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    CONTENTS

    INTRODUCTION

    PRELIMINARIES

    THE GRIP

    FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS

    STANCE

    OFF THE TABLE PRACTICES

    ON THE TABLE PRACTICES

    SERVICE

    TYPE OF SERVICE

    PUSH SHOTS

    COUNTER SHOTS

    DRIVE

    EFFECTIVE TRAINING REGIME

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    INTRODUCTION

    Table Tennis is an educational process demanding psychological

    and physiological attributes. Many players never reach their true

    potential because the aim of this project is to teach players how to

    control the ball properly so that they can place it to whichever part of the

    table they wish at the speed which they intend and with the correct spin

    imparted.

    The basic training there are two reasons why the game is played,

    competitive and social. These are connected but, as everyone respects

    ability, those who play for social reasons will naturally wish to be the

    best players in their circle (home or club) whilst those who are of a

    competitive turn of mind will aim at the top class of play.

    This project has been divided into chapters which deal with

    individual phases of the game and which later, link there phases into a

    whole playing technique. Each stroke is broken down analyzed and built

    up completely variation in method of playing a stroke for various lengths,

    heights and positions are given in detail. Tactics play a big part in the

    game and I have given a great deal of space to this side of the art of

    winning at table tennis.

    The chapter on the history of the game and the appendix on record

    will be of value to those who enjoy statistics of the 'big time' game whilst

    the game remains basically the same, players are always looking forbetter way of playing, officials are trying to improve the rules, umpires

    are finding small points which requires classification -all signs of a

    healthy sports.

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    The late AJ. Wilmott said that table tennis was ten percent ability

    and ninety percent concentration like all generalizations, this is not

    entirely correct but it does stress the truth of the old aged that if a thing

    is worth doing it is worth doing well. Approach the game in this spiritand you will find that you get the maximum amount of enjoyment out of

    it.

    Ideals and Aims

    The full value of table tennis can only be defined by comparison

    with other sports and in relation to general questions as to the meaning

    of the sport.

    In this connection one must also consider the results in the

    physical and psychological fields. A clear definition of these can indeed

    assist the playing performance in this game. The meaning of any sport

    can be recognized in its conventions, which in table tennis are quite

    direct and simple:

    The ball must be struck with the bat, over an obstacle, into the

    opponent's court (half - table).

    The physical and psychological demands which must be mastered

    to achieve this simple project, provide the fascination of table tennis.

    For instance, we must make decisions in split - seconds only:

    To play forehand or backhandTo give the ball topspin, backspin or sidespinTo play short or long, hard or softTo play a particular type of stroke Which direction to play to

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    When we reflect that in addition to all this, each on - coming ball

    poses a wealth of problems to us, we can realize how the continual

    development of our physical and mental controls is involved.

    The physical improvement will be manifest in the fields of : -

    Power Dexterity Speed Stamina Flexibility

    Not to mention a general feeling of well - being and confidence. As

    for the mental side, the rules and tactical variations in table tennis

    provide great scope for personal talents.

    Power of decision, adaptation, will power, concentration, the

    courage to take a calculated risk, will all be developed by this game. In

    the purely medical sense, table tennis has also proved its worth as a

    medium of prevention and rehabilitation.

    Finally, table tennis offers us a speedy fulfillment of the play urge

    which is in all of us, thanks to the ease and accessibility of practice

    opportunities. Our object, therefore, is to enable as many people as

    possible to sample the game, so that everyone may have the opportunity:

    To gain strength physically and mentally, while enjoyingthemselves

    To employ their leisure fruitfullyTo realize their motivation - potential, e.g. to become a casual or a

    competitive player

    To use table tennis for preventative exercise or rehabilitation

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    NEED AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

    The basic training in the initial stages is the most important phase

    of training planning. In this stage the coach has to pay extra attention

    because of the psycho - physical status of the child without having a

    proper planning of child's training we cannot think of an international

    player. In fact this phase of training decides the future of the sportsman

    or we can say that if the base is not good than we cannot think of

    making a big building over a weak base. The study also emphases on the

    role of parents that how parents can help their child in making him a

    good player. This is the only stage when before starting the coachingprogramme a coach have to consider all aspects like socials, economical,

    physical mantel etc. Once the child is put on the right track then it is not

    much difficult to take him to the target. So in the process of making and

    international player, the need and significance of child's training cannot

    be imagined.

