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    11.5.2 Mathematical Functions

    11.7 What Calendar Is Used By MySQL?

    Section Navigation [Toggle]

    11 Functions and Operators

    11.1 Operator and FunctionReference

    11.2 Operators

    11.3 Control Flow Functions11.4 String Functions

    11.5 Numeric Functions

    11.6 Date and Time Functions

    11.7 What Calendar Is Used ByMySQL?

    11.8 Full-Text Search Functions

    11.9 Cast Functions andOperators

    11.10 XML Functions

    11.11 Other Functions

    11.12 Functions and Modifiersfor Use with GROUP BYClauses

    11.13 Spatial Extensions

    11.14 Precision Math

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    MySQL 5.1 Reference Manual :: 11 Functions and Operators :: 11.6 Date and Time Functions

    11.6. Date and Time Functions

    This section describes the functions that can be used tomanipulate temporal values. See Section 10.3, Date andTime Types, for a description of the range of values eachdate and time type has and the valid formats in whichvalues may be specified.

    Table 11.12. Date/Time Functions

    Name Description

    ADDDATE()(v4.1.1) Add time values (intervals) to adate value

    ADDTIME()(v4.1.1) Add time

    CONVERT_TZ()(v4.1.3) Convert from one timezone toanother

    CURDATE() Return the current date

    CURRENT_DATE(),CURRENT_DATE

    Synonyms for CURDATE()

    CURRENT_TIME(),CURRENT_TIME

    Synonyms for CURTIME()

    CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(),CURRENT_TIMESTAMP

    Synonyms for NOW()

    CURTIME() Return the current time

    DATE_ADD() Add time values (intervals) to adate value

    DATE_FORMAT() Format date as specified

    DATE_SUB() Subtract a time value (interval)from a date

    DATE()(v4.1.1) Extract the date part of a date or

    datetime expressionDATEDIFF()(v4.1.1) Subtract two dates

    DAY()(v4.1.1) Synonym for DAYOFMONTH()

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    Name Description

    DAYNAME()(v4.1.21) Return the name of the weekday

    DAYOFMONTH() Return the day of the month (0-31)

    DAYOFWEEK() Return the weekday index of theargument

    DAYOFYEAR() Return the day of the year (1-366)

    EXTRACT() Extract part of a date

    FROM_DAYS() Convert a day number to a date

    FROM_UNIXTIME() Format UNIX timestamp as a date

    GET_FORMAT()(v4.1.1) Return a date format string

    HOUR() Extract the hour

    LAST_DAY(v4.1.1) Return the last day of the monthfor the argument

    LOCALTIME(),LOCALTIME

    Synonym for NOW()

    LOCALTIMESTAMP,LOCALTIMESTAMP()

    (v4.0.6)

    Synonym for NOW()

    MAKEDATE()(v4.1.1) Create a date from the year andday of year

    MAKETIME(v4.1.1) MAKETIME()

    MICROSECOND()(v4.1.1) Return the microseconds fromargument

    MINUTE() Return the minute from theargument

    MONTH() Return the month from the datepassed

    MONTHNAME()(v4.1.21) Return the name of the month

    NOW() Return the current date and time

    PERIOD_ADD() Add a period to a year-month

    PERIOD_DIFF() Return the number of monthsbetween periods

    QUARTER() Return the quarter from a dateargument

    SEC_TO_TIME() Converts seconds to 'HH:MM:SS'format

    SECOND() Return the second (0-59)

    STR_TO_DATE()(v4.1.1) Convert a string to a date

    SUBDATE() A synonym for DATE_SUB()when invoked with three

    argumentsSUBTIME()(v4.1.1) Subtract times

    SYSDATE() Return the time at which thefunction executes

    TIME_FORMAT() Format as time

    TIME_TO_SEC() Return the argument converted toseconds

    TIME()(v4.1.1) Extract the time portion of theexpression passed

    TIMEDIFF()(v4.1.1) Subtract time

    TIMESTAMP()(v4.1.1) With a single argument, thisfunction returns the date or

    datetime expression; with twoarguments, the sum of thearguments

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    Name Description

    TIMESTAMPADD()(v5.0.0) Add an interval to a datetimeexpression

    TIMESTAMPDIFF()

    (v5.0.0)Subtract an interval from adatetime expression

    TO_DAYS() Return the date argumentconverted to days

    UNIX_TIMESTAMP() Return a UNIX timestamp

    UTC_DATE()(v4.1.1) Return the current UTC date

    UTC_TIME()(v4.1.1) Return the current UTC time

    UTC_TIMESTAMP()

    (v4.1.1)Return the current UTC date andtime

    WEEK() Return the week number

    WEEKDAY() Return the weekday index

    WEEKOFYEAR()(v4.1.1) Return the calendar week of thedate (0-53)

    YEAR() Return the year

    YEARWEEK() Return the year and week

    Here is an example that uses date functions. The following query selects all rows with a date_col value from within the last 30 days:

    mysql> SELECT something FROM tbl_name

    -> WHERE DATE_SUB(CURDATE(),INTERVAL 30 DAY)

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    ADDDATE(date,INTERVAL exprunit),ADDDATE(expr,days)

    When invoked with the INTERVAL form of the second argument,ADDDATE() is a synonym forDATE_ADD(). The related function SUBDATE() is a synonym for DATE_SUB(). For informationon the INTERVALunit argument, see the discussion for DATE_ADD().

    mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD('2008-01-02', INTERVAL 31 DAY);

    -> '2008-02-02'mysql> SELECT ADDDATE('2008-01-02', INTERVAL 31 DAY);

    -> '2008-02-02'

    When invoked with the days form of the second argument, MySQL treats it as an integernumber of days to be added to expr.

    mysql> SELECT ADDDATE('2008-01-02', 31);

    -> '2008-02-02'

    ADDTIME(expr1,expr2)

    ADDTIME() adds expr2 to expr1 and returns the result. expr1 is a time or datetimeexpression, and expr2 is a time expression.

    mysql> SELECT ADDTIME('2007-12-31 23:59:59.999999', '1 1:1:1.000002');

    -> '2008-01-02 01:01:01.000001'

    mysql> SELECT ADDTIME('01:00:00.999999', '02:00:00.999998');

    -> '03:00:01.999997'

    CONVERT_TZ(dt,from_tz,to_tz)

    CONVERT_TZ() converts a datetime value dt from the time zone given by from_tz to the time

    zone given by to_tz and returns the resulting value. Time zones are specified as described inSection 9.6, MySQL Server Time Zone Support. This function returnsNULL if the argumentsare invalid.

    If the value falls out of the supported range of the TIMESTAMP type when converted fromfrom_tz to UTC, no conversion occurs. The TIMESTAMP range is described in Section 10.1.2,Overview of Date and Time Types.

    mysql> SELECT CONVERT_TZ('2004-01-01 12:00:00','GMT','MET');

    -> '2004-01-01 13:00:00'

    mysql> SELECT CONVERT_TZ('2004-01-01 12:00:00','+00:00','+10:00');

    -> '2004-01-01 22:00:00'

    Note

    To use named time zones such as 'MET' or 'Europe/Moscow', the timezone tables must be properly set up. See Section 9.6, MySQL Server TimeZone Support, for instructions.

    Before MySQL 5.1.17, if you intend to use CONVERT_TZ() while other tables are locked withLOCK TABLES, you must also lock themysql.time_zone_name table. See Section 12.3.5,LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Syntax.

    CURDATE()

    Returns the current date as a value in 'YYYY-MM-DD' or YYYYMMDD format, depending onwhether the function is used in a string or numeric context.

