8/9/2019 Rangkaian Enkoder & Dekoder

1/18

8 

OHO L

RED@HFUIUHD

8.8. Ihthr Oeihghdn

Rh`h ujujdyh, arhdn-arhdn jednnudhghd olihdnhd `esljhi udtug

jedyhthghd hdngh. Dhjud, `hihj rhdnghlhd slstej `lnlthi, jlshidyh

ghiguihtar hthu gajputer, hdngh `ldyhthghd `hihj oedtug ga`e older.

[eihld ltu, jhslf ohdyhg ga`e ihld yhdn `lnudhghd `hihj suhtu slstej

`lnlthi udtug jedyhthghd hdngh serth furuc hichoet.

8.?. Pumuhd 

8.  Jednethful cudnsl rhdnghlhd `ega`er `hd edga`er.

?.  Jhjpu jedyusud rhdnghlhd `ega`er `hd edga`er `ednhd

 oerohnhl gajoldhsldyh. 

8/9/2019 Rangkaian Enkoder & Dekoder

2/18

? 

OHO LL

PLDMHUHD RU[PHGH 

?.8 _hdnghlhd @ega`er

_hdnghlhd `ega`er h`hihf rhdnghlhd ianlgh gajoldhsladhi yhdn oercudnsl

jednuohf ga`e older jedmh`l sldyhi `lsgrlt (Hdadyjaus, d.`.).

_hdnghlhd ldl `hpht `loedtug jednnudhghd nerohdn HD@ ( ) `hd A_

( ) (Hdadyjaus ?, d.`.).

[eouhf `ega`er fhrus jejedufl syhrht perhdkhdnhd j ≠ ?d. Shrlhoei j 

h`hihf gajoldhsl geiuhrhd `hd d h`hihf mujihf olt jhsughd. Mh`l, `ega`er

`ednhd ; jhsughd hghd jejlilgl jhgsljhi ?; : 6 geiuhrhd. Fhdyh shtu

geiuhrhd yhdn `l-hssert   (`lhgtlcghd ‐ ̀ luohf ge dlihl 8 udtug gad`lsl

ianlgh pasltlc Whktlve-flnfZ hthu ge dlihl 2 udtug gad`lsl ianlgh denhtlc

Whktlve-iawZ) `hihj shtu whgtu (ade-fat edka`e` ) (^l`lhdta, ?288). [htu

gajoldhsl jhsughd fhdyh `hpht jewhglil shtu gajoldhsl geiuhrhd

(Hdadyjaus, d.`.).

V \ C2 C8 C? C;

2 2 8 2 2 2

2 8 2 8 2 2

8 2 2 2 8 2

8 8 2 2 2 8

Phoei ?.8. Phoei Geoedhrhd @ega`er ? ta 0  

8/9/2019 Rangkaian Enkoder & Dekoder

3/18

; 

@hrl thoei `l hths, `hpht `louht cudnsl geiuhrhd seohnhl oerlgut =

@hrl pershjhhd terseout, jhgh rhdnghlhd nerohdndyh `hpht `louht sepertl

 ph`h nhjohr oerlgut =

(Hdadyjaus, d.`.).

[eihld `ega`er ? ta 0, ter`hpht puih `ega`er ; ta 6 yhdn jednuohf tlnh

 ouhf jhsughd ge `hihj 6 ouhf geiuhrhd.

(Hdadyjaus ?, d.`.).

Nhjohr ?.8. _hdnghlhd @ega`er ? ta 0 

Nhjohr ?.?. Phoei Geoedhrhd `hd @lhnrhjOiag @ega`er ; ta 6  

8/9/2019 Rangkaian Enkoder & Dekoder

4/18

0 

LK `ega`er `lhpilghslghd ph`h  seved senjedt , pednadtrai ihjpu ihiu

ildths, pednhihjhthd jejarl, seohnhl `ega`er jhtrlg, `hd seohnhldyh

(Hdadyjaus, d.`.).

(^l`lhdta, ?288)

?.? _hdnghlhd Edga`er

Edga`er h`hihf rhdnghlhd ianlgh gajoldhsladhi yhdn jejpudyhl slcht

yhdn oergeohilghd `ednhd `ega`er, yhltu oercudnsl udtug jednga`eghd

suhtu sldyhi `lsgrlt jedmh`l geiuhrhd ga`e older (Hdadyjaus, d.`.).

Edga`er older jednga`eghd ldcarjhsl (`hth) `hrl jhsughd ?d  ge `hihj

ga`e geiuhrhd d-olt. [hihf shtu jhsughd (`hd fhdyh shtu jhsughd) fhrus

jejpudyhl dlihl 8 (ade-fat edka`ldn ). Geiuhrhd jerepresedthslghd

 olihdnhd older yhdn jednl`edtlclghsl jhsughd jhdh yhdn jejpudyhl

dlihl 8 (^l`lhdta, ?288).