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    PRELIMINARIES

    Before we start our elementary practice, some important tipsshould be borne in mind.

    Correct each other mutually Praise your partner when his action or performance of an exercise

    is good

    Never reproach your partner; rather, point out his mistake quietly Don't carry on playing when you are having an "off day" and are no

    longer enjoying it

    Do not be disappointed if you have a period of "marking time".Improvement often only comes in spasms

    Divide your available playing time 50% warming-up play andtraining; drills; 50% types of match-play

    Carry out scrupulously all training drills and At all times follow the advice given in the chapter "Basic Training".

    THE GRIP

    The bat should be regarded as an "extension of your hand" or an

    "addition to your physical equipment".

    Therefore a correct and practical grip is of prime importance.

    The two different types of grip are: Shake -hands grip and

    penholder grip

    SHAKE-HANDS GRIP

    Widely used in Europe and most other Continents except for

    Eastern Asia. As Europe gave birth to the game, this grip is also known

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    as the "European Grip". (See picture) The beginner should try this grip

    first.

    TECHNIQUE

    1.Take the handle as though to shake hands with the bat.2. Allow forefinger and thumb to lie close to the lower edge of the bat.

    The face of the bat touched by the forefinger is known the

    "Backhand" side, (as shown in fig. 2) and the face touched by the

    thumb is known as the "Forehand" side.(as shown in fig.1)

    3. With your other 3 fingers, grasp the handle.Important Do not bend the wrist.

    FAULTS AND THEIR CORRECTION

    1.The bat handle lying "askew" in your hand, i.e. with a gap betweenblade and (either) your thumb or forefinger. Advice Place thumb

    and forefinger flush to the face of the blade.

    2. Holding the bat too tightly or too loosely. Advice It should beimpossible for the handle to twist in your hand, even during the

    fiercest stroke action. Thumb and forefinger tending to lie towards

    the centre of the blade.

    3. Advice Drive a small nail or tack into the blade so that the fingerand thumbs remain below the nail. The "barrier" can be removed

    when the correct grip has become "grooved in".

    PENHOLDER GRIP

    The Orientals prefer this grip-style, this being attributed to their

    different way of life and different habits of muscular movement (for

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    instance, eating with chopsticks). The majority of Asians hold the bat in

    this way: however, it is only suitable for attackers.

    TECHNIQUE

    1. Pick up the bat like a pen or pencil.2.Thumb and forefinger enclose the handle (forehand side) (as shown

    in fig.3)

    3. Remaining three fingers rest against the non-playing surface. (asshown in fig.4)

    FAULTS AND THEIR CORRECTION

    1. Finger and thumbs too far apart. Hint:- Finger and thumbs shouldalmost touch each other.

    2.The three remaining fingers lie on the blade. Hint:- Support the batblade with the finger tips.

    When all is said and done about the "pros and cons" of the two

    main styles, the Shake-hands Grip can be considered as basically

    superior. Only dynamic and powerful players should experiment with

    "Penholder" The basic advantage of the Shake -hands Grip is that it

    allows an easy two-sided technique. (Forehand and backhand) whereas

    Penholder players, with very few exceptions, are confined to the forehand

    side of the bat.

    IMPORTANT NOTES

    Study correct grip right from your earliest days If you have held the bat some other way for a long time, you will

    inevitably have built in some sources of error. Here probably is the

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    TECHNIQUE (OF BASIC STANCE)

    1.Three angles should be seen in the body position. At the knees, thehips and the elbows.

    2. Feet about parallel to base-line, shoulder-width apart, toes pointingoutwards - 0 -3m (12ins) to 0.5m (20ins) apart. Depending upon

    the height of player.

    3. Playing Arm the forearm should be roughly horizontal, the upperarm roughly vertical.

    4.The forearm should be in typical backhand position in front of thebody.