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    mysql> SELECT CURDATE();

    -> '2008-06-13'

    mysql> SELECT CURDATE() + 0;

    -> 20080613

    CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_DATE()

    CURRENT_DATE and CURRENT_DATE() are synonyms for CURDATE().

    CURTIME()

    Returns the current time as a value in 'HH:MM:SS' or HHMMSS.uuuuuu format, depending onwhether the function is used in a string or numeric context. The value is expressed in thecurrent time zone.

    mysql> SELECT CURTIME();

    -> '23:50:26'

    mysql> SELECT CURTIME() + 0;

    -> 235026.000000

    CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_TIME()

    CURRENT_TIME and CURRENT_TIME() are synonyms for CURTIME().

    CURRENT_TIMESTAMP , CURRENT_TIMESTAMP()

    CURRENT_TIMESTAMP and CURRENT_TIMESTAMP()are synonyms forNOW().

    DATE(expr)

    Extracts the date part of the date or datetime expression expr.

    mysql> SELECT DATE('2003-12-31 01:02:03');

    -> '2003-12-31'

    DATEDIFF(expr1,expr2)

    DATEDIFF() returns expr1 expr2 expressed as a value in days from one date to the other.expr1 and expr2 are date or date-and-time expressions. Only the date parts of the valuesare used in the calculation.

    mysql> SELECT DATEDIFF('2007-12-31 23:59:59','2007-12-30');

    -> 1

    mysql> SELECT DATEDIFF('2010-11-30 23:59:59','2010-12-31');

    -> -31

    DATE_ADD(date,INTERVAL exprunit), DATE_SUB(date,INTERVAL exprunit)

    These functions perform date arithmetic. The date argument specifies the starting date ordatetime value. expr is an expression specifying the interval value to be added or subtractedfrom the starting date. expr is a string; it may start with a - for negative intervals. unit is akeyword indicating the units in which the expression should be interpreted.

    The INTERVAL keyword and the unit specifier are not case sensitive.

    The following table shows the expected form of the expr argument for each unit value.

    unit Value ExpectedexprFormat

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    MICROSECOND MICROSECONDS

    SECOND SECONDS

    MINUTE MINUTES

    HOUR HOURS

    DAY DAYS

    WEEK WEEKS

    MONTH MONTHS

    QUARTER QUARTERS

    YEAR YEARS

    SECOND_MICROSECOND 'SECONDS.MICROSECONDS'

    MINUTE_MICROSECOND 'MINUTES:SECONDS.MICROSECONDS'

    MINUTE_SECOND 'MINUTES:SECONDS'

    HOUR_MICROSECOND 'HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS.MICROSECONDS'

    HOUR_SECOND 'HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS'

    HOUR_MINUTE 'HOURS:MINUTES'

    DAY_MICROSECOND 'DAYS HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS.MICROSECONDS'

    DAY_SECOND 'DAYS HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS'DAY_MINUTE 'DAYS HOURS:MINUTES'

    DAY_HOUR 'DAYS HOURS'

    YEAR_MONTH 'YEARS-MONTHS'

    The return value depends on the arguments:

    DATETIME if the first argument is a DATETIME (or TIMESTAMP) value, or if the firstargument is a DATE and the unit value uses HOURS,MINUTES, or SECONDS.

    String otherwise.

    To ensure that the result is DATETIME, you can use CAST() to convert the first argument toDATETIME.

    MySQL allows any punctuation delimiter in the expr format. Those shown in the table are thesuggested delimiters. If the date argument is a DATE value and your calculations involve onlyYEAR,MONTH, and DAY parts (that is, no time parts), the result is a DATE value. Otherwise, theresult is a DATETIME value.

    Date arithmetic also can be performed using INTERVAL together with the + or - operator:

    date + INTERVAL exprunit

    date - INTERVAL exprunit

    INTERVAL exprunit is allowed on either side of the + operator if the expression on theother side is a date or datetime value. For the - operator, INTERVAL exprunit is allowedonly on the right side, because it makes no sense to subtract a date or datetime value from aninterval.

    mysql> SELECT '2008-12-31 23:59:59' + INTERVAL 1 SECOND;

    -> '2009-01-01 00:00:00'

    mysql> SELECT INTERVAL 1 DAY + '2008-12-31';

    -> '2009-01-01'

    mysql> SELECT '2005-01-01' - INTERVAL 1 SECOND;

    -> '2004-12-31 23:59:59'

    mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD('2000-12-31 23:59:59',

    -> INTERVAL 1 SECOND);

    -> '2001-01-01 00:00:00'

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    mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD('2010-12-31 23:59:59',

    -> INTERVAL 1 DAY);

    -> '2011-01-01 23:59:59'

    mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD('2100-12-31 23:59:59',

    -> INTERVAL '1:1' MINUTE_SECOND);

    -> '2101-01-01 00:01:00'

    mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('2005-01-01 00:00:00',

    -> INTERVAL '1 1:1:1' DAY_SECOND);

    -> '2004-12-30 22:58:59'

    mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD('1900-01-01 00:00:00',

    -> INTERVAL '-1 10' DAY_HOUR);

    -> '1899-12-30 14:00:00'

    mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('1998-01-02', INTERVAL 31 DAY);

    -> '1997-12-02'

    mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD('1992-12-31 23:59:59.000002',

    -> INTERVAL '1.999999' SECOND_MICROSECOND);

    -> '1993-01-01 00:00:01.000001'

    If you specify an interval value that is too short (does not include all the interval parts thatwould be expected from the unit keyword), MySQL assumes that you have left out theleftmost parts of the interval value. For example, if you specify a unit of DAY_SECOND, thevalue of expr is expected to have days, hours, minutes, and seconds parts. If you specify avalue like '1:10', MySQL assumes that the days and hours parts are missing and the valuerepresents minutes and seconds. In other words, '1:10' DAY_SECOND is interpreted in such away that it is equivalent to '1:10' MINUTE_SECOND. This is analogous to the way that MySQLinterprets TIME values as representing elapsed time rather than as a time of day.

    Because expr is treated as a string, be careful if you specify a nonstring value with INTERVAL.

    For example, with an interval specifier of HOUR_MINUTE, 6/4 evaluates to 1.5000 and istreated as 1 hour, 5000 minutes:

    mysql> SELECT 6/4;

    -> 1.5000

    mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD('2009-01-01', INTERVAL 6/4 HOUR_MINUTE);

    -> '2009-01-04 12:20:00'

    To ensure interpretation of the interval value as you expect, a CAST() operation may be used.To treat 6/4 as 1 hour, 5 minutes, cast it to a DECIMAL value with a single fractional digit:

    mysql> SELECT CAST(6/4 AS DECIMAL(3,1));-> 1.5

    mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD('1970-01-01 12:00:00',

    -> INTERVAL CAST(6/4 AS DECIMAL(3,1)) HOUR_MINUTE);

    -> '1970-01-01 13:05:00'

    If you add to or subtract from a date value something that contains a time part, the result isautomatically converted to a datetime value:

    mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD('2013-01-01', INTERVAL 1 DAY);

    -> '2013-01-02'

    mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD('2013-01-01', INTERVAL 1 HOUR);

    -> '2013-01-01 01:00:00'

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    If you addMONTH, YEAR_MONTH, or YEARand the resulting date has a day that is larger than themaximum day for the new month, the day is adjusted to the maximum days in the new month:

    mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD('2009-01-30', INTERVAL 1 MONTH);

    -> '2009-02-28'

    Date arithmetic operations require complete dates and do not work with incomplete dates such

    as '2006-07-00' or badly malformed dates:

    mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD('2006-07-00', INTERVAL 1 DAY);

    -> NULL

    mysql> SELECT '2005-03-32' + INTERVAL 1 MONTH;

    -> NULL

    DATE_FORMAT(date,format)

    Formats the date value according to the format string.

