Electronic Security system in Modern Libraries
VUPPALA. LINGAIAH
MA. M Phil., PGDLAN (P h D.)
Research scholar &
CHIEF LIBRARIAN
K G REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, HYDERABAD
[email protected] ,[email protected] www.kgr.ac.in mob:09985554351
Electronic Security system in Modern Libraries
VUPPALA. LINGAIAH
MA. M Phil., PGDLAN (P h D.)
Research scholar &
CHIEF LIBRARIAN
K G REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, HYDERABAD
[email protected] ,[email protected] www.kgr.ac.in mob:09985554351
ABSTRACT
This Paper Discuss About The Application , Implementation Of Rfid Technology In
Modern Libraries ., The Rfid Technology Is A Latest Technology Today Most Of The
Libraries Adopting To Rfid Technology For Their Services Like Stock Management ,
Check In Check Out Theft Controlling. The Modern Libraries Are Using This
Technology Iit , Iim S , Central Universities Repudiated Universities . The Rid
Technology Playing Vital Role in Academic Environment ., the rapid advances in
information processing , storage and communication technologies have
revolutionized thr role of world wide libraries in disseminating information
services to their users .
1
1
KEY WORDS: Electronic Security, Rfid Technology
Introduction: RFID Technology is the Latest Technology to be used in library for
book identification, for self check out and for sorting and conveying of library books and
also for theft detection. The aim of using RFID Technology to increase the efficiency,
reduce data entry errors and free up staff to perform more value added functions.
RFID is a combination of radio frequency based technology and micro chips in the tags
affixed to library materials is read using radio frequency technology regardless of item
orientation or alignment (i.e., the technology does not require line –of-sight or a fixed
plane to read tags as do traditional theft detentions systems) and distance fro the item is
not a critical factor except in the case of extra wide exit gates. The corridors of the
building exit can be as wide as four feet because the tags can be read at a distance of up
to two feet by each of two parallel exit sensors
Rapid advances in information processing, storage and communication technologies have
revolutionized the role of world wide libraries in disseminating information services to
their users. libraries are facing new challenges ,new competitors, new demands ,new
expectations and a variety of information services for reconsolidating their
positions ,redesigning their services, and information products ,incorporating new
technologies ,upgrading information resources ,training people ,changing information
2
2
objects modes of communication and information delivery in order to add value to their
services ,and to satisfy the changing information needs of user community
The technology playing vital role in the libraries now a day theft controlling is very
challenging part in the library the academic libraries have huge collection in university
level
DEFINATIONS / origin OF RFID:
Radio frequency identification Is a generic term that is used to describe that transmit the
identity of an object of person wirelessly, using radio waves .it is grouped under the
broad category of automatic identification technologies.
RFID was introduced in the early 1980s for item tracking and access control applications.
Tracking of materials is done using radio frequency baed technology combined with
microchip technology, hence designated as RFID. These contact less and wireless
automatic identification data capturing systems are highly effective in hostile
environments such as , industry and logistics , textile and libraries ,where barcode labels
cannot servive and need for inventory control and waste management . Owing to its
ability to track moving objects RFID has been established it self in livestock
identification and automated vechele identification systems. in recent times , its use has
raised to track books , audio / video tapes and other multimedia collection in a library .
After realizing the advantages of RFID technology libraries are considering it, the more
productive tool for flow man agent sooner than barcodes and other identification
technologies
History
3
3
RFID technology was first used in World War II to differentiate between friendly and
enemy aircraft. Over the years this technology has evolved and been applied to animal
tracking and identification, speed pass lanes on toll roads, building security access, and
for electronic payment processing at gas stations. The basic components of any RFID
system include:
Tags—Also called transponders, these can be either active with their own means
of sending a signal, or passive, relying upon the tag reader to provide the power
necessary to generate the response signal. The signal could be a simple
identification number stored in a read-only tag or a complex data stream that
includes additional data stored within the tag's memory. These more complex tags
could contain such data items as manufacture date, lot number, serial number, or
even built-in sensors to track average storage temperatures or other data.
Readers—also called interrogators, come in various configurations depending on
the location, environment, and scanning area coverage required. A reader is used
to identify all tags within its reception coverage area. Readers require some
intelligence for aggregating and smoothing the tag data.
Information transmitted from the tag can be interpreted by reading the data directly from
the reader itself or through a software–based interface.
RFID tags can come in numerous forms with different capabilities including:
Key fobs (active read/write)
Bulk metal tags (use-once, passive read-only)
4
4
Garment disks (reusable, active read-only)
Smart Card credit-cards with RFID tags embedded for storing personal
information
RFID nails that can be driven directly into palettes (passive read-only)
Today every RFID implementation is different, and all RFID solutions have to evaluate
various performances and cost factors including the operating environment, on-tag
memory storage, and signal transmission restrictions. Each of these issues has significant
cost impacts on both tags and readers. In addition, RFID solutions in the market today are
generally proprietary in nature and tags from one vendor cannot generally be read by a
reader from a different vendor. There are some limited RFID standards in place, but these
standards are not globally accepted and some even conflict with RFID standards in other
countries.
Decades of RFID:
Decade Event
1940–1950
Radar refined and used, major World War II development effort. RFID invented in 1948.
