Tomato Pomace – An alternative feed

for poultry

Pathakamuri kavitha, J.V.Ramana

Department of Animal Nutrition

College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati

� Feed cost accounts for 70-75 % of total cost of production.

� Availability and cost of feed ingradients for poultry diets are the major problems, has prompted the need for seeking other feed resources, especially agricultural and industrial by-products.

� In India a shortage of 25% concentrates constituting 32% of protein requirement has been estimated (FAO,2013).

� The wastes from fruit and vegetable industry can be used as a potential source of newer cheap feed resources.

� Tomato is one of the most important protective food crops of India. It is grown in 0.879 M ha area with 18.227 M MT production and 20.7 MT/ha productivity.

� The major tomato producing states are Bihar, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa,

Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal.

� 29% of total national production is from Andhra Pradesh.

Tomato Production in India

(Source: Indian horticultural data base-2013)

Year Area

(‘000 HA)

% of total

veg. area

Production

(‘000 MT)

% of total

veg.

production

Productivity

(MT/HA)

2001-02 458.1 7.4 7462.3 8.0 16.3

2002-03 478.8 7.9 7616.7 9.0 15.9

2003-04 502.8 8.0 8125.6 8.7 16.2

2004-05 505.4 7.5 8825.4 8.7 17.5

2005-06 546.1 7.6 9820.4 8.9 18.0

2006-07 596.0 7.9 10055.0 8.7 16.9

2007-08 566.0 7.2 10303.0 8.0 18.2

2008-09 599.0 7.5 11149.0 8.6 18.6

2009-10 634.4 7.9 12433.2 9.3 19.6

2010-11 865.0 10.2 16826.0 11.5 19.5

2011-12 907.1 10.1 18653.3 11.9 20.6

2012-13 879.6 9.6 18226.6 11.2 20.7

Tomato Production(‘000MT) Trend in India

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

Source: Indian Horticulture data base-2013

State wise production(‘000MT) of Tomato in India

State 2012-13

Andhra Pradesh 5218.1

Karnataka 1916.6

Madhya Pradesh 1845.0

Odisha 1382.78

Gujarat 1156.72

Bihar 1126.25

West Bengal 1125.6

Maharashtra 1050.0

Chhattisgarh 762.22

Himachal Pradesh 413.71

Others 2229.7

Total 18226.6

Andhra Pradesh

29%

Karnataka

11%

Madhya Pradesh

10%Odisha

8%

Gujarat

6%

Bihar

6%

West Bengal

6%

Maharashtra

6%

Chattisgarh

4%

Himachal

Pradesh

2%

Others

12%

Tomato Production('000 MT)

Tomato Pomace� The tomato pomace is a by-product obtained from the

processing of tomatoes for concentrated paste, juice,

puree, sauce and ketchup. The solid waste which remains

after extraction process consists of peels, cores, seeds,

trimmings and cull tomatoes.

� About 2% of tomatoes are processed for value added

products in India. When tomatoes are processed into

products, 10% to 30% of their weight becomes waste or

“pomace”.

� According to Safamehr et al(2011 )tomato pomace

contains 90% DM, 8.1% fat, 19.68% protein and 29.75%

crude fiber. Moreover, it contains 13% more lysine than

soybean protein (AL-Betawi, 2005), a good source of

vitamin B, fair source of vitamin A and no known

antinutritive factors, and 2130 kcal/kg metabolizable

energy (NRC, 1988).

Chemical composition of DTP

Nutrient DTP

Dry Matter (DM) 89.56

Organic Matter (OM) 90.99

Crude Protein (CP) 22.39

Ether Extract (EE) 12.23

Crude Fibre (CF) 40.10

Total Ash (TA) 9.01

Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE) 16.27

Acid Insoluble Ash (AIA) 3.63

Calcium (Ca) 0.56

Phosphorus (P) 0.48

*On dry matter basis except for DM

Ingredient composition (%) of broiler starter diets (BIS,1992)

Ingradient T1&T2 T3 & T4 T5 & T6 T7 & T8

Maize 52 51 49.5 48

Dried tomato pomace 0 5 10 15

Soybean meal 30 28 26 24

Fish meal 10 10 10 10

Mineral mixture with salt 3 3 3 3

Saw dust 5 3 1.5 0

Feed additives + + + +

Total 100 100 100 100

Chemical composition* (%) of broiler starter diets

Constituents T1&T2 T3 & T4 T5 & T6 T7 & T8

Dry matter 90.96 90.49 90.37 90.25

Organic matter 89.74 89.55 89.23 89.20

Crude protein 23.25 23.53 23.46 23.62

Ether extract 1.86 2.31 2.92 3.46

Crude fibre 6.81 7.43 8.36 9.21

Total ash 10.26 10.45 10.77 10.80

Nitrogen free

extract

57.82 56.28 54.49 52.91

Acid insoluble

ash

3.07 3.11 3.19 3.14

ME kcal / kg

(calculated)