    5. Weight completely balanced on the balls of the feet.6.The thighs should tend to point slightly inwards.

    FAULTS AND THEIR CORRECTIONS

    1. Stance too upright. Advice:- Bend the knees to improve elasticity ofthe whole stance.

    2. Weight too solidly on the soles of the feet, or even on the heels.Advice:- Hold your trunk more forward.

    3. Forearm hanging down.Advice:- Keep the Bat at baseline height.

    STANCE FOR ATTACK AND DEFENCE SYSTEM

    There are only small differences in stance, not worth detailing, for

    the various attack and defence strokes.

    Technique (Assuming a right-handed reader)

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    1.The bat face is "open", the body angled at 45-90 compared withthe base-line.

    2.The left foot is advanced. Feet are at a right-angle to the baselineof table and 0 -3m (1ft) to 0 - 5m (20ins) apart.

    Faults-and Corrections

    1. Bat-face not opened.Advice School yourself in the basic details of "Stance for Strokes"

    by practicing without the ball.

    2. Position of feet incorrect. Advice Use Artificial aids to school the feetinto position. For instance, one could put a hold-all between the

    legs.

    STANCE-SPECIAL HINTS

    After every stroke, return smartly to the general basic positionSince every move in play is started from this position, it can also be

    called the "Readiness or Take -off position"

    Some strokes demand a very precise placing of the bat (e.g.forehand drives and smashes), other strokes allow some tolerance

    (e.g. backhand counters and blocks) This is due to the

    characteristics of our muscular systems.

    We now come to the question; how to transfer from the basic position

    to the stroke position:

    Only two methods of changing the foot position are possible; these are

    related to the distance to the point of striking the ball.

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    1. When the ball is placed shorter than the player's general position,the left leg advances for forehand, and the right leg for backhand

    strokes.

    2.When the ball is placed longer than is convenient for the receiver'sgeneral position, then the right leg retreats for forehand, or the left

    leg retreats for backhand play.

    Important To achieve economy of movement, the distance should be

    covered with the fewest steps possible.

    OFF THE TABLE PRACTICES

    N.B. Abbreviations used:

    F.H. = Forehand; B.H. = Backhand: "OFF" = without a table.

    Following the principle of "Easy Stages", it is necessary to get used to the

    table tennis tools of the trade. So we now forget the table and busy

    ourselves with bat and ball.

    "OFF" Practices

    Group 1 : Touching, Bouncing and Balancing Object:

    Familiarization with bat and ball: mastering of these tools, and

    acquisition of a good "feel" for the ball.

    1. Tapping the ball on the bat.2.

    As 1, but while walking and running.

    3. Bouncing ball, on the floor, using the bat both F.H. and B.H.4. As 3, but while walking and running.5. Balancing the ball on the bat, both F.H. and B.H., while walking

    and running.

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    6. Possible variations on 1 to 5 : Tapping or bouncing, soft and hard, in turn Tapping and bouncing alternately Alternately F.H. and B.H., etc.

    Important: All these practices must be carried out with the correct grip,

    partners correcting each other, and repeating as often as possible.

    "OFF" Practices Group II:

    Playing Against the Wall Object: Training of basic position and ball-

    sense.

    1. Play the ball with F.H. or B.H. against wall or door, allowing thereturn to bounce once before striking it.

    2. As 1, but playing always above a 1 m line marked on the wall.3. Play against the wall but on the "volley" i.e. without letting the ball

    bounce on the floor.

    4. Mark out a playing court on the floor, say 3m x 3m (10ft x 10ft).5. Mark a target circle or square on the wall.6. Possible variations on 1 to 5:

    Playing with a partner Playing "soft" and "hard" Alternate F.H. and B.H. Vary the height-lines on the wall.

    Important: Wall play provides outstanding training and plenty of fun, for

    learners and experts alike. Lawn tennis players require a specially built

    wall, but for table tennis we can take advantage of any small clear

    spaces.

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    Is your grip still correct? And: don't forget to introduce an element

    of competition-which player or pair can keep the ball in play longest, etc.

    "OFF" PRACTICES GROUP III:

    Play over a line or string

    Object: To learn the general pattern of table tennis play.