1950–1960
Early explorations of RFID technology, laboratory experiments.
1960–1970
Development of the theory of RFID. Start of application field trials.
1970–1980
Explosion of RFID development. Tests of RFID accelerate. Very early adopter implementations of RFID.
1980–1990
Commercial applications of RFID enter mainstream.
1990– Emergence of standards. RFID widely deployed. RFID becomes a part of
5
5
Decade Event
2000 everyday life.
a The history of RFID, Association for Automatic Identification and Mobility, October 2001, http://www.aimglobal.org.
R F I D in academic libraries:
Radio Frequency Identification is a technology that facilitates non line of sight
identification of items. Basic elements of a comprehensive RFID System for library kind
of environment are tags, readers & library management system
Implementing RFID system in libraries will aid tasks such as circulation, re – shelving &
theft detection, and it as several other important advantages.
6
6
It can either replace or supplement existing library bar code system. When the costs of
labor taken into consideration for tasks such as check out , check -in , inventory
holds ,lists miss shelved items etc., RFID can prove to be very efficient when compared
to traditional bar codes .
The RFID Technology using academic Libraries in Hyderabad Central University,
Moulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad. And K G Reddy college of
Engineering & Technology Hyderabad. Academic institutions using this technology for
library services like house keeping operations theft controlling.
IMPLIMENTATION OF RFID IN LIBRARIES:
The RFID Management System in Libraries Can be implemented in following for ways
1. library Security System
2. Library circulation Counter
3. Self Check in and Check out
4. smart and quick inventory
7
7
LIBRARY SECURITY SYSTEM:
The Library Security system through RFID can be ensured through Electronic Article
Surveillance (EAC) Gate, which is the anti- theft part of the RFID Library
management system using the same RFID tags embedded in the Library items . each
lane is able to track items of one meter or more would trigger the alarm system when
an unbar barrowed item passes through them .
The alarm will sound and lights on the gate will flash as patron passes through with
the library material. The EAS anti theft gate has option to trigger a Camera to record
patrons who trigger the alarm to the Surveillance Station. Theft detection is an
integral feature of the chip within the tag. It is a stand-alone technology, which
operates independently of the library databases.
Security Gate Theft Control
9
9
RFID Circulation Counter:
RFID Counter System is a staff assisted station mainly to help to support library
circulation functions such as issue, return, tagging, sorting of documents etc. The
Counter system is loaded with alarming and disalarming module, tagging module,
sorting module. The library circulation staff puts the library materials on the reader
and can view the information stored inside the tag and status of the EAS and perform
the transaction function accordingly. There are also provisions for auto issues and
return of library materials.
Self Check in and Check Out
The self-check out station is basically a computer with a normally touch screen, a
built in RFID reader and special software for personal identification and material
identification. During self-check out, the user first is asked to identify with a library
ID Card, a barcode card or his personal ID number (PIN). Then he/she is asked to
choose next action i.e check out of one or more books.
After choosing check out the next step which is to place the book in front of the
screen on the RFID reader and the display will show the book title and its ID number
which have been check out. After confirmation by the user the check out process is
finished and a receipt is printed showing which books have been borrowed and the
due date. The same time the RFID tag in the book is set on quite so that no alarm will
go off at the EAS gate. Thee process is same as in case return of books. But after
return the RFID tag is reset: if the books are taken through the gate, an alarm will
sound. The main benefit of the self check out/and c heck in system is increase in
library productivity
10
10
Book Drop.
This is specifically meant for self-check in of library materials. The Book Drops can
be located anywhere, within or outside the library. This offers unprecedented
flexibility and convenience of returning library materials at anytime of the day even
when library is closed. In this process, the user inserts the library materials into the
book drop and the RFID reader captures the electronic signatures and sends backend
system for loan cancellation. The check in is acknowledged by beeping sound and
flashlight. The users” transaction record is updated immediately. The design of the
Book Drops is such that items cannot be retrieved back once deposited.
Smart and Quick Inventory
The smart and quick inventory system helps in locating and identifying library
materials on the shelves, which make the inventory tasks easy for library
professionals. It basically comprises a portable scanner and a base station. The
primary functions performed by this system are search for individual books requested,
inventory check of the whole library stock and stock rectification.
These functions are performed by sweeping the portable scanner across the spines of
the books on the shelves to gather information on them. In an inventory check
situation, this information is compared with the database and a discrepancy reported
is generated. In situation where search for a particular item is required the
information is first entered into the portable scanner of the base station. When a
mismatch item is found on the shelves a beep sound alerts the librarian. /
11
11
Communication Flow, Protocols & Standards :
12
12
REFERENCES / BIBLIOGRAPHY:
1 Finkenzeller, Klaus RFID Hand Book 2nd ed.
2 T Nagaseshulu applications of RFID Technology in Academic Libraries (management
of E resources in Academic libraries)
3 Cooney Elaine M, The complete review of RFID Cengage Publications
4., Dr. Dibyendu Paul : RFID Technology is the Revolution in Library automation
System :
5. www.rfid-Library.com
6. Vuppala Lingaiah, implementation of RFID technology in Libraries Project Report
submitted for Refresher Course on Library Automation & Digitization Conducted by
UGC – ASC JNT University Hyderabad
13
13
