The War for IndependenceThe War for Independence

British and American British and American StrengthsStrengths

First Shot FiredFirst Shot Fired

IndependenceIndependence

WarWar

Peace TreatyPeace Treaty

Going into the WarGoing into the War

1/3 Patriots, 1/3 Loyalists, 1/3 neutral.1/3 Patriots, 1/3 Loyalists, 1/3 neutral.

• British advantages: They were the super British advantages: They were the super – Power of the world, the richest, strongest. Power of the world, the richest, strongest.

Large experienced military and navy, 9 mLarge experienced military and navy, 9 m– Pop to 3.5.Pop to 3.5.

• American Advantages: Home field (know American Advantages: Home field (know – Land, supply chain easier, fight harder). GWLand, supply chain easier, fight harder). GW– Used Fabian tactics, just stay alive. More Used Fabian tactics, just stay alive. More – Motivated, better leadership. Motivated, better leadership.

““Shot heard around the Shot heard around the World”World”• First Continental Congress: called for an First Continental Congress: called for an

– End of the Intolerable Acts, boycott End of the Intolerable Acts, boycott (Commission).(Commission).

• Lexington and Concord: Parliament votesLexington and Concord: Parliament votes– For a show of strength. Gage attacks armory.For a show of strength. Gage attacks armory.– Paul Revere. “Minute Men.” Britain retreats.Paul Revere. “Minute Men.” Britain retreats.

• Bunker Hill: “wait until you see the whitesBunker Hill: “wait until you see the whites– Of their eyes.” Americans fight hard, butOf their eyes.” Americans fight hard, but– Run out of ammunition. This is a real war. Run out of ammunition. This is a real war.

Lexington: first shots, 8 Lexington: first shots, 8 deaddead

Bunker and Breed’s HillBunker and Breed’s Hill

IndependenceIndependence

• Tom Paine: Common Sense: 150,000 Tom Paine: Common Sense: 150,000 sold.sold.– Attacked king, called for independenceAttacked king, called for independence

• Second Continental Congress: Adams,Second Continental Congress: Adams,– GW, TJ, Hancock, Patrick Henry, Franklin, GW, TJ, Hancock, Patrick Henry, Franklin, – 1) GW head of Continental Army, 2) money1) GW head of Continental Army, 2) money

• Declaration of Independence (7/4/76)Declaration of Independence (7/4/76)– Jefferson (1Jefferson (1stst draft), Adams, and Franklin draft), Adams, and Franklin– 1) Natural Rights, Locke1) Natural Rights, Locke– 2) List of grievances against the King. 2) List of grievances against the King. – 3) Ideas nation strives for. “promissory 3) Ideas nation strives for. “promissory

note.”note.”

Washington takes commandWashington takes command

Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

Revolution(1776-1781)Revolution(1776-1781)• GW: building a regular army, SteubenGW: building a regular army, Steuben

• Battle at Long Island (Aug.27, 1776)Battle at Long Island (Aug.27, 1776)

• Trenton and Princeton: surprise attacksTrenton and Princeton: surprise attacks

• Britain three pronged strategy: Britain three pronged strategy: BorgoyneBorgoyne– Push down from Lake Champlain, St. LegerPush down from Lake Champlain, St. Leger– Come across from Lake Ontario, HoweCome across from Lake Ontario, Howe– Up Hudson, but he goes to Philadelphia.Up Hudson, but he goes to Philadelphia.

• Battle at Saratoga (Oct.17, 1777) ArnoldBattle at Saratoga (Oct.17, 1777) Arnold– Gates. Big victory for Patriots. France and Gates. Big victory for Patriots. France and

America make a treaty. Franklin in Paris. America make a treaty. Franklin in Paris.

Battle at TrentonBattle at Trenton

Battle at SaratogaBattle at Saratoga

War endsWar ends

• Howe Defeats GW at PhiladelphiaHowe Defeats GW at Philadelphia• Valley Forge: cold winterValley Forge: cold winter

• Southern Strategy: Britain goes south,Southern Strategy: Britain goes south,– Offers to free the slaves, more Loyalists,Offers to free the slaves, more Loyalists,– Guerrilla war, Charlestown, Nathaniel Green. Guerrilla war, Charlestown, Nathaniel Green.

• Yorktown (Oct.17, 1780). CornwallisYorktown (Oct.17, 1780). Cornwallis– Trapped on Virginia peninsula. GW swarms Trapped on Virginia peninsula. GW swarms – In from all direction. French navy. Surrender. In from all direction. French navy. Surrender.

Valley ForgeValley Forge

Peace of ParisPeace of Paris

• Franklin diplomat in ParisFranklin diplomat in Paris

• 1) America recognized as a nation1) America recognized as a nation

• 2) Borders: Canada, Mississippi, 2) Borders: Canada, Mississippi, FloridaFlorida

• 3) Britain agreed to withdraw troops3) Britain agreed to withdraw troops

• 4) America agreed to pay loyalists4) America agreed to pay loyalists– ““earnestly recommended.” 100,000earnestly recommended.” 100,000– Loyalists left the country, tried to sue. Loyalists left the country, tried to sue.

• 5) America will pay all pre-war debts5) America will pay all pre-war debts