SURVEY ON SUGARCANE SITUATION
IN DIKHAN & BANNU DISTRICTS OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
CONDUCTED BY:
Muhammad Khan,
Director Seed, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa
Fazli Rahman,
Director MFSCs, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa.
Farhat Abbass Durrani,
Dev. Assistant,DGA (E)
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
2
Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................................. 1
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 2
DIKhan District Profile ............................................................................................................................. 3
Map of DIKhan ........................................................................................................................................ 5
Demographic View of Reported Area ..................................................................................................... 6
Demographic View of Cultivated Area (2010-11) ................................................................................... 6
Salient Features of Chashma Right Bank Canal ...................................................................................... 7
Area & Production of Sugarcane Crop in DIKhan & Bannu Districts ....................................................... 8
Demographic View of Area and Production of Sugar Cane Crop in DIKhan and Bannu Districts ........... 9
METHODOLOGY: ................................................................................................................................... 10
Visit of the area. .................................................................................................................................... 10
Meeting with District Director Agriculture DI Khan. ............................................................................. 10
Meeting Crop Reporting Services DI Khan: ........................................................................................... 10
Visits to the Sugar Mills. ........................................................................................................................ 10
Visit to different Check posts of Punjab................................................................................................ 11
Interview with the local Sugar Cane growers. ...................................................................................... 11
FINDINGS: .............................................................................................................................................. 12
CONLUSION ........................................................................................................................................... 14
Pictorial ................................................................................................................................................. 15
1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We acknowledge this effort to auspicious guide lines given by worthy
Director General Agriculture (Extension) whose expert opinion and vision
was in accompany with during the survey. The province though have a
lot potential to explore and exploit yet viable planning and necessary
investments would boost the economy to a level that would be
exemplary to the rest of the world.
Mr.Sardar Ali,District Director Agriculture DIKhan remained intact during
the survey and his long stay at DIKhan made him an agricultural
encyclopedia of DIKhan as every nick and corner were well known to
him.
Sugar Mills administration and local Crop Reporting Services authorities,
though have some derivative figures, yet their efforts in data collection,
its compilation and authentication cannot be left un-recognized. They
may have a bit more professional and congenial in provision of figurative
information which can be made easiest with daily basis computing of
field operations.
2
INTRODUCTION
Sugarcane is an important industrial and cash crop in Pakistan and in many
countries of the world. It is grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world in a
range of climates from hot dry environment near sea level to cool and moist
environment at higher elevations.
Sugarcane is grown on an area of more or less one million hectares in
Pakistan. The Punjab shares 62 %, Sindh 26 % and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa shares 16
% of the total area. In respect of cane yield Sindh with 53 t/ha is the leading province
followed by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 45 t/ ha and Punjab 40 t/ ha. . In Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, it is mainly grown for sugar and Gur production. It is a good source of
income and employment for the farming community of the province. It provide raw
materials for industries like sugar, chip board, paper, barrages, confectionery, uses
in chemicals, plastics, paints, synthetics, fiber, insecticides and detergents. Area of
Sugarcane in the province has increased during course of time.
In order to increase the production of sugar cane several steps were taken by
the Govt. and the sugar mill association to help farmers. In past several
reports/research works to increase the production were published on different
process which include chemical composition as well as agricultural reforms/steps to
increase the recovery and %age yield.
Main Sugar Cane growing Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa are Mardan,
Charsadda, Swabi, Malakand, Peshawar, Nowshera, Bannu and DI Khan. In the
Central Districts Sugar Cane is grown since long, while in Southern Districts
especially DI Khan, the cultivation of the crop gained momentum after the completion
of CRBC. In the pre-CRBC period, main crops of the area were wheat 60%, cotton
20% paddy 15%, gram 15%, oil seed 5%, Fodders 10%, Vegetables and orchards
10%. Sugar Cane cultivation was also grown on 20%, limited only to tube wells and
on some area of Paharpur Irrigation Canal as the water requirement for this crop is
more as compared to the above mentioned crops.
3
After the completion CRBC, changes occurred in the cropping pattern and
Sugar Cane occupied major portion of the command area. The following table shows
the increase in area of sugar Cane crop at DIKhan.
In Bannu, main crops are wheat, barley, gram, turmeric, maize, rice,
Vegetables, Oil seed, fodders, fruits, pulses and Sugarcane.
DIKhan District Profile
D.I.Khan is the southernmost district of Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. Geographically,
D.I.Khan district stretches between 310 15’ to 320
32’ North latitude and 700 11’ to 710 20’ East
longitude.