    The following specifiers may be used in the format string. The % character is required beforeformat specifier characters.

    Specifier Description

    %a Abbreviated weekday name (Sun..Sat)

    %b Abbreviated month name (Jan..Dec)

    %c Month, numeric (0..12)

    %D Day of the month with English suffix (0th, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, )

    %d Day of the month, numeric (00..31)

    %e Day of the month, numeric (0..31)

    %f Microseconds (000000..999999)

    %H Hour (00..23)%h Hour (01..12)

    %I Hour (01..12)

    %i Minutes, numeric (00..59)

    %j Day of year (001..366)

    %k Hour (0..23)

    %l Hour (1..12)

    %M Month name (January..December)

    %m Month, numeric (00..12)

    %p AMor PM

    %r Time, 12-hour (hh:mm:ss followed byAMor PM)

    %S Seconds (00..59)

    %s Seconds (00..59)

    %T Time, 24-hour (hh:mm:ss)

    %U Week (00..53), where Sunday is the first day of the week

    %u Week (00..53), where Monday is the first day of the week

    %V Week (01..53), where Sunday is the first day of the week; used with %X

    %v Week (01..53), where Monday is the first day of the week; used with %x

    %W Weekday name (Sunday..Saturday)

    %w Day of the week (0=Sunday..6=Saturday)%X Year for the week where Sunday is the first day of the week, numeric, four digits;

    used with %V

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    %x Year for the week, where Monday is the first day of the week, numeric, four digits;used with %v

    %Y Year, numeric, four digits

    %y Year, numeric (two digits)

    %% A literal % character

    %x x, for any x not listed above

    Ranges for the month and day specifiers begin with zero due to the fact that MySQL allows thestoring of incomplete dates such as '2014-00-00'.

    As of MySQL 5.1.12, the language used for day and month names and abbreviations iscontrolled by the value of the lc_time_names system variable (Section 9.7, MySQL ServerLocale Support).

    As of MySQL 5.1.15, DATE_FORMAT() returns a string with a character set and collation givenby character_set_connection and collation_connection so that it can return monthand weekday names containing non-ASCII characters. Before 5.1.15, the return value is abinary string.

    mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('2009-10-04 22:23:00', '%W %M %Y');-> 'Sunday October 2009'

    mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('2007-10-04 22:23:00', '%H:%i:%s');

    -> '22:23:00'

    mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('1900-10-04 22:23:00',

    -> '%D %y %a %d %m %b %j');

    -> '4th 00 Thu 04 10 Oct 277'

    mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('1997-10-04 22:23:00',

    -> '%H %k %I %r %T %S %w');

    -> '22 22 10 10:23:00 PM 22:23:00 00 6'

    mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('1999-01-01', '%X %V');

    -> '1998 52'

    mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('2006-06-00', '%d');

    -> '00'

    DATE_SUB(date,INTERVAL exprunit)

    See the description for DATE_ADD().

    DAY(date)

    DAY() is a synonym for DAYOFMONTH().

    DAYNAME(date)

    Returns the name of the weekday for date. As of MySQL 5.1.12, the language used for thename is controlled by the value of the lc_time_names system variable (Section 9.7, MySQLServer Locale Support).

    mysql> SELECT DAYNAME('2007-02-03');

    -> 'Saturday'

    DAYOFMONTH(date)

    Returns the day of the month for date, in the range 1 to 31, or 0 for dates such as '0000-00-00' or '2008-00-00' that have a zero day part.

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    mysql> SELECT DAYOFMONTH('2007-02-03');

    -> 3

    DAYOFWEEK(date)

    Returns the weekday index for date (1 = Sunday, 2 = Monday, , 7 = Saturday). These indexvalues correspond to the ODBC standard.

    mysql> SELECT DAYOFWEEK('2007-02-03');

    -> 7

    DAYOFYEAR(date)

    Returns the day of the year for date, in the range 1 to 366.

    mysql> SELECT DAYOFYEAR('2007-02-03');

    -> 34

    EXTRACT(unit

    FROMdate

    )The EXTRACT() function uses the same kinds of unit specifiers as DATE_ADD() or DATE_SUB(), but extracts parts from the date rather than performing date arithmetic.

    mysql> SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR FROM '2009-07-02');

    -> 2009

    mysql> SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR_MONTH FROM '2009-07-02 01:02:03');

    -> 200907

    mysql> SELECT EXTRACT(DAY_MINUTE FROM '2009-07-02 01:02:03');

    -> 20102

    mysql> SELECT EXTRACT(MICROSECOND-> FROM '2003-01-02 10:30:00.000123');

    -> 123

    FROM_DAYS(N)

    Given a day number N, returns a DATE value.

    mysql> SELECT FROM_DAYS(730669);

    -> '2007-07-03'

    Use FROM_DAYS() with caution on old dates. It is not intended for use with values that precedethe advent of the Gregorian calendar (1582). See Section 11.7, What Calendar Is Used ByMySQL?.

    FROM_UNIXTIME(unix_timestamp), FROM_UNIXTIME(unix_timestamp,format)

    Returns a representation of the unix_timestamp argument as a value in 'YYYY-MM-DDHH:MM:SS' or YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.uuuuuu format, depending on whether the function is usedin a string or numeric context. The value is expressed in the current time zone.unix_timestamp is an internal timestamp value such as is produced by theUNIX_TIMESTAMP() function.

    If format is given, the result is formatted according to the format string, which is used thesame way as listed in the entry for the DATE_FORMAT() function.

    mysql> SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(1196440219);

    -> '2007-11-30 10:30:19'

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    mysql> SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(1196440219) + 0;

    -> 20071130103019.000000

    mysql> SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(UNIX_TIMESTAMP(),

    -> '%Y %D %M %h:%i:%s %x');

    -> '2007 30th November 10:30:59 2007'

    Note: If you use UNIX_TIMESTAMP() and FROM_UNIXTIME() to convert between TIMESTAMPvalues and Unix timestamp values, the conversion is lossy because the mapping is not one-to-one in both directions. For details, see the description of the UNIX_TIMESTAMP() function.

    GET_FORMAT({DATE|TIME|DATETIME}, {'EUR'|'USA'|'JIS'|'ISO'|'INTERNAL'})

    Returns a format string. This function is useful in combination with the DATE_FORMAT() andthe STR_TO_DATE() functions.

    The possible values for the first and second arguments result in several possible format strings(for the specifiers used, see the table in the DATE_FORMAT() function description). ISO formatrefers to ISO 9075, not ISO 8601.