    Practice No. 1

    1. Strike ball over the cord, F.H. or B.H. Action resembles play againstthe wall.

    2. As 1, but keeping ball inside a marked court on the opponent'sside.

    3. Strike the returning ball on the volley, i.e. without allowing it tobounce.

    4. Possible variations of 1 -3 : Doubles play (2 each side)

    Only parallel play allowed, or only diagonals F.H. and B.H. alternated Volleying every other ball, etc.

    Important: You are playing table tennis on a greatly enlarged "table". For

    the learner this offers these advantages:

    Ball stays in play longer. He soon learns to place the ball. He is allowed a longer reaction time. He learns to control "space"

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    GENERAL ADVICE FOR ALL THESE PRACTICE GROUPS

    Learners and experts can perform all the practices alongside eachother

    Work out new variations for yourselves The idea is to keep the ball in play, not to try to beat your partner Put some life into your actions, trying always to observe the correct

    position Accept corrections cheerfully - and do your share too. Use

    these fun practices to win your family, friends and colleague; over

    to table tennis

    Because, remember: Nobody is too old, and after 8 years, nobody is too

    young.

    On-the-table practices

    In the learning period, "ON" and "OFF" practices should be pursued in

    parallel.

    Often enough, in fact, this desirable interchange is unavoidable, due tothe number of participants; for instance, if five pupils attend, four can

    use the table while 0.5 practices on the wall.

    In the early "0" practices, the following points should be observed.

    Try to play the ball to the middle of the partner's court. Carry on playing even when the ball goes off the table, letting it

    bounce once and then playing it back.

    Don't aim to clear the net narrowly; this will result in too manyerrors. "Safety first" is the motto.

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    Start play without a formal service, by dropping the ball from handto table near your own baseline, and allowing it to bounce once

    before playing it over the net.

    Do not bother about correct stroke style in these first practices.Practice No.2

    1.Try to direct the ball over the net into the mid court, either withB.H. or F.H.

    Object: Correct contact and clearance of the net.

    2. Strike the ball in turn, gently, to fall just over the net, and harderto reach the baseline.

    3. Object: Mastering short and long play.4. Play the ball to your partner keeping it the F.H., diagonal.

    Object: To improve accuracy and the F.H. general position.

    5. As 3, but with B.H.6. As 3 and 4, but "tram-line" play parallel to side lines. Interchange

    B.H. and F.H. strokes. Then try to place the ball "short" and "long".

    Object: General control of the table, improvement of position and touch.

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    SERVICE

    Play starts with a service, from the server.

    The opponent is called the receiver (officially "Striker-out"). For a correct

    service, the rules stipulate:

    Ball must rest on the palm of the free hand, and from there bethrown upwards vertically.

    Bat must strike ball only when it is dropping. Ball must bounce first in the server's own half-table, clear the net

    without touching it, and then land in the receiver's half. If the ball touches net or post, but thereafter lands correctly on the

    receiver's half-table, the service is a "Let" (must be re-taken)

    Service must be struck from behind the baseline and above thetable level.

    It is worth noting that the service is the one stroke which allows the

    player as much time as he wishes. Once the ball is in play, there is

    always an element of time-pressure, which often prevents the player

    to make ideal movements.

    Therefore:

    Never rush your service. Gather your concentration before service. Have a plan of action ready. Keep the opponent guessing which type of service you intend to

    use.

    You will have already realized that the service offers you manyopportunities for variations, such as:

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    Soft or hard, i.e. slow or fast. Short or long. With or without spin. Type of spin i.e. (i) Back spin (ii) Top spin (iii) Side spin (Left to

    right or Right to left).

    Directional changes. With forehand or backhand. From forehand side or backhand side of table. High toss or low toss.

    Types of Service

    Service without Spin ("Plain")

    Technique:

    Strike ball with B.H. in front of body or sideways, close to body. Bat angle slightly closed over ball. Move arm from behind, forwards and downwards. Let the body weight pass easily into the stroke.

    Practices:

    Throw ball up in front of the body and try, with B.H. to send it tothe opponent's mid-court.

    Throw ball up left of the body to strike with B.H. and right of bodyfor F.H.: still concentrating on the mid court target.

    Place services diagonally, and then in "parallel" to side lines. Alternate hard or soft services.

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    Service into small target areas marked on the table, or to hit smallobjects placed therein.