Here, water is one of the most valuable natural
resources. There is a great potential for water
resource development in general and irrigation
development in particular. Nevertheless, so far very
little progress has been made in this respect.
Likewise, in D.I.Khan uncertain climatic factors also
become barriers in the development process,
including arid to semi-arid climatic condition. In the
study area Rod Kohi (hill torrent irrigation), lift
irrigation, flood irrigation and canal irrigation are the
major form of irrigation. However, Rainfed (Barani)
farming dominates the land use. However, erratic
rainfall largely results in crop failure before ripening.
Therefore the yields are comparatively low. Contrary
to this, irrigation has the potential to bring large scale
transformation in the land use, cropping pattern and
cropping intensity (Ali, et al., 2004). Historically, it
had been a human effort to bring water through
canal irrigation systems in the arid and semi-arid area.
4
In district D.I.Khan, dry conditions remained the major limiting factor in changing land
use and cropping system. Therefore, an intervention was made in the form of
Chashma Right Bank Canal (CRBC) during 1987. The Chashma Right Bank
Irrigation Scheme is a large irrigation network spread over the two provinces i.e. KPK
and Punjab. The total canal command area is 250,000 ha, out of which 152,500 ha is
in D.I.Khan district (Ahmad, 1993; WAPDA, 1995). The ultimate goal of the Chashma
Right Bank Irrigation Project (CRBIP) was to increase agricultural productivity and
strengthening institutional support in the agriculture sector (WAPDA, 2002). All these
goals were aimed to alleviate poverty in the area (ADB, 1987). Availability of water
through large-scale surface irrigation in this arid tract has brought revolutionary
changes in both physical and cultural environment. Prior to the construction of
CRBIP, the cropping intensity of D.I.Khan district was 28%. One of the objectives of
CRBIP was to raise cropping intensity from mere 28% to 143% in the CRBC
command area.
This paper is aimed to investigate the ex post impacts evaluation of CRBIP on the
cropping intensity of D.I.Khan district. This is a sort of pioneering study of its nature
in evaluating irrigation projects in Pakistan. In this paper analysis has been made at
two levels i.e. micro and macro. This study may be used as a guideline for decision
makers, planners to assess land use efficiency of irrigation projects in future.
5
Map of DIKhan
6
Demographic View of Reported Area
Demographic View of Cultivated Area (2010-11)
Peshawar, 126,661
Charsadda, 98,641
Nowshera, 169,470
Mardan, 185,576
Swabi, 148,689
Kohat, 295,070
Hangu, 132,258
Karak, 265,215
Mansehra, 439,423
Battagram, 92,997
Abbottabad, 178,401
Haripur, 186,182
Kohistan, 758,116
Malakand, 52,134
Swat, 506,528
Bunir, 172,431
Shangla, 137,434
Dir Lower,
142,638 Dir Upper, 126,500
Chitral, 98,671
D.I.Khan, 730,575
Tank, 165,599
Bannu, 118,958
Lakki Marwat, 314,973
Other, 1,835,348
District Wise Reported Area Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Hectares)
Peshawar, 126,661
Charsadda, 98,641
Nowshera, 169,470
Mardan, 185,576
Swabi, 148,689
Kohat, 295,070
Hangu, 132,258
Karak, 265,215
Mansehra, 439,423
Battagram, 92,997
Abbottabad, 178,401
Haripur, 186,182
Kohistan, 758,116
Malakand, 52,134
Swat, 506,528
Bunir, 172,431
Shangla, 137,434
Dir Lower,
142,638 Dir Upper, 126,500
Chitral, 98,671
D.I.Khan, 730,575
Tank, 165,599
Bannu, 118,958
Lakki Marwat, 314,973
Other, 1,835,348
District Wise Reported Area Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Hectares)
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Salient Features of Chashma Right Bank Canal
1. Cultivable Command Area 606,000 Acres /245,240 Hectares
K.P.K 366,000 Acres /148,115 Hectares
Punjab 240000 Acres /97,125 Hectares
2. i. Length of Canal 170 Miles/274 KMs
K.P.K 106 Miles/171 KMs
Punjab 64 Miles/103 KMs
ii. Distributaries
Nos/Length 72 Nos 666 Miles/ 1065 KMs
K.P.K 42 Nos 391 Miles /625 KMs
Punjab 30 Nos 275 Miles /440 KMs
Stage-I 13 Nos 141 Miles/227 KMs
Stage-II 15 Nos 105 Miles/168 KMs
Stage-III(K.P.K) 14 Nos 145 Miles/230 KMs
Punjab 30 Nos 275 Miles /440 KMs
No Length in (Ft.) Disch: in (Cusecs)
iii. Flood Carrier Channel
Stage-I Stage-II
Stage-III
18 22
27
264,000 727,0516
898,834
149,160 140,800 459,000
Total 67 1,888,885 748,960 475.70 KMs. 21,208 Cumecs
3. Discharge Capacity 4879 Cusecs/ 138.16 Cumecs
K.P.K 3045 Cusecs/86.23 Cumecs
Punjab 1,834 Cusecs/ 51.93 Cumecs
4. Financial Status
Approved PC-I (4th Revision) Rs. 17,096.865 Million
Stage-I Rs. 2,491 Million
Stage-II Rs. 2,334 Million
Stage-III Rs. 12,272 Million
Expenditure Incurred (Upto June-
2005) Rs. 17004.197 Million
5. Date of completion December, 2003
6. Water Allowance 7.62 Cs / 1000 Acres
7. Cropping Intensity prior to inception of the Project
28%
8. Ultimate Cropping Intensity on full development of the Project
142%
8
Project Concept
Stage_I
Length
Commenced Completed
CCA Water Allocation Distributaries
Cost
52 miles
1978 1986
150,000 Acres 1226 Cusecs 13 Nos
Rs. 2491 million (as per 4th Revised PC-I).