    Function Call ResultGET_FORMAT(DATE,'USA') '%m.%d.%Y'

    GET_FORMAT(DATE,'JIS') '%Y-%m-%d'

    GET_FORMAT(DATE,'ISO') '%Y-%m-%d'

    GET_FORMAT(DATE,'EUR') '%d.%m.%Y'

    GET_FORMAT(DATE,'INTERNAL') '%Y%m%d'

    GET_FORMAT(DATETIME,'USA') '%Y-%m-%d %H.%i.%s'

    GET_FORMAT(DATETIME,'JIS') '%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s'

    GET_FORMAT(DATETIME,'ISO') '%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s'

    GET_FORMAT(DATETIME,'EUR') '%Y-%m-%d %H.%i.%s'

    GET_FORMAT(DATETIME,'INTERNAL') '%Y%m%d%H%i%s'

    GET_FORMAT(TIME,'USA') '%h:%i:%s %p'

    GET_FORMAT(TIME,'JIS') '%H:%i:%s'

    GET_FORMAT(TIME,'ISO') '%H:%i:%s'

    GET_FORMAT(TIME,'EUR') '%H.%i.%s'

    GET_FORMAT(TIME,'INTERNAL') '%H%i%s'

    TIMESTAMP can also be used as the first argument to GET_FORMAT(), in which case thefunction returns the same values as for DATETIME.

    mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('2003-10-03',GET_FORMAT(DATE,'EUR'));

    -> '03.10.2003'mysql> SELECT STR_TO_DATE('10.31.2003',GET_FORMAT(DATE,'USA'));

    -> '2003-10-31'

    HOUR(time)

    Returns the hour for time. The range of the return value is 0 to 23 for time-of-day values.However, the range of TIME values actually is much larger, so HOURcan return values greaterthan 23.

    mysql> SELECT HOUR('10:05:03');

    -> 10

    mysql> SELECT HOUR('272:59:59');

    -> 272

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    LAST_DAY(date)

    Takes a date or datetime value and returns the corresponding value for the last day of themonth. ReturnsNULL if the argument is invalid.

    mysql> SELECT LAST_DAY('2003-02-05');

    -> '2003-02-28'

    mysql> SELECT LAST_DAY('2004-02-05');

    -> '2004-02-29'

    mysql> SELECT LAST_DAY('2004-01-01 01:01:01');

    -> '2004-01-31'

    mysql> SELECT LAST_DAY('2003-03-32');

    -> NULL

    LOCALTIME, LOCALTIME()

    LOCALTIME and LOCALTIME() are synonyms forNOW().

    LOCALTIMESTAMP, LOCALTIMESTAMP()

    LOCALTIMESTAMP and LOCALTIMESTAMP() are synonyms forNOW().

    MAKEDATE(year,dayofyear)

    Returns a date, given year and day-of-year values. dayofyearmust be greater than 0 or theresult isNULL.

    mysql> SELECT MAKEDATE(2011,31), MAKEDATE(2011,32);

    -> '2011-01-31', '2011-02-01'

    mysql> SELECT MAKEDATE(2011,365), MAKEDATE(2014,365);

    -> '2011-12-31', '2014-12-31'

    mysql> SELECT MAKEDATE(2011,0);

    -> NULL

    MAKETIME(hour,minute,second)

    Returns a time value calculated from the hour, minute , and secondarguments.

    mysql> SELECT MAKETIME(12,15,30);

    -> '12:15:30'

    MICROSECOND(expr)

    Returns the microseconds from the time or datetime expression expr as a number in therange from 0 to 999999.

    mysql> SELECT MICROSECOND('12:00:00.123456');

    -> 123456

    mysql> SELECT MICROSECOND('2009-12-31 23:59:59.000010');

    -> 10

    MINUTE(time)

    Returns the minute for time, in the range 0 to 59.

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    mysql> SELECT MINUTE('2008-02-03 10:05:03');

    -> 5

    MONTH(date)

    Returns the month for date, in the range 1 to 12 for January to December, or 0 for dates suchas '0000-00-00' or '2008-00-00' that have a zero month part.

    mysql> SELECT MONTH('2008-02-03');

    -> 2

    MONTHNAME(date)

    Returns the full name of the month for date. As of MySQL 5.1.12, the language used for thename is controlled by the value of the lc_time_names system variable (Section 9.7, MySQLServer Locale Support).

    mysql> SELECT MONTHNAME('2008-02-03');

    -> 'February'

    NOW()

    Returns the current date and time as a value in 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS' orYYYYMMDDHHMMSS.uuuuuu format, depending on whether the function is used in a string ornumeric context. The value is expressed in the current time zone.

    mysql> SELECT NOW();

    -> '2007-12-15 23:50:26'

    mysql> SELECT NOW() + 0;

    -> 20071215235026.000000

    NOW() returns a constant time that indicates the time at which the statement began to execute.(Within a stored function or trigger,NOW() returns the time at which the function or triggeringstatement began to execute.) This differs from the behavior for SYSDATE(), which returns theexact time at which it executes.

    mysql> SELECT NOW(), SLEEP(2), NOW();

    +---------------------+----------+---------------------+

    | NOW() | SLEEP(2) | NOW() |

    +---------------------+----------+---------------------+

    | 2006-04-12 13:47:36 | 0 | 2006-04-12 13:47:36 |

    +---------------------+----------+---------------------+

    mysql> SELECT SYSDATE(), SLEEP(2), SYSDATE();

    +---------------------+----------+---------------------+

    | SYSDATE() | SLEEP(2) | SYSDATE() |

    +---------------------+----------+---------------------+

    | 2006-04-12 13:47:44 | 0 | 2006-04-12 13:47:46 |

    +---------------------+----------+---------------------+

    In addition, the SET TIMESTAMP statement affects the value returned byNOW() but not bySYSDATE(). This means that timestamp settings in the binary log have no effect on invocationsof SYSDATE().

    See the description for SYSDATE() for additional information about the differences between thetwo functions.

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    PERIOD_ADD(P,N)

    Adds Nmonths to period P (in the format YYMMor YYYYMM). Returns a value in the formatYYYYMM. Note that the period argument P is nota date value.

    mysql> SELECT PERIOD_ADD(200801,2);

    -> 200803

    PERIOD_DIFF(P1,P2)

    Returns the number of months between periods P1 and P2. P1 and P2 should be in the formatYYMMor YYYYMM. Note that the period arguments P1 and P2 are notdate values.

    mysql> SELECT PERIOD_DIFF(200802,200703);

    -> 11

    QUARTER(date)

    Returns the quarter of the year for date, in the range 1 to 4.

    mysql> SELECT QUARTER('2008-04-01');

    -> 2

    SECOND(time)

    Returns the second for time , in the range 0 to 59.

    mysql> SELECT SECOND('10:05:03');

    -> 3

    SEC_TO_TIME(seconds)

    Returns the seconds argument, converted to hours, minutes, and seconds, as a TIME value.The range of the result is constrained to that of the TIME data type. A warning occurs if theargument corresponds to a value outside that range.

    mysql> SELECT SEC_TO_TIME(2378);

    -> '00:39:38'

    mysql> SELECT SEC_TO_TIME(2378) + 0;

    -> 3938

    STR_TO_DATE(str,format)

    This is the inverse of the DATE_FORMAT() function. It takes a string str and a format stringformat . STR_TO_DATE() returns a DATETIME value if the format string contains both date andtime parts, or a DATE or TIME value if the string contains only date or time parts. If the date,time, or datetime value extracted from str is illegal, STR_TO_DATE() returnsNULL andproduces a warning.