    Faults and Corrections

    Ball bounces too highly or loosely. Strike the service at a lowerpoint.

    Ball jumps over the distant baseline. Aim your service to bouncefirst time just inside your own base line.

    Ball goes "off the side". Your body stance need adjustment. Ball frequently goes into the net. Adjust the angle of your bat.

    Use of Plain Service

    Recommended for learners. Apart from that it can be used when your

    more advanced services run into a spell of inaccuracy. Of course this

    service can be made with F.H. equally well.

    CHOPPED SERVICETechnique

    Strike ball at side of body, and close to it. (B.H. chopped serve canequally be struck in front of the body.)

    Bat angle-"Open" Arm action-from above, forwards and downwards, under the ball

    Practices

    Throw ball simply 8-12 inches (20 -30cm) upwards, and strike withF.H. to place the ball in opposing mid-court Only a slow arm swing

    should be used at the early stages

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    When the F.H. chopped service is mastered, practice it with B.H.Further practices-as for Plain Service.

    FAULTS AND CORRECTIONS

    Ball thrown too high, therefore cannot be placed accurately Holdball close to body and only throw it up 20-30 cms

    Ball often goes "off" ... Check the movement of the bat. It shouldnot turn during the stroke

    Ball has no backspin ... Open the bat-angle moreImportant: As you start to serve, consciously check your stance and foot

    position.

    The quality of your "chop" depends upon the speed of your arm

    movement-the faster the arm, the stronger the cut.

    TOPSPIN SERVICE

    Technique

    Contact the ball close in, with sideways body stance (B.H. can alsobe executed from in front of the body)

    Bat angle-closed, over the ball Arm movement-from below, upwards and forwards, or horizontally

    from behind- forwards, which will impart more speed to the ball.

    Practices See "Chopped Services"

    FAULTS AND CORRECTIONS

    Ball goes over the opponent's base-line ... concentrate on bouncingit close to your own base-line,

    Ball is not fast enough ... Your arm action must be made faster.

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    Important: Compared with the chopped service, this service receives

    more thrust, therefore it is faster. To attain maximum speed, serve

    diagonally, which allows more space for a strongly-struck ball. This type

    of service is the fastest of all services.

    SIDESPIN SERVICE

    Technique

    There are two optional systems for this service:

    With bat pointing upwards With bat pointing downwards.

    Technique with "Upwards" Bat

    Strike ball with sideways action in front of the body Note: this isonly practicable with F.H.

    If Bat face is held high and approximately at right angles to thebase-line Arm movement-horizontal the server must strike from a

    squat position.

    Practices

    First make the actions without a ball Throw the ball up a short distance and contact it almost

    immediately (practice this without a table)

    Other practices as for the other types of service.Faults and Corrections

    Ball shows no sidespin, but tends rather to be chopped hold thebat vertically and correct the arm-action

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    Ball bounces too high ... squat deeply to reduce the body height onstriking.

    Important Note: This service can be very effective indeed, but requires

    much practice.

    The best position for a right-handed delivery of this type is from outside

    the right-hand corner, aiming diagonally across the table.

    Technique with "Downwards" Bat

    Strike ball in front of body, and at hip-height Bat should pointed vertically downwards and move parallel to the

    base-line.

    Arm action; horizontally across the body, from right to left for F.H.and the reverse for B.H.

    When using F.H., the grip should be slackened as otherwise thebat-blade cannot be aligned in the "downwards" pattern.

    Note: For this kind of service a shorter player must "grow" as much aspossible, e.g. by standing on tip-toes.

    Practices

    Work through the F.H. and B.H. actions thoroughly without a ball Practice B.H. action first as this comes more simply Other practices; as for the earlier types of service.

    Faults-and Corrections

    Ball shows no sidespin ... check the vertical position of the bat andre-emphasis' the wide travel of the arm -action

    Ball frequently goes into the net - . . Player must stand higher.

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    Important Note: Sidespin services are the most difficult. Do not be

    disturbed if at first you have little success. Keep on practicing 40-50

    serves consecutively, with each side of the bat. Many players neglect

    service-play practice. Do not be one of them. Practice your servicescontinually with your partner and you will soon notice the results.

    Always bear in mind; your own service should give you an advantage.

