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Page 1: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards

Taxonomic and Taxonomic and Community Community

Classification Classification Resources and Resources and

StandardsStandards

Robert K. PeetRobert K. PeetUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel University of North Carolina at Chapel

HillHill

Page 2: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards

Beware of dangerously obsolete Beware of dangerously obsolete standardsstandards

A.E. Radford, C.R.Bell. H.Ahles. 1968. A.E. Radford, C.R.Bell. H.Ahles. 1968. Manual of the vascular flora of the Manual of the vascular flora of the CarolinasCarolinas. .

J.K. Small. 1933. J.K. Small. 1933. Manual of the Manual of the southeastern florasoutheastern flora..

Resources for plant namesResources for plant names

Page 3: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards

Why we need to use new Why we need to use new floras and new resourcesfloras and new resources

• New names New names • New taxon concepts (lumps & splits)New taxon concepts (lumps & splits)• New discoveriesNew discoveries• Taxa new to scienceTaxa new to science• New collections & overlooked New collections & overlooked collectionscollections• New data sources (Plots, Heritage New data sources (Plots, Heritage lists)lists)• New determinationsNew determinations

Page 4: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards

Our preferred standard! Our preferred standard!

Alan S.Weakley. 2006 (or subsequent Alan S.Weakley. 2006 (or subsequent eds). eds). Flora of the Carolinas,Virginia, Flora of the Carolinas,Virginia, Georgia, and surrounding areasGeorgia, and surrounding areas. . http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm

Resources for plant names

Page 5: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards

Other modern standards: Other modern standards:

USDA Plants databaseUSDA Plants databasehttp://plants.usda.gov/

Flora of North America Flora of North America http://hua.huh.harvard.edu/FNA/

Resources for plant names

Page 6: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards

• Data integration requires Data integration requires unambiguous identification of unambiguous identification of organisms.organisms.

• Taxonomic names are ambiguous. Taxonomic names are ambiguous.

• Taxonomic concepts should be Taxonomic concepts should be represented by a name and a represented by a name and a reference.reference.

• Single largest impediment to large-Single largest impediment to large-scale synthesis in ecology is the scale synthesis in ecology is the failure to document taxonomic failure to document taxonomic concepts.concepts.

Species concepts & data

Page 7: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards

Abies lasiocarpa

Abies bifolia

Abies lasiocarpa

sec.sec. Little Littlesec.sec. USDA PLANTS USDA PLANTS

sec.sec. Flora North America Flora North America

Three concepts of subalpine Three concepts of subalpine firfir

Splitting one species into two Splitting one species into two illustrates the ambiguity often illustrates the ambiguity often associated with scientific names.associated with scientific names.

Page 8: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards

USDA Plants & ITIS

Abies lasiocarpa

var. lasiocarpa

var. arizonica

What are the fir trees of the West?

Page 9: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards

Flora North America

Abies lasiocarpa

Abies bifolia

What is Abies lasiocarpa?

Partnership with USDA plants to provide plant concepts for data integration

Page 10: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards

High-elevation fir trees of High-elevation fir trees of western North Americawestern North America

AZ NM CO WY MT AB eBC wBC WA OR

Abies lasiocarpa

var. arizonica

Abies lasiocarpa var. lasiocarpa

Distribution

USDA - ITIS

Flora North America

Abies bifolia Abies lasiocarpa

Minimal concepts

A B C

Page 11: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards

Which species occur with Which species occur with Andropogon glomeratus?Andropogon glomeratus?

• Record dataRecord data• Find dataFind data• Merge dataMerge data

Page 12: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards

Taxonomic headachesTaxonomic headaches The The Andropogon virginicusAndropogon virginicus complex in Carolina has complex in Carolina has between 1 and 9 taxa, with 17 different concepts between 1 and 9 taxa, with 17 different concepts variously applied by 8 important authors.variously applied by 8 important authors.

Page 13: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards

The challenge:The challenge:• Few large-scale compilations of Few large-scale compilations of concepts and their relationships are concepts and their relationships are available.available.

The good news:The good news: • Multiple organizations are Multiple organizations are developing tools for concept use developing tools for concept use and integration. and integration.

• The greatest progress has been The greatest progress has been made here in the Southeastmade here in the Southeast

Page 14: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards

Toward a new AtlasToward a new Atlas

Carya carolinae-septentrionalisCarya carolinae-septentrionalis, Radford et al. , Radford et al. 19681968

How to How to integrate integrate new new sources of sources of data??data??

http://herbarium.unc.edu/seflora/firstviewer.htm

Page 15: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards

Add dynamic access to NCU Add dynamic access to NCU collectioncollection

Carya carolinae-Carya carolinae-septentrionalisseptentrionalis

NCUNCU

RABRAB

Page 16: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards

Carya carolinae-Carya carolinae-septentrionalisseptentrionalis

NCUNCU

RABRAB

USDAUSDA

CVSCVS

Add USDA PLANTS records & Add USDA PLANTS records & CVS vegetation plot dataCVS vegetation plot data

Page 17: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards

But wait !!But wait !!There is a concept issueThere is a concept issue

• According to Radford 1968, USDA According to Radford 1968, USDA PLANTS v 4.0, & Weakley 2006PLANTS v 4.0, & Weakley 2006– Carya carolinae-septentrionalisCarya carolinae-septentrionalis– Carya ovataCarya ovata

• According to Stone 1997 in According to Stone 1997 in Flora of Flora of North America.North America.– Carya ovata var australisCarya ovata var australis– Carya ovata var. ovataCarya ovata var. ovata

Page 18: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards
Page 19: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards

Carya carolinae-septentrionalisCarya carolinae-septentrionalis

Some nominal occurrences might Some nominal occurrences might or or might notmight not represent the taxon represent the taxon

Page 20: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards

Community types with the Community types with the conceptconcept

Page 21: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards

Resources for Resources for community compositioncommunity composition

• Carolina Vegetation Survey website Carolina Vegetation Survey website http://cvs.bio.unc.edu/ http://cvs.bio.unc.edu/

• Mike Schafale & Alan Weakley. 1990. Mike Schafale & Alan Weakley. 1990. Classification of the natural Classification of the natural communities of North Carolina. Third communities of North Carolina. Third approximation. approximation. http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/Other%20Publications/class.pdf

• U.S. National Vegetation Classification U.S. National Vegetation Classification (NVC; see below)(NVC; see below)

Page 22: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards
Page 23: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards

T

NatureServe Explorer – current home of the NatureServe Explorer – current home of the NVCNVC

Page 24: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards

TCommunity descriptions with links to Community descriptions with links to

VegBankVegBank

Page 25: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards

www.vegbank.org

Page 26: Taxonomic and Community Classification Resources and Standards

LinksLinksCarolina Vegetation SurveyCarolina Vegetation Survey

http://cvs.unc.edu

Weakley floraWeakley florahttp://herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm

NCU Atlas of the SE floraNCU Atlas of the SE florahttp://herbarium.unc.edu/seflora/firstviewer.htm

ThanksThanks EEP, NSF (SEEK, VegBank), NC Bot. GardenEEP, NSF (SEEK, VegBank), NC Bot. Garden


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