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Page 1: Using Genetic Tools to Manage Scottish Salmonid Fish ... · PDF fileResource Management ... Provide insight into potential of genetic basis for management ... -Management plans-Exploitation-Restoration

Using Genetic Tools to Manage Scottish Salmonid Fish Populations

Lessons from Recent studies & Implications for Management

Page 2: Using Genetic Tools to Manage Scottish Salmonid Fish ... · PDF fileResource Management ... Provide insight into potential of genetic basis for management ... -Management plans-Exploitation-Restoration

The big leap forwardThe big leap forward

Loch Feochan StudyLoch Feochan StudyImplications for Implications for

management;management;Genetic AuditsGenetic AuditsAssociated Life historyAssociated Life historyExploitationExploitationHabitat & Water Habitat & Water Resource ManagementResource ManagementRestoration & Farm Restoration & Farm escapes escapes

Page 3: Using Genetic Tools to Manage Scottish Salmonid Fish ... · PDF fileResource Management ... Provide insight into potential of genetic basis for management ... -Management plans-Exploitation-Restoration

Feochan Study Feochan Study Determine stock composition of net Determine stock composition of net fishery fishery Investigate sustainability of the Investigate sustainability of the fisheryfisheryInvestigate stock structures in Nell Investigate stock structures in Nell & Euchar Rivers& Euchar RiversInvestigate stock abundance?Investigate stock abundance?Provide insight into potential of Provide insight into potential of genetic basis for managementgenetic basis for managementProvide Management Advice to Provide Management Advice to local fisherieslocal fisheries

Investigate potential for farm fish Investigate potential for farm fish interbreedinginterbreedingProject partners; AFT, FRS & ASTProject partners; AFT, FRS & AST

Page 4: Using Genetic Tools to Manage Scottish Salmonid Fish ... · PDF fileResource Management ... Provide insight into potential of genetic basis for management ... -Management plans-Exploitation-Restoration

Sampling Sampling ––20052005--0606……....

Lower EucharN = 48 Upper Euchar

N = 47

Mid EucharN = 71

LonanN = 48

Feochan BheagN = 46

Dunach fishery2005 N = 762006 N = 25

NellN = 50

Lower EucharN = 48 Upper Euchar

N = 47

Mid EucharN = 71

LonanN = 48

Feochan BheagN = 46

Dunach fishery2005 N = 762006 N = 25

NellN = 50

• AFT –electrofishing and net sampling

• FRS – Genetic analysis & interpretation

• AST - funding

Page 5: Using Genetic Tools to Manage Scottish Salmonid Fish ... · PDF fileResource Management ... Provide insight into potential of genetic basis for management ... -Management plans-Exploitation-Restoration

Genetic distance measures of absolute levels of differentiation.

3.56

2.17

2.021.92

1.21

2.62

1.82

0.33

1.301.670.70

1.82

2.02

1.30

1.23 3.56

2.17

2.021.92

1.21

2.62

1.82

0.33

1.301.670.70

1.82

2.02

1.30

1.23

Page 6: Using Genetic Tools to Manage Scottish Salmonid Fish ... · PDF fileResource Management ... Provide insight into potential of genetic basis for management ... -Management plans-Exploitation-Restoration

General FindingsGeneral Findings1. Genetic structuring of juveniles - Significant

differences between & within catchments 2. Mechanism - Topographical features; Lochs,

waterfalls & tributaries3. Fishery Exploitation – Fishery is exploiting ALL

parts of both catchments, upstream sites may be more vulnerable.