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    PUSH-SHOTSTechnique

    Meet the ball in front of or near to the side of the body (dependingupon the length of ball received)

    Contact: At the highest point Bat Angle : Vertical or slightly open (see" Important Notes") Arm action Vertical or slightly open (see "Important Notes"). Arm finishes fully stretched close to the net. During the stroke, the body weight passes from rear foot to front

    foot.

    Foot position (assuming Right-hander**) : B.H. Left foot back, rightfoot forward; F.H. Right foot back, left foot forward.

    Modifications for Forehand

    1. A mid-court contact point on the ball would be played with the feetparallel to your baseline.

    2.To contact the ball close to the net, for F.H., the right foot willadvance forward, and for B.H. left foot should be placed forward.

    Note: This modification of foot position is necessary for the whole range

    of F.H. strokes when dealing with shorter balls.

    The reason is that the extent of reach on F.H. is hampered if the

    shoulder is held back. The modified position is therefore accepted,

    despite its physical disadvantages for arm movement.

    Practices:

    Push ball with B.H., bat face vertical, over the net into partner'smid court.

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    Same stroke, with bat face slightly open. Next, same with F.H. Later mixing F.H. with B.H. Play short and long "pushes" to the partner. Push play along diagonals and "tram -lines", and combinations of

    these.

    Faults and Corrections

    Ball goes out over the distant base-line. Arm push too strong;check this, and adjust the general body stance.

    Ball goes into net. Arm not moving forward correct this.Important Notes: The push shot is the foundation stone of table tennis.

    It is the simplest of strokes, but must be mastered thoroughly because

    so many other strokes are built upon it.

    The push shot is used as a general safety first ball, keeping the

    play under control and still ready for opening out.

    So it is invariably used in tight corners.

    Therefore-learn to push properly.

    (**Please assume a "right-hander" in all our examples from now on)

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    COUNTER-SHOTSTechnique

    Ball is taken with sideways stance, in front of or level with body. Bat face slightly "closed" Arm movement. Only a short swing required, say 30-50 cm (12-18

    ins) from back under, to forward over

    Body balance and foot position as for the push shot. The modifiedfoot positions also apply.

    Practice Stages

    Drop ball from hand, close to your own baseline, and play it withB.H.

    Counter drive against balls thrown to you by your partner Mutual counters between partners, first B.H., later F.H. Counter along diagonal and "tramlines" Varying hard and soft counter drives Counter driving to targets marked out on partner's court.

    Errors- Causes and Corrections

    Ball goes into net. Bat probably too far "closed" or arm swing toonear horizontal. Adjust bat angle and emphasis' arm swing as up

    and over

    Ball flies off the end of the table. Bat probably vertical or even"opened" close the angle.

    Ball goes "off" across a side line faulty stance, or arm swing nottruly forward. Adjust these.

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    Important Note: Counter- hit is amongst the most frequently used

    strokes today. As already realized in the learner's stages, it speeds the

    play up greatly.

    For successful counter- hitting, you need a high degree of flexibility in

    the hips and spine, with speedy arm movements.

    Therefore: Take trouble to keep your stance good and be ready to move,

    every moment.

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    THIS IS THE BASIC STROKE TOWARDS TOP SPIN

    DRIVE, POWER DRIVE, LOOP DRIVE

    Topspin is up and over spin opposite of your back spin strokes. Itgives a forward running spin in the line of its flight. This not only covers

    the ball to spurt sharply forward on bouncing but is valuable in

    producing a curve flight path, that is up and over and down. Why do we

    need downward curving flight when attacking? Answer is very simple.

    The ball should clear the net well, but afterward it should dip downward.

    This is a safer then trying to clear the net and still hit the table with a

    straight line hit. There are different type of topspin drives. As: Topspin

    roll, Forward drive, loop drive, topspin with sidespin. But here we shall

    go through the top spin roll only. All basic things are same in advance

    power drive, loops drive etc. Topspin drive and topspin role, only slite

    modification require to impart more spin and speed.

