Higher / Int.2 Philosophy 15

Higher / Int.2 Philosophy 15

‘‘The Master said, The man of The Master said, The man of wisdom is never in two minds; the wisdom is never in two minds; the man of benevolence never worries; man of benevolence never worries; the man of courage is never afraid.’the man of courage is never afraid.’

ConfuciusConfucius

Philosophy – Moral PhilosophyPhilosophy – Moral PhilosophyPhilosophy – Moral PhilosophyPhilosophy – Moral Philosophy

Higher / Int.2 Philosophy 15

Our LearningOur Learning

NAB returns for Dyce PupilsNAB returns for Dyce Pupils (Resits arranged)(Resits arranged) Moral Stepping Stones – dilemmasMoral Stepping Stones – dilemmas To the notes – a brief history of To the notes – a brief history of

moral thought…moral thought…

Higher / Int.2 Philosophy 15

PhilosophyPhilosophy ==

MoralityMorality==

MotiveMotive ==

ConsequenceConsequence ==

From the Greek From the Greek ‘‘Philosophia’ meaning Philosophia’ meaning love of wisdomlove of wisdom(ethics) the study of the (ethics) the study of the concepts involved in practical concepts involved in practical reasoning – good, right, duty, reasoning – good, right, duty, obligation, virtue, freedom….obligation, virtue, freedom….

Intention, moral or goal Intention, moral or goal that someone has for that someone has for doing somethingdoing something

The results or after-The results or after-effects of an action…effects of an action…

Higher / Int.2 Philosophy 15

Stepping Stones GameStepping Stones Game

Higher / Int.2 Philosophy 15

Moral Stepping StonesMoral Stepping StonesDilemma OneDilemma OneA pregnant woman leading a group of people out of a cave on a coast is A pregnant woman leading a group of people out of a cave on a coast is stuck in the mouth of that cave. In a short time high tide will be upon stuck in the mouth of that cave. In a short time high tide will be upon them, and unless she is unstuck, they will all be drowned except the them, and unless she is unstuck, they will all be drowned except the pregnant woman whose head is out of the cave. [But, fortunately, or pregnant woman whose head is out of the cave. [But, fortunately, or unfortunately, someone has with them a stick of dynamite.] There seems unfortunately, someone has with them a stick of dynamite.] There seems no way to get the pregnant woman loose without using [that] dynamite no way to get the pregnant woman loose without using [that] dynamite which will inevitably kill her; but if they do not use it everyone will drown. which will inevitably kill her; but if they do not use it everyone will drown. What should they do?What should they do?

Dilemma TwoDilemma TwoRonnie Smith, a quite competent swimmer, is out for a leisurely stroll. Ronnie Smith, a quite competent swimmer, is out for a leisurely stroll. During the course of his walk he passes by a deserted pier from which a During the course of his walk he passes by a deserted pier from which a teenage boy who apparently cannot swim has fallen into the water. The teenage boy who apparently cannot swim has fallen into the water. The boy is screaming for help.boy is screaming for help.

Higher / Int.2 Philosophy 15

To the NotesTo the Notes

Higher / Int.2 Philosophy 15

(Moral) Relativism v Absolutism(Moral) Relativism v Absolutism

There is no objectiveThere is no objectivestandard of morality, thatstandard of morality, thatright & wrong are relativeright & wrong are relativeto time, place and personto time, place and person

A Moral Command orA Moral Command orprohibition that’s true for allprohibition that’s true for all

time, in all places and intime, in all places and inall situations.all situations.

RelativistRelativist

AbsolutistAbsolutist

Higher / Int.2 Philosophy 15

ABSOLUTISM v RELATIVISMABSOLUTISM v RELATIVISM

Hands up for RELATIVISM!Hands up for RELATIVISM!

If you thought that all morals were If you thought that all morals were relative, what is your view on Thomas relative, what is your view on Thomas Hamilton, Harold Shipman, the Twin Hamilton, Harold Shipman, the Twin Towers attacks, even Adolf Hitler? Do you Towers attacks, even Adolf Hitler? Do you see the difficulty?see the difficulty?

Higher / Int.2 Philosophy 15

ABSOLUTISM v RELATIVISMABSOLUTISM v RELATIVISM

Hands up for Absolutism!Hands up for Absolutism!

If you thought that all morals were If you thought that all morals were absolute (fixed), how do you explain that absolute (fixed), how do you explain that previously homosexuality was considered previously homosexuality was considered wrong, women voting wrong and slavery wrong, women voting wrong and slavery perfectly acceptable? We could add perfectly acceptable? We could add capital punishment, corporal punishment, capital punishment, corporal punishment, child labour etc etc….child labour etc etc….Do you see the difficulty?Do you see the difficulty?

Higher / Int.2 Philosophy 15

Teleological TheoriesTeleological Theorieslook forward to thelook forward to theend of an act to decideend of an act to decidewhat is right and wrong. what is right and wrong.

TWO TYPES OF MORAL THEORYTWO TYPES OF MORAL THEORY

TELEOLOGICAL V DEONTOLOGICALTELEOLOGICAL V DEONTOLOGICAL

Deontological TheoriesDeontological Theorieslook backwards tolook backwards todecide right and wrong. decide right and wrong.

TELOS = END MOTIVES / RULES

Higher / Int.2 Philosophy 15

TWO TYPES OF MORAL THEORYTWO TYPES OF MORAL THEORY

ACTACT

TELEOLOGICAL / TELEOLOGICAL / CONSEQUENTIALISTCONSEQUENTIALIST

DEONTOLOGICALDEONTOLOGICAL

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GLOSSARY STOP!GLOSSARY STOP!

(MORAL) RELATIVISM(MORAL) RELATIVISM(MORAL) ABSOLUTISM(MORAL) ABSOLUTISMHEDONISMHEDONISMTELEOLOGICALTELEOLOGICALDEONTOLOGICALDEONTOLOGICALINTRINSICINTRINSICEXTRINSICEXTRINSIC

Higher / Int.2 Philosophy 15

Our LearningOur Learning

NAB returns for Dyce PupilsNAB returns for Dyce Pupils (Resits arranged)(Resits arranged) Moral Stepping Stones – dilemmasMoral Stepping Stones – dilemmas To the notes – a brief history of To the notes – a brief history of

moral thought…moral thought…