    The server scans str attempting to match format to it. The format string can contain literalcharacters and format specifiers beginning with %. Literal characters in format must matchliterally in str. Format specifiers in format must match a date or time part in str. For thespecifiers that can be used in format, see the DATE_FORMAT() function description.

    mysql> SELECT STR_TO_DATE('01,5,2013','%d,%m,%Y');

    -> '2013-05-01'

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    mysql> SELECT STR_TO_DATE('May 1, 2013','%M %d,%Y');

    -> '2013-05-01'

    Scanning starts at the beginning of str and fails if format is found not to match. Extracharacters at the end of str are ignored.

    mysql> SELECT STR_TO_DATE('a09:30:17','a%h:%i:%s');

    -> '09:30:17'

    mysql> SELECT STR_TO_DATE('a09:30:17','%h:%i:%s');

    -> NULL

    mysql> SELECT STR_TO_DATE('09:30:17a','%h:%i:%s');

    -> '09:30:17'

    Unspecified date or time parts have a value of 0, so incompletely specified values in strproduce a result with some or all parts set to 0:

    mysql> SELECT STR_TO_DATE('abc','abc');

    -> '0000-00-00'

    mysql> SELECT STR_TO_DATE('9','%m');

    -> '0000-09-00'

    mysql> SELECT STR_TO_DATE('9','%s');

    -> '00:00:09'

    Range checking on the parts of date values is as described in Section 10.3.1, The DATETIME,DATE, and TIMESTAMP Types. This means, for example, that zero dates or dates with partvalues of 0 are allowed unless the SQL mode is set to disallow such values.

    mysql> SELECT STR_TO_DATE('00/00/0000', '%m/%d/%Y');

    -> '0000-00-00'mysql> SELECT STR_TO_DATE('04/31/2004', '%m/%d/%Y');

    -> '2004-04-31'

    Note

    You cannot use format "%X%V" to convert a year-week string to a datebecause the combination of a year and week does not uniquely identify a yearand month if the week crosses a month boundary. To convert a year-week toa date, then you should also specify the weekday:

    mysql> SELECT STR_TO_DATE('200442 Monday', '%X%V %W');

    -> '2004-10-18'

    SUBDATE(date,INTERVAL exprunit), SUBDATE(expr,days)

    When invoked with the INTERVAL form of the second argument, SUBDATE() is a synonym forDATE_SUB(). For information on the INTERVALunit argument, see the discussion forDATE_ADD().

    mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('2008-01-02', INTERVAL 31 DAY);

    -> '2007-12-02'

    mysql> SELECT SUBDATE('2008-01-02', INTERVAL 31 DAY);

    -> '2007-12-02'

    The second form allows the use of an integer value for days. In such cases, it is interpreted asthe number of days to be subtracted from the date or datetime expression expr.

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    mysql> SELECT SUBDATE('2008-01-02 12:00:00', 31);

    -> '2007-12-02 12:00:00'

    SUBTIME(expr1,expr2)

    SUBTIME() returns expr1 expr2 expressed as a value in the same format as expr1.expr1 is a time or datetime expression, and expr2 is a time expression.

    mysql> SELECT SUBTIME('2007-12-31 23:59:59.999999','1 1:1:1.000002');

    -> '2007-12-30 22:58:58.999997'

    mysql> SELECT SUBTIME('01:00:00.999999', '02:00:00.999998');

    -> '-00:59:59.999999'

    SYSDATE()

    Returns the current date and time as a value in 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS' orYYYYMMDDHHMMSS.uuuuuu format, depending on whether the function is used in a string ornumeric context.

    SYSDATE() returns the time at which it executes. This differs from the behavior forNOW(),which returns a constant time that indicates the time at which the statement began to execute.(Within a stored function or trigger,NOW() returns the time at which the function or triggeringstatement began to execute.)

    mysql> SELECT NOW(), SLEEP(2), NOW();

    +---------------------+----------+---------------------+

    | NOW() | SLEEP(2) | NOW() |

    +---------------------+----------+---------------------+

    | 2006-04-12 13:47:36 | 0 | 2006-04-12 13:47:36 |

    +---------------------+----------+---------------------+

    mysql> SELECT SYSDATE(), SLEEP(2), SYSDATE();

    +---------------------+----------+---------------------+

    | SYSDATE() | SLEEP(2) | SYSDATE() |

    +---------------------+----------+---------------------+

    | 2006-04-12 13:47:44 | 0 | 2006-04-12 13:47:46 |

    +---------------------+----------+---------------------+

    In addition, the SET TIMESTAMP statement affects the value returned byNOW() but not bySYSDATE(). This means that timestamp settings in the binary log have no effect on invocations

    of SYSDATE().

    Because SYSDATE() can return different values even within the same statement, and is notaffected by SET TIMESTAMP, it is nondeterministic and therefore unsafe for replication ifstatement-based binary logging is used. If that is a problem, you can use row-based logging.

    Alternatively, you can use the --sysdate-is-now option to cause SYSDATE() to be an aliasforNOW(). This works if the option is used on both the master and the slave.

    The nondeterministic nature of SYSDATE() also means that indexes cannot be used forevaluating expressions that refer to it.

    Beginning with MySQL 5.1.42, a warning is logged if you use this function when

    binlog_format is set to STATEMENT. (Bug#47995)

    TIME(expr)

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    Extracts the time part of the time or datetime expression expr and returns it as a string.

    This function is unsafe for statement-based replication. Beginning with MySQL 5.1.42, awarning is logged if you use this function whenbinlog_format is set to STATEMENT.(Bug#47995)

    mysql> SELECT TIME('2003-12-31 01:02:03');

    -> '01:02:03'mysql> SELECT TIME('2003-12-31 01:02:03.000123');

    -> '01:02:03.000123'

    TIMEDIFF(expr1,expr2)

    TIMEDIFF() returns expr1 expr2 expressed as a time value. expr1 and expr2 are timeor date-and-time expressions, but both must be of the same type.

    mysql> SELECT TIMEDIFF('2000:01:01 00:00:00',

    -> '2000:01:01 00:00:00.000001');

    -> '-00:00:00.000001'

    mysql> SELECT TIMEDIFF('2008-12-31 23:59:59.000001',

    -> '2008-12-30 01:01:01.000002');

    -> '46:58:57.999999'

    TIMESTAMP(expr), TIMESTAMP(expr1,expr2)

    With a single argument, this function returns the date or datetime expression expr as adatetime value. With two arguments, it adds the time expression expr2 to the date or datetimeexpression expr1 and returns the result as a datetime value.

    mysql> SELECT TIMESTAMP('2003-12-31');

    -> '2003-12-31 00:00:00'

    mysql> SELECT TIMESTAMP('2003-12-31 12:00:00','12:00:00');

    -> '2004-01-01 00:00:00'

    TIMESTAMPADD(unit,interval,datetime_expr)

    Adds the integer expression interval to the date or datetime expression datetime_expr.The unit for interval is given by the unit argument, which should be one of the followingvalues: FRAC_SECOND (microseconds), SECOND,MINUTE, HOUR, DAY,WEEK,MONTH, QUARTER,or YEAR.

    Beginning with MySQL 5.1.24, it is possible to useMICROSECOND in place of FRAC_SECOND

    with this function, and FRAC_SECOND is deprecated. FRAC_SECOND is removed in MySQL 5.5.

    The unit value may be specified using one of keywords as shown, or with a prefix ofSQL_TSI_. For example, DAY and SQL_TSI_DAY both are legal.

    mysql> SELECT TIMESTAMPADD(MINUTE,1,'2003-01-02');

    -> '2003-01-02 00:01:00'

    mysql> SELECT TIMESTAMPADD(WEEK,1,'2003-01-02');

    -> '2003-01-09'

    TIMESTAMPDIFF(unit,datetime_expr1,datetime_expr2)

    Returns datetime_expr2 datetime_expr1 , where datetime_expr1 anddatetime_expr2 are date or datetime expressions. One expression may be a date and theother a datetime; a date value is treated as a datetime having the time part '00:00:00' where

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    necessary. The unit for the result (an integer) is given by the unit argument. The legal valuesfor unit are the same as those listed in the description of the TIMESTAMPADD() function.

    mysql> SELECT TIMESTAMPDIFF(MONTH,'2003-02-01','2003-05-01');

    -> 3

    mysql> SELECT TIMESTAMPDIFF(YEAR,'2002-05-01','2001-01-01');

    -> -1

    mysql> SELECT TIMESTAMPDIFF(MINUTE,'2003-02-01','2003-05-01 12:05:55');

    -> 128885

    Note

    The order of the date or datetime arguments for this function is the oppositeof that used with the TIMESTAMP() function when invoked with 2 arguments.

