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Page 1: Unit 1 Types Of Computers

COMPUTER TYPESCRITERIA OF CLASSIFICATION

HISTORY METHODS OF DEALING WITH DATA GENERATIONS MANUFACTURERS WIDELY ACCEPTED CLASSIFICATION

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TYPES OF COMPUTERSIN HISTORY

• Pre-mechanical computers

• Mechanical computers

• Electronic computers

• Optical computers

• Biological computers

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Pre-mechanical computers

• an example of a computer with no moving parts

• transforms information about stellar and planetary positions into information about important dates and events (harvests, etc.) Stonehenge

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Mechanical computers

early designs for more traditional computers - based on mechanical techniques.

Slide rule

Abacus

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Electronic computers

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Optical computers

• current research in computer architecture includes much work on the design of computers which use light beams to perform computation; these machines should be smaller, faster and cooler than current electronic machines

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Biological computers

• computers based on DNA: problems are encoded on strands of DNA which are mixed in solution and react to form DNA-coded answers

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COMPUTER TYPESCRITERIA OF CLASSIFICATION

HISTORYTWO BASIC KINDSGENERATIONSMANUFACTURERSWIDELY ACCEPTED CLASSIFICATION

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ANALOG COMPUTER

1. Analog computers measure the continuous change in something

– Current in a wire – Movement of the tide – Rate at which a wheel turns

2. More complicated to build than digital computers

3. Analog computers are very rare today

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DIGITAL COMPUTERS

1. Use discrete numbers (whole digits) to control the electrical circuits

2. Built of switches that are either on or off – Can not have values in-between 0 or 1 like the

analog computer – 1 turns the switch on – 0 turns the switch off

3. Almost all computers built today are digital computers

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COMPUTER TYPESCRITERIA OF CLASSIFICATION

HISTORYTWO BASIC KINDSGENERATIONSMANUFACTURERSWIDELY ACCEPTED CLASSIFICATION

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First Generation - Vacuum Tubes

1. From 1946 to 1956 • did from 2,000 to 16,000 additions per

second • Had main memory 100 bytes to 2 kilobytes

2. Used vacuum tubes

3. Very large machines • special rooms to house them with air

conditioning • specially trained technicians to run &

maintain

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Second Generation - Transistors

1. From 1959 to around 1965

2. Smaller, faster, and more reliable used transistors 6,000 to 3,000,000 operations/s main memory 6 kilobytes to 1.3 megabytes Contained in four cabinets about 6 feet high

by 4 feet wide, each weighing 250 pounds

3. one-tenth the price of a 1st Generation

4. become common in larger businesses and universities

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Third Generation - Integrated Circuits

1. Form 1965 to around 1972 2. Used integrated circuits – many transistors

on one piece of silicon 3. Smaller, faster, more reliable, and lower in

price – Size of a stove or refrigerator, some can fit on

desktops – Can do 100,000 to 400,000,000 operations per

second – Cost about one-tenth the amount of second

generation computers

4. Computers become very common in medium to large businesses

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Fourth Generation - Microprocessors

1. From 1972 until now 2. Used large scale to very large scale integrated circuits

– Put more than one IC on a silicon chip – Can do more than one function

3. smaller, faster, more reliable, and lower in price – Size of a television or much smaller – Can do 500,000 to 1,000,000,000 operations/second

– Cost one-tenth, or less, the amount of third generation 4. very common in homes and business

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Future Computer Generations

1. Most likely the following will happen to computer technology

– It will become lower in price – Computers will become smaller and faster – Computers will have larger memories and

more storage space

2. Computers will become an integral part of everyone's life

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HISTORYTWO BASIC KINDSGENERATIONSMANUFACTURERSWIDELY ACCEPTED CLASSIFICATION

COMPUTER TYPESCRITERIA OF CLASSIFICATION

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COMPUTER TYPESCRITERIA OF CLASSIFICATION

HISTORYTWO BASIC KINDSGENERATIONMANUFACTURERWIDELY ACCEPTED CLASSIFICATION

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WIDELY ACCEPTED WAYS

• SIZE (Early days): mainframe, minicomputer, microcomputer.

• SIZE (Now): Floortop, Desktop, Laptop, Palmtop, Wearable.

• POWER: Supercomputer, server, enterprise server (mainframe), mid-range server (minicomputer), PC.

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PC

• computer designed for general use by a single person.

• PCs were first known as microcomputers because they were a complete computer but built on a smaller scale than the huge systems in use by most businesses.

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DESKTOP

• A PC that is not designed for portability.

• you will set the computer up in a permanent location.

• Most desktops offer more power, storage and versatility for less cost than their portable brethren.

                                                             

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Laptop

• Also called notebooks.• Laptop are portable computers that

integrate the display, keyboard, a pointing device or trackball, processor, memory and hard drive all in a battery-operated package slightly larger than an average hardcover book.

                                        

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Palmtop

• More commonly known as Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)

• palmtops are tightly integrated computers that often use flash memory instead of a hard drive for storage.

• usually do not have keyboards but rely on touchscreen technology for user input.

• A slightly larger and heavier version of the palmtop is the handheld computer.

                                 

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Workstation

• A desktop computer that has a more powerful processor, additional memory and enhanced capabilities for performing a special group of task, such as 3D Graphics or game development.

                                                                  

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Server

• A computer that has been optimized to provide services to other computers over a network.

• Servers usually have powerful processors, lots of memory and large hard drives.

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Mainframe

• In the early days of computing, mainframes were huge computers that could fill an entire room or even a whole floor!

• the term mainframe has fallen out of use in favor of enterprise server.

• the term still used, particularly in large companies to describe the huge machines processing millions of transactions every day.

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Minicomputer

• term rarely used anymore, minicomputers fall in between microcomputers (PCs) and mainframes (enterprise servers).

• Minicomputers are normally referred to as mid-range servers now.

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Supercomputer

• Costs hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars.

• Most are comprised of multiple high performance computers working in parallel as a single system.

• Used for military purposes or in large companies

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Wearable

• The latest trend in computing

• Essentially, common computer applications (e-mail, database, multimedia, calendar/scheduler) are integrated into watches, cell phones, visors and even clothing!


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