    IMPORTANCE

    This is match winning stroke in Table Tennis. Many says it is most

    important stroke, some says the only important stroke. It is the best

    weapon of a attacking player. It is also one of the reliable weapon in the

    armory of all-round type of player. With this stroke a player can force his

    opponent to go away from the table, once the opponent went back the

    executer will certainly be in advantage position since a player who is

    away from the table will have to cover more area to control the ball,

    secondly more the, player is away less will be the speed and spin in his

    stroke due to air friction, as it is the basic law of biomechanics that"

    more the object travel in air less will be the speed and spin remain in it

    at destination.

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    STANCE POSITION

    To execute topspin roll you should stand with left foot forward for

    right handed player, right foot forward for left handed player., With

    upper body also slightly sideways, knee semiflexed, body weight on to the

    toe's. If you are right handed player hold the racket out of your right

    side,at about waist height with your elbow at around 900 keep your

    racket slightly tilted forward close position.

    RACKET ANGLE

    The angle of the racket is different against different type of spins,

    against back spin i.e chop & push, it should be almost upright. Against

    topspin or no spin ball counter & block, it should be tilted forward which

    will allow you to hit flatter and counteract your opponent's spin but you

    must be very careful to watch your opponent for any change of spin.

    CONTACT

    Imagine that you rolling a big tyre in road with one hand. You know you

    have to keep brushing the palm of your hand across the top of it to keep

    it moving. This is almost exactly same action needed to play a forehand

    roll.

    CONTACT POINT

    In contact point the ball should be contacted at the peak of its bounce;

    once the ball start to drop it means that the player has to put more spinto make a ball rise over the net. The ideal time to hit the ball is virtually

    in all the strokes are when it reaches on the peak of its bounce. Just as

    it is about to start to fall again. Because the ball is at its highest at this

    point, you will find it easier to hit your target the other side of the table.

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    The ball should be contacted at right side of the body for the right

    handed player. You should contact the ball away from the body 3/4th

    length of the arm and exactly opposite to the left leg. While contacting

    ball right on the racket keep close look there is less chances to miss theball. You should keep your head & racket closet to the contact point; it

    will help you to get control over the ball. You should contact the ball

    between upper and middle portion if playing against float ball, if playing

    against chop/push that is back spin you should contact the ball at its

    middle portion. If playing against topspin ball the racket should be 30o

    closed and should contact approximately at head of the ball.

    EXECUTION

    To execute topspin roll stand sideways as elaborated in "stance". Racket

    should be 9-12" away from the right knee. Your upper body should be

    rotated towards right side and your left shoulder should be 90o to the net

    knee flexed. Body weight should be on the right leg at the time of back

    swing. When proceeding towards the contact point you have to shift your

    body weight forward that is up & over to the table. The ball should be

    contacted th arm away from body and elbow should be slightly in

    bending position. Now you have to brush the ball at peak of its bounce, if

    playing against back spin strike middle of the ball if you are playing

    against counter or block then contact the ball between upper & middle of

    the ball. If playing against topspin ball contact the head of the ball with

    closed racket.

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    IMPORTANT POINT OF EXECUTION

    1. Remember that you have to rotate your upper body at the sametime when you are in the process to shift your body weight from

    right leg to left leg.

    2.The power of this stroke comes through a kinetic chain i.e. startingfrom the ankle of right foot and finishing at wrist of playing hand.

    3. Don't use your wrist.FOLLOW THROUGH

    In follow through your arm and body will travel simultaneously up

    and over but arm at the end will come close to your head and angle of

    the elbow will also be close. The racket should be in the line of your nose.

    You should finish the shot facing the area of the table where you wanted

    the ball to go. If you played the stroke properly your weight should have

    transfer on to your front foot i.e. left foot (for right handed players)

    The process of weight transfer must be mastered earlier, because atthe later stage it will become essential to your ability to hit the ball

    hard.

    Your left toe should be pointed towards the area where you wantedto strike the ball.

    POINTS TO REMEMBER

    a. Start your stroke well below the ball.b. Ball should be contacted at right side body, 3/4 th arm away from it

    and just opposite to your left leg.

    c. Brush the ball at its valley (middle portion) with upright angle ofracket if playing against chop or push.