Stage_II
Length Commenced
Completed CCA Water Allocation
Distributaries Cost
24 miles 1988
1994 94,000 Acres 800 Cusecs
15 Nos Rs. 2,334 million (as per 4th Revised PC-I).
Stage_III
Length Commenced
Completed CCA Water Allocation
Distributaries Cost
94 miles (K.P.K 30 Miles & Punjab = 64 Miles
1995 2003 362,000 Acres K.P.K = 126,000 &
Punjab=236,000 2853 Cusecs K.P.K = 1053 & Punjab = 1800
44 Nos K.P.K=14 Nos & Punjab = 30 Nos Rs. 12,272 Million
Donors ADB KfW GOP
Stage_I 79% - 21%
Stage_II 79% - 21%
Stage_III 65% 14% 21%
Area & Production of Sugarcane Crop in DIKhan & Bannu Districts
Year Sugar Cane Year Sugar Cane
Area (Hact) Production (In M.Tons)
Area (Hact) Production (In M.Tons)
1990 5556 197266 2001 7110 298640
1991 5560 200181 2002 10320 434125
1992 4733 172618 2003 11406 480763
1993 4513 166773 2004 11577 491294
1994 5431 202595 2005 8264 351716
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1995 5784 216442 2006 10884 472366
1996 6289 236389 2007 12897 577527
1997 7868 297111 2008 10083 423456
1998 8665 327831 2009 10726 455426
1999 8790 352784 2010 11853 497824
2000 8061 327707 2011 12434 522226
(Source: Crop Reporting Services DI Khan District)
Demographic View of Area and Production of Sugar Cane Crop in
DIKhan and Bannu Districts
Area0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Area & Production of Sugarcane in DIKhan & Bannu DistrictsArea "Hectares" Production "Tones"
Area
Production
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METHODOLOGY:
In this study, the following tools/procedure was used to collect the required
information.
Visit of the area.
Major portion of the Sugarcane growing area was visited to get information
about varieties, area and condition of the crop. In addition cropping pattern,
water availability and farming system.
Meeting with District Director Agriculture DI Khan.
Met with District Director Agriculture DIKhan,Mr.Saradr Ali Marwat and
collected information about CRBC, cropping pattern of DI Khan general
Agriculture statistics. He also accompanied the team during the field visit.
Meeting Crop Reporting Services DI Khan:
Mr. Munir Ahmad, statistical Officer of Crop Reporting Services DI Khan
provided statistical data about Sugarcane in DI Khan.
Visits to the Sugar Mills.
Visited Chasma-1, Chasma-2 and Tandliawala
(Miran) Sugar Mills in DI Khan along with DDA and
collected the required information. In Bannu, there is
one sugar Mill i.e. Bannu Sugar Mill Pvt Ltd was
visited. These mills were visited for getting
information about daily crushing capacity, total
crushing, No of crushing days, recovery and supply of Sugarcane from own District
and from other Districts/Punjab.
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Visit to different Check posts of Punjab.
Different Check posts of Punjab issuing
Indents to growers supplying Sugarcane to
Sugar Mills at DI Khan in order to collect
information about the daily/seasonal
sugarcane supply from Punjab.
Interview with the local Sugar Cane growers.