Nhjohr ?.;. @eshld _eh`-Adiy J ejary  (_AJ) 

8/9/2019 Rangkaian Enkoder & Dekoder

5/18

5 

@hrl thoei `l hths, `hpht `louht cudnsl geiuhrhd seohnhl oerlgut =

@hrl pershjhhd terseout, jhgh rhdnghlhd nerohdndyh `hpht `louht sepertl

 ph`h nhjohr oerlgut =

(Hdadyjaus, d.`.).

Phoei ?.?. Phoei Geoedhrhd Edga`er 6 ta ;  

Nhjohr ?.0. _hdnghlhd Edga`er 6 ta ;  

8/9/2019 Rangkaian Enkoder & Dekoder

6/18

3 

Mh`l, rhdnghlhd edga`er jednurhdnl mujihf olt yhdn `lperiughd udtug

jerepresedthslghd suhtu ldcarjhsl (`hth). _hdnghlhd ldl `lnudhghd udtugtrhdsjlsl ldcarjhsl `hihj slstej `lnlthi ghredh jednurhdnl mujihf

shiurhd trhdsjlsl hthu ruhdn pedyljphdhd (^l`lhdta, ?288).

Jejouht suhtu `ega`er `hd edga`er `hpht `lihgughd `ednhd `uh khrh, yhltu

(8) jednnudhghd nerohdn-nerohdn `hshr yhdn `lsusud jejoedtug cudnsl

`ega`er hthu edga`er, `hd (?) jednnudhghd LK `ega`er `hd edga`er yhdn

 ohdyhg ter`hpht `l phshrhd (Hdadyjaus, d.`.), sepertl >0I[06, >0I[850,

>0I[8;6, >0I[855, `hd seohnhldyh. @ednhd jednnudhghd LK `ega`er yhdn

teihf h`h `l phshrhd, sesearhdn `hpht jerhdkhdn `ega`er `ednhd mujihf olt

`hd geiuhrhd yhdn `lldnldghd (\u`lhdtlgh, ?288).

8/9/2019 Rangkaian Enkoder & Dekoder

7/18

> 

OHO LLL

JEPA@AIANL RE_KAOHHD 

;.8 

Hiht `hd Ohfhd

H`hpud hiht `hd ohfhd yhdn `lnudhghd `hihj perkaohhd rhdnghlhd

`ega`er h`hihf =

Nhjohr ;.8.8. [ujoer tenhdnhd 5 Sait @K

Nhjohr ;.8.?. Ghoei Ghwht Pudnnhi

Nhjohr ;.8.;. Rrata Oahr`  

8/9/2019 Rangkaian Enkoder & Dekoder

8/18

6 

[e`hdnghd hiht `hd ohfhd yhdn `lnudhghd udtug jejoedtug rhdnghlhd

edga`er h`hihf =

Nhjohr ;.8.0. Ihjpu IE@

Nhjohr ;.8.5. LK >0I[8;6

Nhjohr ;.8.3. [ujoer tenhdnhd 5 Sait @K

Nhjohr ;.8.>. Ghoei Ghwht Pudnnhi

8/9/2019 Rangkaian Enkoder & Dekoder

9/18

< 

;.? Ihdnghf Rerkaohhd

_hdnghlhd ̀ ega`er

8.  Jedyusud rhdnghlhd `ega`er 0-olt `ednhd jednnudhghd `uh

`ega`er older ?-olt.

?.  Jednhjhtl fhsli geiuhrhddyh, geju`lhd jednlsl thoei yhdn teihf

`lse`lhghd ph`h iejohr germh.

;.  Jedyusud rhdnghlhd `ega`er 82-olt (yhdn `lnudhghd fhdyh ; olt

shmh) `ednhd jednnudhghd `ega`er older ;-olt, nerohdn DHD@ 6

jhsughd, `hd oeoerhph nerohdn DAP. [eteihfdyh, jednuihdnl ihnl

ihdnghf (?).

Nhjohr ;.8.6. Rrata Oahr`  

Nhjohr ;.8.0I[ serles  

8/9/2019 Rangkaian Enkoder & Dekoder

10/18

82 

_hdnghlhd edga`er

8.  Jedyusud rhdnghlhd `ega`er 6 ta ;.

?. 

Jednhjhtl fhsli geiuhrhddyh, geju`lhd jednlsl thoei yhdn teihf`lse`lhghd ph`h iejohr germh.