    TIME_FORMAT(time,format)

    This is used like the DATE_FORMAT() function, but the format string may contain formatspecifiers only for hours, minutes, seconds, and microseconds. Other specifiers produce a

    NULL value or 0.

    If the time value contains an hour part that is greater than 23, the %H and %k hour formatspecifiers produce a value larger than the usual range of 0..23. The other hour formatspecifiers produce the hour value modulo 12.

    mysql> SELECT TIME_FORMAT('100:00:00', '%H %k %h %I %l');

    -> '100 100 04 04 4'

    TIME_TO_SEC(time)

    Returns the time argument, converted to seconds.

    mysql> SELECT TIME_TO_SEC('22:23:00');

    -> 80580

    mysql> SELECT TIME_TO_SEC('00:39:38');

    -> 2378

    TO_DAYS(date)

    Given a date date, returns a day number (the number of days since year 0).

    mysql> SELECT TO_DAYS(950501);

    -> 728779mysql> SELECT TO_DAYS('2007-10-07');

    -> 733321

    TO_DAYS() is not intended for use with values that precede the advent of the Gregoriancalendar (1582), because it does not take into account the days that were lost when thecalendar was changed. For dates before 1582 (and possibly a later year in other locales),results from this function are not reliable. See Section 11.7, What Calendar Is Used ByMySQL?, for details.

    Remember that MySQL converts two-digit year values in dates to four-digit form using therules in Section 10.3, Date and Time Types. For example, '2008-10-07' and '08-10-07'are seen as identical dates:

    mysql> SELECT TO_DAYS('2008-10-07'), TO_DAYS('08-10-07');

    -> 733687, 733687

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    In MySQL, the zero date is defined as '0000-00-00', even though this date is itselfconsidered invalid. This means that, for '0000-00-00' and '0000-01-01', TO_DAYS()returns the values shown here:

    mysql> SELECT TO_DAYS('0000-00-00');

    +-----------------------+

    | to_days('0000-00-00') |

    +-----------------------+

    | NULL |

    +-----------------------+

    1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

    mysql> SHOW WARNINGS;

    +---------+------+----------------------------------------+

    | Level | Code | Message |

    +---------+------+----------------------------------------+

    | Warning | 1292 | Incorrect datetime value: '0000-00-00' |

    +---------+------+----------------------------------------+

    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    mysql> SELECT TO_DAYS('0000-01-01');

    +-----------------------+

    | to_days('0000-01-01') |

    +-----------------------+

    | 1 |

    +-----------------------+

    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    This is true whether or not theALLOW_INVALID_DATES SQL server mode is enabled.

    UNIX_TIMESTAMP(), UNIX_TIMESTAMP(date)

    If called with no argument, returns a Unix timestamp (seconds since '1970-01-0100:00:00' UTC) as an unsigned integer. If UNIX_TIMESTAMP() is called with a dateargument, it returns the value of the argument as seconds since '1970-01-01 00:00:00'UTC. date may be a DATE string, a DATETIME string, a TIMESTAMP, or a number in the formatYYMMDD or YYYYMMDD. The server interprets date as a value in the current time zone andconverts it to an internal value in UTC. Clients can set their time zone as described in

    Section 9.6, MySQL Server Time Zone Support.

    mysql> SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP();

    -> 1196440210

    mysql> SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2007-11-30 10:30:19');

    -> 1196440219

    When UNIX_TIMESTAMP() is used on a TIMESTAMP column, the function returns the internaltimestamp value directly, with no implicit string-to-Unix-timestamp conversion. If you pass anout-of-range date to UNIX_TIMESTAMP() , it returns 0.

    Note: If you use UNIX_TIMESTAMP() and FROM_UNIXTIME() to convert between TIMESTAMPvalues and Unix timestamp values, the conversion is lossy because the mapping is not one-to-one in both directions. For example, due to conventions for local time zone changes, it ispossible for two UNIX_TIMESTAMP() to map two TIMESTAMP values to the same Unix

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    timestamp value. FROM_UNIXTIME() will map that value back to only one of the originalTIMESTAMP values. Here is an example, using TIMESTAMP values in the CET time zone:

    mysql> SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2005-03-27 03:00:00');

    +---------------------------------------+

    | UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2005-03-27 03:00:00') |

    +---------------------------------------+

    | 1111885200 |

    +---------------------------------------+

    mysql> SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2005-03-27 02:00:00');

    +---------------------------------------+

    | UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2005-03-27 02:00:00') |

    +---------------------------------------+

    | 1111885200 |

    +---------------------------------------+

    mysql> SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(1111885200);

    +---------------------------+| FROM_UNIXTIME(1111885200) |

    +---------------------------+

    | 2005-03-27 03:00:00 |

    +---------------------------+

    If you want to subtract UNIX_TIMESTAMP() columns, you might want to cast the result tosigned integers. See Section 11.9, Cast Functions and Operators.

    UTC_DATE, UTC_DATE()

    Returns the current UTC date as a value in 'YYYY-MM-DD' or YYYYMMDD format, depending on

    whether the function is used in a string or numeric context.

    mysql> SELECT UTC_DATE(), UTC_DATE() + 0;

    -> '2003-08-14', 20030814

    UTC_TIME, UTC_TIME()

    Returns the current UTC time as a value in 'HH:MM:SS' or HHMMSS.uuuuuu format,depending on whether the function is used in a string or numeric context.

    mysql> SELECT UTC_TIME(), UTC_TIME() + 0;

    -> '18:07:53', 180753.000000

    UTC_TIMESTAMP, UTC_TIMESTAMP()

    Returns the current UTC date and time as a value in 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS' orYYYYMMDDHHMMSS.uuuuuu format, depending on whether the function is used in a string ornumeric context.

    mysql> SELECT UTC_TIMESTAMP(), UTC_TIMESTAMP() + 0;

    -> '2003-08-14 18:08:04', 20030814180804.000000

    WEEK(date[,mode])

    This function returns the week number for date. The two-argument form ofWEEK() allows youto specify whether the week starts on Sunday or Monday and whether the return value shouldbe in the range from 0 to 53 or from 1 to 53. If the mode argument is omitted, the value of the

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    default_week_format system variable is used. See Section 5.1.4, Server SystemVariables.

    The following table describes how the mode argument works.

    Mode First day of week Range Week 1 is the first week

    0 Sunday 0-53 with a Sunday in this year

    1 Monday 0-53 with more than 3 days this year2 Sunday 1-53 with a Sunday in this year

    3 Monday 1-53 with more than 3 days this year

    4 Sunday 0-53 with more than 3 days this year

    5 Monday 0-53 with a Monday in this year

    6 Sunday 1-53 with more than 3 days this year

    7 Monday 1-53 with a Monday in this year

    mysql> SELECT WEEK('2008-02-20');

    -> 7

    mysql> SELECT WEEK('2008-02-20',0);

    -> 7

    mysql> SELECT WEEK('2008-02-20',1);

    -> 8

    mysql> SELECT WEEK('2008-12-31',1);

    -> 53

    Note that if a date falls in the last week of the previous year, MySQL returns 0 if you do not use2, 3, 6, or 7 as the optional mode argument:

    mysql> SELECT YEAR('2000-01-01'), WEEK('2000-01-01',0);

    -> 2000, 0

    One might argue that MySQL should return 52 for theWEEK() function, because the given dateactually occurs in the 52nd week of 1999. We decided to return 0 instead because we want thefunction to return the week number in the given year. This makes use of theWEEK() functionreliable when combined with other functions that extract a date part from a date.