2712 2733 2738 2744

Protein : Energy

ratio

1 : 116 1 : 116 1 : 116 1 : 116

Calcium 1.67 1.70 1.69 1.69

Phosphorus 1.02 1.04 1.01 1.00

Ingredient composition (%) of

broiler finisher diets

Ingradient T1&T2 T3 & T4 T5 & T6 T7 & T8

Maize 61 59.5 58 56.5

Dried tomato

pomace

0 5 10 15

Soybean meal 21.5 19.5 17.5 15.5

Fish meal 10 10 10 10

Mineral

mixture with

salt

3 3 3 3

Saw dust 4.5 3 1.5 0

* Feed

additives

+ + + +

Total 100 100 100 100

Chemical composition* (%) of broiler finisher

dietsConstituents T1&T2 T3 & T4 T5 & T6 T7 & T8

Dry matter 90.38 90.43 90.47 90.45

Organic

matter

90.27 90.08 89.95 89.79

Crude protein 20.28 20.33 20.32 20.34

Ether extract 1.81 2.56 3.01 3.55

Crude fibre 6.37 6.99 8.01 8.91

Total ash 9.73 9.92 10.05 10.21

Nitrogen free

extract

61.81 60.20 58.61 56.99

Acid insoluble

ash

3.04 3.14 3.18 3.15

ME kcal / kg

(calculated)

2781 2786 2791 2796

Protein :

Energy ratio

1 : 137 1 : 137 1 : 137 1 : 137

Calcium 1.66 1.67 1.67 1.66

Phosphorus 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.98

Composition of Polyzyme

Name of the enzyme IU / gm

Xylanase : 8000

Phytase : 100

Cellulase : 35

Beta glucanase : 150

Pectinase : 100

Alpha – amylase : 1500

Protease : 500

Alpha-galactosidase : 800

Beta-galactosidase : 450

Effect of level of DTP inclusion in

broiler diets with or without enzyme

supplementation on average body weight

gain (g)

1680

1700

1720

1740

1760

1780

1800

1820

1840

1860

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8

Body weight(g)

Body weight(g)

Effect of inclusion of different levels

of DTP on body weight gain of broilers

1720

1730

1740

1750

1760

1770

1780

1790

1800

1810

0% DTP 5% DTP 10%DTP 15% DTP

Body weight(g)

Effect of level of DTP inclusion in

broiler diets with or without enzyme

supplementation on feed intake (g)

3400

3450

3500

3550

3600

3650

3700

3750

3800

3850

3900

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8

Feed intake (g)

Feed intake (g)

Effect of inclusion of different levels of DTP

on feed intake(g) of broilers

3661.4 3665.43

3697.6

3803.76

3550

3600

3650

3700

3750

3800

3850

0% DTP 5% DTP 10% DTP 15% DTP

Feed intake (g)

Feed intake

Effect of level of DTP inclusion in broiler diets

with or without enzyme supplementation on feed

efficiency

1.96

1.98

2

2.02

2.04

2.06

2.08

2.1

2.12

2.14

2.16

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8

Feed intake/Kg gain

Feed intake/Kg gain

Effect of inclusion of different levels

of DTP on feed intake/kg gain in broilers

broilers

2.06

2.04

2.11

2.14

1.98

2

2.02

2.04

2.06

2.08

2.1

2.12

2.14

2.16

0% DTP 5% DTP 10% DTP 15% DTP

Effect of level of DTP inclusion in broiler diets with or

without enzyme supplementation on level of serum

triglycerides and serum cholesterol

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8

Serum Triglycerides

Serum Cholesterol

Effect of inclusion of different levels of DTP on the

level of serum triglycerides and serum cholesterol

145.94

149.79

159.2

170.33

163.41

160.75

156.2154.43

130

135

140

145

150

155

160

165

170

175

0% DTP 5% DTP 10% DTP 15% DTP

Serum Triglycerides (mg/dl)

Serum Cholesterol (mg/dl)

Effect of level of DTP inclusion in broiler

diets with or without enzyme supplementation

on LDL-C (mg/dl)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8

LDL-C

LDL-C

Effect of inclusion of different levels of DTP

on the level of serum LDL-C

30.76

27.6

23.96

20.51

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0% DTP 5% DTP 10% DTP 15% DTP

LDL-C mg/dl

Effect of level of DTP inclusion in broiler

diets with or without enzyme supplementation on

breast muscle cholesterol (mg/100g of meat)

52.58

59.33

50.91

57.07

49.77

54.54

41.15

50.98

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8

Effect of level of DTP inclusion in broiler

diets on breast muscle cholesterol (mg/100g of

meat)

55.9653.99

52.15

46.07

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0% DTP 5% DTP 10% DTP 15% DTP

Effect of level of DTP inclusion in

broiler diets on thigh muscle cholesterol

(mg/100g of meat)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0% DTP5% DTP

10% DTP15% DTP

136.78

116.54114.19

108.86

Effect of level of DTP inclusion in broiler

diets on Feed cost/kg gain

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8

Feed cost(Rs.)/kg gain

Feed cost(Rs.)/kg gain

THANK YOU

� Veysel Ayhan and Sedat Aktan (2004) suggested that DTP can be used as a feed ingradient in broiler ration with a level of 5%.

� Melkamu Bezabih Yitbarek (2012) reported that weight gain and feed efficiency are higher at 5% DTP inclusion in Rhode Island Red grower chicks.

� Safamehr.et al .,2011 included DTP at 0,4,8 & 12 % levels with and without enzyme supplementation in layer rations and observed decreased serum cholesterol but had no effect on yolk cholesterol with increase in the DTP level and the better performance was observed at 8% level of inclusion. Enzyme supplementation increased egg weight, but did not affected the egg production.

� Jafari et al(2006) and Mansoori et al (2008) reported

that feeding laying hens with diets containing DTP

at inclusion rates upto 120g/kg did not effect egg

production, food consumption and efficiency of the

hen as well as egg weight and shell thickness.

� Md.Hamed Salajegheh et al (2012) reported DTP

inclusion caused a significant increase in mean HDL

cholesterol and decrease in serum LDL cholesterol

content.