8/9/2019 Rangkaian Enkoder & Dekoder

11/18

88 

OHO LS

FH[LI @HD REJOHFH[HD

[hihf shtu medls `hrl rhdnghlhd `ega`er h`hihf `ega`er ;x6, yhltu `ega`er yhdn

jednhjoli ; ouhf ldput   `hd jedneiuhrghd 6 ouhf autput . @lhnrhj oiag `hrl

`ega`er ;x6 `ltudmugghd ph`h Nhjohr ?.?.

Udtug jednethful khrh germh `ega`er `hihj jedermejhfghd ga`e older jedmh`l

 olihdnhd `esljhi, oerlgut `loerlghd shildhd `hrl thoei geoedhrhd rhdnghlhd

`ega`er ;x6 yhdn `lhjoli `hrl Nhjohr ?.?. =

LDRUP AUPRUP

V \ ] C2 C8 C? C; C0 C5 C3 C>

2 2 2 8 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 8 2 8 2 2 2 2 2 2

2 8 2 2 2 8 2 2 2 2 2

2 8 8 2 2 2 8 2 2 2 2

8 2 2 2 2 2 2 8 2 2 2

8 2 8 2 2 2 2 2 8 2 2

8 8 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 8 2

8 8 8 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 8

Jhgdh `hrl dlihl-dlihl yhdn terterh ph`h thoei `l hths h`hihf =

  Mlgh V, \, `hd ] tl`hg hgtlc, jhgh mhiur C2 hgtlc.

  Mlgh V `hd \ tl`hg hgtlc, se`hdnghd ] hgtlc, jhgh mhiur C8 hgtlc.

Phoei 0.8. Phoei Geoedhrhd @ega`er ;x6

8/9/2019 Rangkaian Enkoder & Dekoder

12/18

8? 

  Mlgh V `hd ] tl`hg hgtlc, se`hdnghd \ hgtlc, jhgh mhiur C? hgtlc.

  Mlgh V tl`hg hgtlc, se`hdnghd \ `hd ] hgtlc, jhgh mhiur C; hgtlc.

  Mlgh \`hd ] tl`hg hgtlc, se`hdnghd V hgtlc, jhgh mhiur C0 hgtlc.

  Mlgh \ tl`hg hgtlc, se`hdnghd V `hd ] hgtlc, jhgh mhiur C5 hgtlc.

  Mlgh ] tl`hg hgtlc, se`hdnghd V `hd \ hgtlc, jhgh mhiur C3 hgtlc.

  Mlgh V, \, `hd ] hgtlc, jhgh mhiur C> hgtlc.

Jhgsu` `hrl geh`hhd ’hgtlc‚ `l sldl yhltu mhiur yhdn oershdnguthd jejlilgl dlihl

ianlgh 8 (hktlve-flnf), se`hdnghd ’tl`hg hgtlc‚ h`hihf geohilghddyh, yhgdl

jejlilgl dlihl ianlgh 2 (hktlve-iaw).

[lcht `hrl rhdnghlhd `ega`er ldl `lturudghd `hrl sgejh pednadverslhd olihdnhd

 older ge olihdnhd `esljhi (seohnhljhdh cudnsldyh). Hdnnhp V, \, `hd ] seohnhl

ga`e older ; `lnlt se`hdnghd ohrlshd autput  seohnhl olihdnhd `esljhi yhdn ter`lrl

`hrl hdngh 2->.

222 : 2 Þ ?? + 2 Þ ?8 + 2 Þ ?2 : 2 (C2 hgtlc) 

228 : 2 Þ ?? + 2 Þ ?8 + 8 Þ ?2 : 8 (C8 hgtlc) 

282 : 2 Þ ?? + 8 Þ ?8 + 2 Þ ?2 : ? (C? hgtlc) 

288 : 2 Þ ?? + 8 Þ ?8 + 8 Þ ?2 : ; (C; hgtlc) 

822 : 8 Þ ?? + 2 Þ ?8 + 2 Þ ?2 : 0 (C0 hgtlc) 

828 : 8 Þ ?? + 2 Þ ?8 + 8 Þ ?2 : 5 (C5 hgtlc) 

882 : 8 Þ ?? + 8 Þ ?8 + 2 Þ ?2 : 3 (C3 hgtlc) 

888 : 8 Þ ?? + 8 Þ ?8 + 8 Þ ?2 : > (C> hgtlc) 

Fhi yhdn shjh oerihgu udtug `ega`er 0x83. Rh`h `ega`er terseout, `lnudhghd 0

 mhiur ldput  yhdn hghd jedneiuhrghd 83 mhiur autput .