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    d. Brush the ball between head and middle with tilted angle of racketif playing against counter or block balls.

    e. Brush the ball almost at its head with closed racket approximately30

    o

    if playing against top spin balls.f. Transfer your body weight from right leg to left leg in a way it

    should go up and over to the table along with body's upper part's

    rotational movement.

    g. Swing smoothly with easy, forearm and shoulder movement.COMMON FAULT AND THEIR REMEDIES

    FAULT: lArm too rigid, 2swing too cramp that is stopping too abruptly,3swing across the ball instead of upward and forward, 4stopping the

    racket over the ball too much, 5too little hitting the ball too hard with

    strain in the finger or shoulder, 6wrist too lose.

    REMEDY: 1st & 2nd: Hold the racket relax with relaxed arm player should

    feel the ball, there should not any tuk sound, there should be a whip

    sound.

    3rd: Correct the stance.

    4th & 5th: relax the arm & easy forearm and shoulder movement, no

    muscles should be tight too much.

    6th: Say the student to use the wrist only for adjust/maintain the racket

    angle.

    SOME COMMON FAULT IN POSITION OF BODY

    1. Ball contracted too far away from the body. R: Play with 3/4th armlength.

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    2.Too far behind the body and late contact, so there is very little backswing and caused less acceleration in body. R: strike the ball at

    peak of its bounce, not later than left leg position.

    3.Strike too close to the body. R: Use foot work to make space for thestroke and player should strike right behind the ball.

    SOME COMMON SPIN FAULT

    1.Too little spin during strike. R: Don't hit the ball, brush it. Just asyou brush your shoe for giving shine.

    2.Too much topspin ball goes to net. R: You must brush the ballconfidently with slight acceleration to over to the table as you

    contacted the ball.

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    EFFECTIVE TRAINING REGIME

    To find out the psychological cause of stagnation in learning andtreat them timely.

    To help the children set their goals as per their potential to avoidfrustration and drop outs.

    To use positive and negative reinforcements for modifying thebehavior for children.

    To teach them psycho regulatory procedures to developmentalcontrol over their physical system.

    To train them for mental rehearsal and ideomotoric training formaximizing their performance.

    To make them feel important with the help of group therapy. To provide them counseling for the smallest of their difficulties. How to develop self confidence in children? Make the child feel accepted and wanted. Show children warmth and greet them individually by name. Create awareness so that children learn to expect from themselves

    the best they can give.

    Alternate leadership roles. Provided supportive attitude. Set realistic and achieve able goals. Impart training in progressive steps. Give experiences of success to those who have problems at the

    initial stages of learning.

    Teach them to think positive and remember the experiences ofprevious success.

    Direct coaching to make the children independent.

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    Involve children in decision making by resorting to co-operativestyle of coaching.

    Provide constructive criticism. Provide opportunity to think and by creative.

    SOME IMPORTANT OBSERVATIONS &. SUGGESTIONS

    The perceived values of physical activity differs from game to game.

    The formation of positive attitude in the directions required for the game

    is to be given importance by the coach.

    Early experience emotions and performance in competitive sports. Prolonged and intense competitions having great deal of physical

    confrontations builds up aggressive tendencies in children.

    Introducing games to children that force them to co-operate, maydevelop co-operative behaviour in them.

    Shaping of positive attitudes towards physical activity is crucialbecause of its close relationship with the motivation of the learner.

    Studying attitudes during middle childhood is particularlyimportant as this is the time when basic attitude are formed.

    Identifying and Handling Emotional upset in Children Indications of

    emotional upset

    Sleep irregularities induced by competitions. Mood changes/changes in hobbies and interests. Withdrawal from the activity. Negative shifts in schools performance etc.

    Handling of Emotional upset

    Coaches should try to listen the impact by informal counseling.

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    Children should be withdrawn from the stress producing situation. Levels of anxiety, tension and aggression should be adjusted

    through psycho regulation.

    Individualized psychological support should be provided.

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    REFERENCES

    1. E P SPORTS SERIES TABLE TENNIS

    MARTIN SKLORZ

    2.TABLE-TENNIS: THE SPORTSCATT M. PREISS

    3.TRAINING MANUAL OFTABLE TENNIS

    MR. T.K. BOSE

    Ex-Chief Coach

    &

    Mr. BHAWANI MUKARJEE


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