.050 0.020 10 0
2002.11.16 0.030 0.016 10 126
2002.12.02 0.018 0.009 10 382
2002.12.09 0.015 0.006 10 420
2003.01.22 0.012 0.005 10 800
XADO products in comparison with regular oils have a
fundamental difference in working surface modification
Molecular structureof different oil additives
Surface-active substances
Chemically active substances
Anti-burr additives
Boundary friction of the surface
Boundary friction
Liquid friction
Examples of operation without oil after XADO treatment
in presence of notaries
1. February 10, 2003. Sya Li taxi with 3-cylinder engine, city of Tyan Din. 660 km run, no breaking
2. April 14, 2004. Audi А6 and Foukan, ran 326 km in mountains and on the highway without oil ( out of which 160 km off the road in mountains), no breaking
3. June 18, 2004. Volkswagen Jetta, ran without oil 108 km of the Pekin 5th ring, no breaking
Traditional greases do not have restoring properties
In recent years the researchers added to the grease solid grains of such chemical elements as: Cu, Ag,TiO2, SiO2, as
well as diamonds. In this case forming of the continuous layer on the friction surfaces did not occur.
Layer on the friction surface after adding hard grains to the grease
XADO technology has perfect restoring properties.
Its secret consists in the ability of XADO particles to capture iron particles and to bring them back to wear surface, f
orming a new modified layer.
Forming of XADO layer on the friction surface
Results of ferrographic analysis of laboratory oil sample in the friction machine
XADO compound is added to oil. Wear intensity, it is defined acc
ording to iron content in oil.
Photos of oil samples in the friction machine containing iron partic
les
03-12
03-24
03-36
03-60
03-48
Bewick State registration number№ H68675
After the first 450 km run the sample of oil was taken for analysis of iron content and XADO revitalizant for gasoline engines was added. Then the samples were taken after 600 km;1600 km, 3600 km and 6600 km run.
Below you can see the photos of corresponding samples: H68675-450, H68675-600,H68675-1600,H68675-3600; H68675-6600
Oil volume of each sample –1 ml.
FerrograpHic Analysis Results（H68675）
Sample Number H68675-
450
H68675-
600
H68675-
1600
H68675-
3600
H68675-
6600
Distance run (km) 450 600 1600 3600 6600
Quantity of large
particles DL 21.9 43.0 41.6 23.7 17.0
Quantity of small particles,
D S 12.1 31.1 27.1 9.4 8.5
Is=DL(DL-DS) 214.62 511.7 603.2 338.91 144.5
0 1000200030004000500060007000100
200
300
400
500
600
Is
running distance / km
450
600
1600
3600
6600
Relation between inte
nsity of H68675 engi
ne wear and the dista
nce run
Photos of H68675
engine oil samples
450
600
6600
3600
1600
Scan of the surface of 12V-90 engine cylinder with XADO layer
Stages of restoring with XADO compounds
1. Superfitting 2. Energy activity of XADO particles 3. Adhesion of particles to the friction surface 4. Diffusion of XADO particles to the surface layer 5. Filling-in of micro roughnesses and formation o
f the metalloceramics layer
Scheme of formation of XADO coating on friction surfaces
XADO metalloceramics layerXADO metalloceramics layer
Main research tasks:
1. To define the principles of XADO technology operation and to determine the test methods.
2. To extend the area of application, constantly improve the technology application methods.
3. To investigate new area of application in order to extend capabilities of traditional treatment of equipment.
4. To analyze and develop constantly XADO technology.
Thank you for your attention!