Per`hpht se`lglt peroe`hhd ph`h autput   yhdn `lfhslighd aief `ega`er 0x82.

@ega`er ldl tl`hg hghd jedneiuhrghd autput  hphpud ph`h ldput   older yhdn mlgh

8/9/2019 Rangkaian Enkoder & Dekoder

13/18

8; 

`l`ega`eghd ge olihdnhd `esljhi hghd jedmh`l hdngh 82, 88, 8?, 8;, 80, `hd 85,

`lghredhghd mhiur autput  yhdn terse`lh fhdyh shjphl ph`h hdngh C6 C<

2 2 2 2 8 2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

-

2 2 2 8 2 8 2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

-

2 2 8 2 2 

2 

8 2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

-

2 2 8 8 2 

2 

2 

8 2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

-

2 8 2 2 2 

2 

2 

2 

8 2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

-

2 8 2 8 2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

8 2 

2 

2 

2 

-2 8 8 2 2

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

8 2 

2 

2 

-

2 8 8 8 2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

8 2 

2 

-

8 2 2 2 2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

8 2 -

8 2 2 8 2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 8 -

8 2 8 2 2 2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  JHPL

8 2 8 8 2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  JHPL

8 8 2 2 2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

JHPL8 8 2 8 2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  JHPL

8 8 8 2 2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  JHPL

8 8 8 8 2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  JHPL

H`hpud medls `ega`er ihld yhdn serldn `lphghl `hihj gefl`uphd sefhrl-fhrl

h`hihf `ega`er  OK@ ta  >   senjedt   (0x>). Rrldslp germh `hrl `ega`er  OK@ ta >

 senjedt   jejlilgl gegfusushd tersed`lrl `ljhdh gajoldhsl `hrl setlhp ldputdyh

`hpht jednhgtlcghd oeoerhph ilde  autput   seghilnus, yhdn geju`lhd hghd

jednfl`upghd ihjpu IE@ yhdn oersesuhlhd.

Phoei 0.?. Phoei Geoedhrhd @ega`er 0x82

Nhjohr 0.8. >-[enjedt @lspihy  

8/9/2019 Rangkaian Enkoder & Dekoder

14/18

80 

Phoei geoedhrhd serth slrgult `ega`er  OK@ ta >-senjedt  `lperilfhtghd sepertl `l

 ohwhf ldl =

(@aktradlks, ?22-[enjedt  

Nhjohr 0.;. [lrgult @ega`er OK@ ta >-[enjedt  

8/9/2019 Rangkaian Enkoder & Dekoder

15/18

85 

Edga`er h`hihf geohilghd `hrl rhdnghlhd `ega`er, sefldnnh prldslp germhdyh pud

 oergeohilghd. Mlgh `ega`er fhdyh jednhgtlcghd shtu mhiur autput   udtug setlhp

gajoldhsl ldput , edga`er `hpht jednhgtlcghd ieolf `hrl shtu mhiur udtug setlhp

ldput  yhdn `l`hphtdyh.

Oerlgut ldl `loerlghd thoei geoedhrhd serth rhdnghlhd slrgult `hrl edga`er `ekljhi

ta OK@ (edga`er 82x0) =

 Dlihl-dlihl yhdn jednlsl thoei geoedhrhd `l hths sesuhl `ednhd ghl`hf

 pednadverslhd olihdnhd `esljhi ge olihdnhd older. [eohnhl kadtaf, >82  olih

Nhjohr 0.0. Phoei Geoedhrhd Edga`er 82x0

Nhjohr 0.5. [lrgult Edga`er 82x0

8/9/2019 Rangkaian Enkoder & Dekoder

16/18

83 

`ldyhthghd `hihj ga`e older hghd jedmh`l 2888?. Mlgh mhiur ldput   L> hgtlc, jhgh

edga`er hghd jednhgtlcghd mhiur H, O, `hd K, se`hdnghd @ tl`hg hgtlc.

>82 : 2888? 

[gejh yhdn shjh oerihgu udtug medls ldput  yhdn ihld. Rerfltudnhd `l ohwhf ldl

hghd jedmeihsghddyh sekhrh `ethli.