4. Net catch exploitation – Both Rivers, catch of 100 fish represents 17 to 30% of breeding individuals.

5. Effective population size – estimates of 338-583 salmon in Loch Feochan systems.

6. Detecting farmed escapes – Lack of baseline data on farm populations

Page 7: Using Genetic Tools to Manage Scottish Salmonid Fish ... · PDF fileResource Management ... Provide insight into potential of genetic basis for management ... -Management plans-Exploitation-Restoration

Implications for managementImplications for managementA New level of A New level of

consciousnessconsciousnessInform & focus;Inform & focus;-- Management plansManagement plans-- ExploitationExploitation-- Restoration initiativesRestoration initiatives-- Habitat managementHabitat management-- Conserve diversityConserve diversity-- Enhancement stockingEnhancement stocking-- Target resources Target resources

Page 8: Using Genetic Tools to Manage Scottish Salmonid Fish ... · PDF fileResource Management ... Provide insight into potential of genetic basis for management ... -Management plans-Exploitation-Restoration

Genetic AuditGenetic Audit

6060--100 catchments with 100 catchments with migratory salmonids in Argyllmigratory salmonids in Argyll

PrioritisePrioritise on the basis of ?;on the basis of ?;

Potential diversityPotential diversityFishery valueFishery valueExisting pressuresExisting pressuresAvailable resourcesAvailable resources

Page 9: Using Genetic Tools to Manage Scottish Salmonid Fish ... · PDF fileResource Management ... Provide insight into potential of genetic basis for management ... -Management plans-Exploitation-Restoration

Associated life historyAssociated life historyInvestigate Investigate

characteristics of characteristics of breeding groups;breeding groups;Age at smoltAge at smoltSea ageSea ageAdult return timingAdult return timingMorphologyMorphologyEnvironmental factorsEnvironmental factorsMissing groupsMissing groups

Page 10: Using Genetic Tools to Manage Scottish Salmonid Fish ... · PDF fileResource Management ... Provide insight into potential of genetic basis for management ... -Management plans-Exploitation-Restoration

Control of exploitationControl of exploitationIdentify strong & Identify strong & weak componentsweak componentsControl Control exploitation in exploitation in relation to run relation to run timingtimingSet conservation Set conservation limitslimitsRaise awareness Raise awareness amongst fishersamongst fishers

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

1952

1956

1960

1964

1968

1972

1976

1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

No.

Salm

on &

Gril

se

ArranIslayMullSouth ArgyllLoch FyneKintyreLower LornLinnhe

Page 11: Using Genetic Tools to Manage Scottish Salmonid Fish ... · PDF fileResource Management ... Provide insight into potential of genetic basis for management ... -Management plans-Exploitation-Restoration

Focus Habitat managementFocus Habitat managementUnderstand influence of catchment

characteristicsDegradationReduction Fragmentation

Prevent declinewater resourcesLand use

Better use of available resources

Page 12: Using Genetic Tools to Manage Scottish Salmonid Fish ... · PDF fileResource Management ... Provide insight into potential of genetic basis for management ... -Management plans-Exploitation-Restoration

Restoration ActivitiesRestoration Activities

Inform hatchery intervention Inform hatchery intervention strategies;strategies;Broodfish selectionBroodfish selectionHatchery infrastructureHatchery infrastructureStocking locationsStocking locationsReplicate wild scenarioReplicate wild scenario

Conservation focus;Conservation focus;Support vulnerable Support vulnerable populationspopulationsAvoid inbreeding Avoid inbreeding depressiondepressionReRe--introduce lost introduce lost componentscomponents

Page 13: Using Genetic Tools to Manage Scottish Salmonid Fish ... · PDF fileResource Management ... Provide insight into potential of genetic basis for management ... -Management plans-Exploitation-Restoration

Farm escapes & stockingFarm escapes & stocking

Impacts largely unknown in Scottish contextEcological & genetic Reduction of performance Long term consequences?

Detecting influenceBase-line informationA political will to focus on this issue

Page 14: Using Genetic Tools to Manage Scottish Salmonid Fish ... · PDF fileResource Management ... Provide insight into potential of genetic basis for management ... -Management plans-Exploitation-Restoration

SummarySummaryDemonstration of stock structuring & abundanceImprove & Focus Management of fisheries & habitatsUnderpin management plans & activitiesAvoid further Loss of biodiversity & stock performance from;

over-exploitationHabitat degradationInappropriate stockingInteractions with farm fish


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