    If you would prefer the result to be evaluated with respect to the year that contains the first dayof the week for the given date, use 0, 2, 5, or 7 as the optional mode argument.

    mysql> SELECT WEEK('2000-01-01',2);

    -> 52

    Alternatively, use the YEARWEEK() function:

    mysql> SELECT YEARWEEK('2000-01-01');

    -> 199952

    mysql> SELECT MID(YEARWEEK('2000-01-01'),5,2);

    -> '52'

    WEEKDAY(date)

    Returns the weekday index for date (0 = Monday, 1 = Tuesday, 6 = Sunday).

    mysql> SELECT WEEKDAY('2008-02-03 22:23:00');

    -> 6

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    mysql> SELECT WEEKDAY('2007-11-06');

    -> 1

    WEEKOFYEAR(date)

    Returns the calendar week of the date as a number in the range from 1 to 53.WEEKOFYEAR()is a compatibility function that is equivalent toWEEK(date,3).

    mysql> SELECT WEEKOFYEAR('2008-02-20');

    -> 8

    YEAR(date)

    Returns the year for date , in the range 1000 to 9999, or 0 for the zero date.

    mysql> SELECT YEAR('1987-01-01');

    -> 1987

    YEARWEEK(date), YEARWEEK(date,mode)

    Returns year and week for a date. The mode argument works exactly like the mode argumenttoWEEK(). The year in the result may be different from the year in the date argument for thefirst and the last week of the year.

    mysql> SELECT YEARWEEK('1987-01-01');

    -> 198653

    Note that the week number is different from what theWEEK() function would return (0) foroptional arguments 0 or 1, asWEEK() then returns the week in the context of the given year.

    Previous /Next /Up /Table of Contents

    User Comments

    Posted by Isaac Shepard on October 11 2003 2:53pm [Delete] [Edit]

    If you're looking for generic SQL queries that will allow you to get the days, months, and years betweenany two given dates, you might consider using these. You just need to substitute date1 and date2 withyour date expressions.

    NOTE: Some of these formulas are complex because they account for all cases where date1 < date2,date1 = date2, and date1 > date2. Additionally, these formulas can be used in very generic queries wherealiases and temporary variables are not allowed.

    Number of days between date1 and date2:

    TO_DAYS(date2) - TO_DAYS(date1)

    Number of months between date1 and date2:

    IF((((YEAR(date2) - 1) * 12 + MONTH(date2)) - ((YEAR(date1) - 1) * 12 + MONTH(date1))) > 0, (((YEAR(date2) - 1) * 12 + MONTH(date2)) - ((YEAR(date1) - 1) * 12 + MONTH(date1))) - (MID(date2, 9, 2) < MID

    (date1, 9, 2)), IF((((YEAR(date2) - 1) * 12 + MONTH(date2)) - ((YEAR(date1) - 1) * 12 + MONTH(date1)))< 0, (((YEAR(date2) - 1) * 12 + MONTH(date2)) - ((YEAR(date1) - 1) * 12 + MONTH(date1))) + (MID(date1, 9, 2) < MID(date2, 9, 2)), (((YEAR(date2) - 1) * 12 + MONTH(date2)) - ((YEAR(date1) - 1) * 12 +MONTH(date1)))))

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    Number of years between date1 and date2:

    IF((YEAR(date2) - YEAR(date1)) > 0, (YEAR(date2) - YEAR(date1)) - (MID(date2, 6, 5) < MID(date1, 6,5)), IF((YEAR(date2) - YEAR(date1)) < 0, (YEAR(date2) - YEAR(date1)) + (MID(date1, 6, 5) < MID(date2,6, 5)), (YEAR(date2) - YEAR(date1))))

    Now for some comments about these.

    1. These results return integer number of years, months, and days. They are "floored." Thus, 1.4 dayswould display as 1 day, and 13.9 years would display as 13 years. Likewise, -1.4 years would display as -1year, and -13.9 months would display as -13 months.

    2. Note that I use boolean expressions in many cases. Because boolean expressions evaluate to 0 or 1, Ican use them to subtract or add 1 from the total based on a condition.

    For example, to calculate the number of years between to dates, first simply subtract the years. Theproblem is that doing so isn't always correct. Consider the number of years between July 1, 1950 and May1, 1952. Technically, there is only one full year between them. On July 1, 1952 and later, there will be twoyears. Therefore, you should subtract one year in case the date hasn't yet reached a full year. This is doneby checking the if the second month-day is before the first month-day. If so, this results in a value of 1, which is subtracted from the total. The IF statements are in theformula because we must add one year when dealing with the dates in the opposite order, and we mustnot add or subtract anything when the difference of the date years is zero.

    3. To get the month-day, I use MID. This is betterthan using RIGHT, since it will work for both datesand datetimes.

    4. Unlike many other solutions, these queries shouldwork with dates prior to 01/01/1970.

    Posted by [name withheld] on February 6 2003 4:19pm [Delete] [Edit]

    Spent some time trying to work out how to calculate the month start x months ago ( so that I can createhistorical stats on the fly)

    here is what I came up with..

    ((PERIOD_ADD(EXTRACT(YEAR_MONTH FROM CURDATE()),-6)*100)+1)

    this gives you the first day of the month six months before the start of the current month in datetime format

    Posted by Filip Wolak on August 4 2003 6:44am [Delete] [Edit]

    Several times i have come to a followng date/time problem:In the table i am storing both date and time information in the datetime column. Querying, I want to receiveCOUNTed results grouped by date, and not date and time. I came to the easy solution:SELECT DATE_FORMAT(postdate, '%Y-%m-%d') AS dd, COUNT(id) FROM MyTable GROUP BY dd;

    I suppose this solution to be quite slow (date formatting).

    Later, i 'upgraded' this query to use the string function:SELECT substring(postdate, 1,10) AS dd, COUNT(id) FROM MyTable GROUP BY dd;

    knowing, that the result is in the fixed format. Works faster.

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    Posted by Stoyan Stefanov on August 16 2003 8:05pm [Delete] [Edit]

    Hope this will help somebody. The way I found to sum time:SELECT SEC_TO_TIME( SUM( TIME_TO_SEC( `time` ) ) ) AS total_time FROM time_table;

    Posted by Gerard Manko on December 17 2003 9:27am [Delete] [Edit]

    Comparing Dates when using MS Access and MyODBC

    If you are using MS Access and have created Access queries to substitute for views (which are not yetavailable in mySQL), you can use the following syntax ro perform date comparisons and avoid thedreaded "ODBC -- call failed" error:

    Select * from [Task Effort Summary]Where ((Date() + 0) > CLng([Task Effort Summary].[s_end]))

    This particular example retuns tasks that are overdue (where todays date is past the scheduled end date).This query was developed for reports on a TUTOS database.

    Posted by [name withheld] on January 9 2004 7:59pm [Delete] [Edit]

    Note that the built-in default values for the DATE and DATEFIELD column types is out of range. Forexample, 0000-00-00 is a valid way of expressing NULL, but if the column is set as NOT NULL, 0000-00-00 is still the default value. This can cause problems with some applications using MySQL.

    Posted by asdacfd dsfdsf on January 27 2004 3:25am [Delete] [Edit]

    I was looking for a function to detect if the current week is odd or even. I could not find one so I use this:MOD((DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(),"%v")),2)The output is a '0'(even) or a '1'(odd)

    Posted by Steve West on February 15 2004 10:49pm [Delete] [Edit]

    To create a DATETIME of NOW() in UTC without upgrading to 4.1.1, just use:

    DATE_ADD( '1970-01-01', INTERVAL UNIX_TIMESTAMP() SECOND )

    Posted by [name withheld] on March 4 2004 9:39am [Delete] [Edit]

    workaround for STR_TO_DATE pre version 4.1.1. ugly but it seems to work fine.

    assumption: you know the format of the received date (in the below example the format is mm/dd/yy,m/d/yy, mm/dd/yyyy, etc)

    the statement extracts the year by locating the index of the second '/' and reading from the right of the

    string to that index. the index of the second is '/' is found by using LOCATE with the index of the first '/'.it extracts the day by locating the indeces of the first and second '/' and reading between themit extracts the month by locating the index of the first '/' and reading from the left of the string to that index.it then CONCATs the year month and day pieces together separating them with hyphens.lastly, it lets DATE_FORMAT do its magic on the string.