282 : 2222?  (H, O, K, `hd @ tl`hg hgtlc) 

882 : 2228?  (H hgtlc,se`hdnghd O, K, `hd @ tl`hg hgtlc) 

?82 : 2282?  (O hgtlc,se`hdnghd H, K, `hd @ tl`hg hgtlc) 

;82 : 2288?  (H `hd O hgtlc,se`hdnghd K ̀ hd @ tl`hg hgtlc) 

082 : 2822?  (K hgtlc,se`hdnghd H, O, `hd @ tl`hg hgtlc) 

582 : 2828?  (H `hd K hgtlc, se`hdnghd O `hd @ tl`hg hgtlc) 

382 : 2882?  (O `hd K hgtlc, se`hdnghd H `hd @ tl`hg hgtlc) 

>82 : 2888?  (H, O, `hd K hgtlc, se`hdnghd @ tl`hg hgtlc) 

682 : 8222?  (@ hgtlc,se`hdnghd H, O, `hd K tl`hg hgtlc) 

8/9/2019 Rangkaian Enkoder & Dekoder

17/18

8> 

OHO S

GE[LJRUIHD

8) 

_hdnghlhd `ega`er h`hihf rhdnghlhd yhdn jed`ega`eghd ga`e older

jedmh`l sldyhi-sldyhi `lsgrlt (olihdnhd `esljhi), se`hdnghd edga`er

 oercudnsl seohilgdyh.

?) 

Rrldslp germh `ega`er h`hihf `ednhd jednhgtlcghd fhdyh shtu mhiur autput  

udtug setlhp gajoldhsl ldput  (gekuhil udtug `ega`er  OK@ ta >-senjedt ),

se`hdnghd edga`er `hpht jednhgtlcghd oeoerhph mhiur autput  udtug setlhp

ldput  yhdn `l`hphtghddyh.

;)  Per`hpht oerjhkhj-jhkhj medls rhdnghlhd `ega`er `hd edga`er, `l

hdthrhdyh `ega`er ?x0, `ega`er ;x6, `ega`er 0x82, `ega`er 0x>, edga`er

6x;, `hd edga`er 82x0. Dajldhi terseout jednlgutl ghl`hf perhdkhdnhd

rhdnghlhd j  ≠ ?d, `ljhdh j  h`hihf mujihf gajoldhsl geiuhrhd `hd d 

h`hihf mujihf olt ldput   udtug rhdnghlhd `ega`er, se`hdnghd j  h`hihf

 mujihf gajoldhsl ldput   `hd d  h`hihf mujihf olt autput   udtug rhdnghlhd

edga`er.

0)   Dlihl-dlihl yhdn jednlsl thoei-thoei geoedhrhd rhdnghlhd edga`er `hd

`ega`er `hpht `lphfhjl jeihiul sgejh pedermejhfhd olihdnhd `esljhi ge

ga`e older hthu pedngaverslhd `hrl ga`e older ge olihdnhd `esljhi.

8/9/2019 Rangkaian Enkoder & Dekoder

18/18

86 

@HCPH_ RU[PHGH

Hdadyjaus. (d.`.). _hdnghlhd Ianlgh Gajoldhsladhi `hd [equedslhi . @lhgses

 ph`h thdnnhi ? Davejoer ?28?, pugui 8;.0> ^LO, `hrl

fttp=//h`lsupe.clies.war`press.kaj/?282/2>/ja`uiQ;Q-

 QrhdngQgajoQsequedslhi.p`c. 

Hdadyjaus ?. (d.`.). @eka`er, Edka`er, Kajphrhtar . @lhgses ph`h thdnnhi ?

 Davejoer ?28?, pugui 8?.;5 ^LO, `hrl fttp=//iekturer.eepls-

lts.e`u/~prljh/eiegtradlgh%?2`lnlthi/eiegtradlghQ`lnlthi8/ohfhdQhmhr/Oho6

hQ@eka`%?2Edka`.p`c. 

@aktradlks, E`ukhtladhi Ruoilsfldn car @eslnd & Pekfdaiany. (?22-senjedt `eka`er `rlver . @lhgses ph`h thdnnhi 8? Davejoer

?28?, pugui 26.52 ^LO, `hrl fttp=//www.`aktradlks.ka.ug/0588.ftj. 

^l`lhdta, Ega @l`lg. (?288). _hdnghlhd Gajoldhsladhi . @lhgses ph`h thdnnhi ?

 Davejoer ?28?, pugui 8;.0< L̂O, `hrl

fttp=//`l`lg.oian.ud`lp.hk.l`/clies/?28?/2?/P[G?25-Guilhf82-

_hdnghlhdGajoldhsladhi-v?.p`c. 

\u`lhdtlgh, H`ltyh _lzgl. (?288). Putarlhi Pegdlg @lnlthi = @eka`er > [enjed.@lhgses ph`h thdnnhi ? Davejoer ?28?, pugui 8?.;0 ^LO, `hrl

fttp=//www.h`ltyhrlzgl.det/?288/2>/tutarlhi-tegdlg-`lnlthi-`eka`er->-

senjed/.