Interviewed some of the Sugarcane growers and
collected information regarding their problems in
selling the crop to the mills i.e. price, deduction
and payment etc. Moreover information about
cost of production, varieties, cropping pattern
and Irrigation Agronomy were also collected.
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FINDINGS:
Based on the above methodology, the following findings were obtained.
. Before CRBC in DI Khan the sugarcane was grown on 20% of the area.
. According to the statistics of Crop Reporting services, the total area of
Sugarcane acres in year 2011 is 30712 acres, while the actual area being
calculated as per information collected from farmers, area survey, check posts
and mills, is about 140000-145000 acres.
. It was also founded that the Sugar Mills at DI Khan getting about 40-45%
Sugarcane from Punjab.
. In Bannu, the Bannu Sugar Mill is getting 30% from own District and 5% from
Kohat, 5% from Tank and 50-60% from DI Khan and 10-15% from Mianwali
(Punjab).
. According to the grower statement, there is severe shortage of irrigation water
as in the Kachkot Marwat Canal, only 5% water is available for the crops.
Similarly, the Bannu canal is 6o% operational. Tube well is providing water to
10% of the area at present.
. Growers told that the actual daily crushing capacity is more than told by the
Sugar mills administration.
. According to the growers statement, each Sugar mill is deducting about 50-70
monds from each trolley having weight of 450-500 monds. In some cases it is
even more than that.
. Growers complained that each mill usually reduces their crushing rate in order
to compel them to sell their crop at the sweet will of the mill owners
. As per statement of the growers, each mill has their own contractors, who are
purchasing cane outside the mill @ 160-162 per momd from the growers and
sell the same to the mill @ 170/mond and in this way causing Rs. 8-10 per
mond loss to the growers.
. Some of the growers are planting Co 1148 variety, giving good ratoon crop.
The mills are discouraging this variety by claiming low sugar recovery. Other
varieties grown are CP-246, 242, 555, 77/400, 5121 and CP 65-357 etc.
13
. Due to continuous growing of Sugarcane crop, the problem of water logging is
increasing. Moreover, due to its high exhaustive nature, the fertility of the land
is decreasing at a rapid rate. Most of the farmers apply only nitrogenous
fertilizers and pay less or no attention to phosphatic fertilizers due to which
the soil of the area is loosing its fertility at a rapid speed. Once the soil lose
the fertility, it will be very difficult to recover the same.
. Sugar beet is grown in DIK but it has not been reported by the Crop Reporting
services of DIK.
. The area of Sugarcane is increasing with the rapid speed. This is affecting the
whole cropping pattern. Due to which not only the area of other important
crops like wheat, maize, cotton and oil seed is decreasing but their yield has
also been decreased. Because the farmers use maximum water to sugarcane
crop.
.
Note: Almoiz has also crushing sugar beet grown on 1800 acres
Year District Sugar Mill Total
Crusing
days
Total
Crusing
Capicity
Daily
Crushing
(M.T)
Crushing
from
home
Distt.
From
other
Distt
/Province
Total
crushing
(M.Tons)
Recovery
(%age)
Chasma-1 110 12000 11000 449403 410460 859863 8.7
Merin 110 11000 8000 704000 176000 880000 7.5
Chasma-2 110 8000 7000 577500 192500 770000 7.5
Almoiz 110 10000 7000 577500 192500 770000 7.9
Total 33000 2308403 971460 3279863
Bannu Bannu
Sugar
Mills Pvt
Ltd.
70-90 2000 1600 68000 226668 294667 8.15
2010-1
1
DIKhan
14
CONLUSION
Based on survey conducted it can be concluded that:
The present area of Sugarcane in DI Khan could not fulfill the demands of the
already four established Sugar Mills. At present more than 40% of the Cane is being
received from Punjab. If the area of Sugarcane is increased further, it will not only
reduce the area for other important crops especially wheat, Cotton and vegetables
but will also cause great reduction in their per acre yield. Further more increase in
Sugarcane area will increase water application resulting water logging problem. In
addition it will develop mono crop culture resulting outbreak of insect pests and
diseases coupled with deteriorating soil fertility.
The increase in area of Sugarcane will reduce cotton crop area which will
cause serious set back to Govt: exchequer as major portion of foreign exchange is
coming from cotton. The District will also face food problem and will relay on other
Districts and Province.
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has witnessed several food crises in the past. To
ensure dietary needs of the rapidly growing population in future as well as to
generate surplus for export to earn foreign exchange for financing economic
development of the province/ country, there is need to formulate and implement
need based policies and approaches.
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Pictorial
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