    (replace the test string '1/11/03' with your field name, etc)

    select DATE_FORMAT( CONCAT( RIGHT( '1/11/03' , length( '1/11/03') - LOCATE('/', '1/11/03' , LOCATE('/', '1/11/03' ) + 1 ) ) , '-' , LEFT( '1/11/03' , LOCATE('/', '1/11/03' ) - 1 ) , '-', SUBSTRING( '1/11/03' ,LOCATE('/', '1/11/03' ) + 1, LOCATE('/', '1/11/03' , LOCATE('/', '1/11/03' ) + 1 ) - LOCATE('/', '1/11/03' ) -1 ) ) , '%Y-%m-%d' )

    Posted by Olav Alexander Mjelde on March 15 2004 11:15am [Delete] [Edit]

    Lets say you have the mysql before 4.1.1 (where timediff() was implementet), and you want to do atimediff.

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    I wanted to make a "active users" on my page, but I found out that I didnt have the timediff function (to findpersons which have been active within 5 minutes).

    So, I figured this query out:

    SELECT nick FROM `users` WHERE TO_DAYS( NOW( ) ) - TO_DAYS( last_login )

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    A very simple solution to this is the following. Note the PHP time format string 'YmdHis' - it formats toYYYYMMDDHHMMSS which is what MySQL expects for a date/time field.

    $now = time();$lastLogin = strtotime($row['lastLogin']);$diff = $now - $lastLogin;$now = date('YmdHis',$now)

    if($diff > 3600) { // 3600 seconds is 1 hour$query = 'UPDATE members SET logins = logins + 1, lastLogin = '.$now.' WHERE memberID ='.$SEC_ID;mysql_query($query);}

    Now the date entered is the PHP time (that accounts for DST) and we are comparing it to PHP time so allis well.

    I think this approach will work well for any time you wish to enter a date into MySQL using PHP. Justformat the date using the "YmdHis" format string and use the strtotime() function to read a date retrievedfrom MySQL.

    The advantage to this approach rather than just entering the "normal" PHP date into a char or text field isthat the dates are "human" readable in the table and all the MySQL date/time functions are available forfuture queries.

    Posted by Martin Schwedes on April 25 2004 9:11am [Delete] [Edit]

    to localize the weekday:SELECT ELT( WEEKDAY('2004-04-10')+1,'Montag','Dienstag','Mittwoch','Donnerstag','Freitag','Samstag','Sonntag');

    long version with month:SELECT DATE_FORMAT( '2004-04-10', CONCAT( ELT( WEEKDAY('2004-04-10')+1,'Montag','Dienstag','Mittwoch','Donnerstag','Freitag','Samstag','Sonntag'),', %d. ', ELT( MONTH('2004-04-10'), 'Januar','Februar','Mrz','April','Mai','Juni','Juli','August','September','Oktober','November','Dezember'),'%Y'));--> Samstag, 10. April 2004

    same for unix-timestamp:SELECT DATE_FORMAT( FROM_UNIXTIME(1081548000), CONCAT( ELT( WEEKDAY(FROM_UNIXTIME(1081548000))+1, 'Mo','Di','Mi','Do','Fr','Sa','So'),', %d. ', ELT( MONTH(FROM_UNIXTIME(1081548000)),'Jan.','Feb.','Mrz','April','Mai','Juni','Juli','Aug.','Sept.','Okt.','Nov.','Dez.'),' %Y'));--> Sa, 10. April 2004

    Posted by Philippe Poelvoorde on April 30 2004 5:50am [Delete] [Edit]

    I had to query a table and retrieve rows that were added only today, so :

    select id from my_tablewheretimestamp < date_format(date_add(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(), interval 1 day),'%Y%m%d000000')ANDtimestamp >= date_format(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(),'%Y%m%d000000')

    starting with MySQL 4.0, you could also use the BETWEEN ... AND syntax.If anyone has a better query to do that, let me know.

    Posted by Michael Marcus on May 1 2004 2:41pm [Delete] [Edit]

    After reading numerous articles and posts regarding converting back and forth between SQL datetime andVBscript datetime, I opted for the simplest solution for my databases. I simply save all datetime values invarchar(20) fields and call on either MySQL or VBscript functions to get datetime values or check/convert

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    datetime values. For example:

    currentDT = CStr(cn.execute("SELECT NOW()").Fields(0).Value)

    will fetch current datetime in the SQL server's datetime format and then convert it to a string. [Obviously,cn is set by Set cn = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection") to create the database connection, thenthe database is opened with a cn.open (parameters).]

    You can then save this string to an appropriate field such as 'flddate_added' which is formatted as varchar(20).

    When retrieving the flddate_added value, you can use this VBscript code to check if the value is indeed adatetime value and convert it to the datetime format of the user's computer"

    if IsDate(flddate_added) then=CDate(flddate_added) ' convert to user's system format for display using user's codepageelse=flddate_added ' just display the stringend if

    The above methods allow me to get around all of the issues regarding VBscript's datetime display format

    differences depending on the system local.

    Posted by Ray Morris on July 15 2004 4:37pm [Delete] [Edit]

    Posted by Filip Wolak:

    > Several times i have come to a followng date/time problem:> In the table i am storing both date and time information in the datetime> column. Querying, I want to receive COUNTed results grouped by date,> and not date and time....> SELECT substring(postdate, 1,10) ...

    If it's a DATETIME column than substring is not appropriate -it's logically nonsensical of course, and just happens to workin some version of MySQL because the DATETIME happensto be represented by a string in some contexts.Better would be to treat the DATETIME as a DATETIMErather than as a string, which will work in future versionsof MYSQL and in other RDMS:SELECT DATE(postdate) ...

    Posted by David Lyon on July 17 2004 4:12pm [Delete] [Edit]

    Here is another VB/ASP function for converting Dates from standard to MySQL format. Cherise gave anice example above, but it has extra complexity due to the use of arrays and also may be proned to userinput errors.

    The following example will work based on the Localization settings of the server on which it is run. So itshouldn't care whether the date is dd-mm-yyyy, mm/dd/yy, mm/dd/yyyy, m-d-yy, etc. Just make sure youpass it a date value that is formatted compliant to the server's localization. If necessary use VB's CDate(strDateValue) before passing strDateValue to the function.

    You can also easily modify this function to do the same for Time values, except you use Hour, Minute, andSecond VB functions, and delimit with a colon (:) instead of a dash (-).

    Hope this helps!

    Function funcMySqlDate(dtmChangeDate)'CONVERTS LOCALIZED DATE FORMAT (for example: m/d/yy) TO MySQL FORMAT (yyyy-mm-dd)Dim strTempYear, strTempMonth, strTempDay

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    strTempYear = Year(dtmChangeDate)strTempMonth = Month(dtmChangeDate)strTempDay = Day(dtmChangeDate)

    if Len(strTempYear) = 2 then 'Y2K TEST - 1938-2037 - ADJUST AS NECESSARYif strTempYear >= 38 thenstrTempYear = "19" & strTempYearelse

    strTempYear = "20" & strTempYearend ifend ifif strTempMonth < 10 then strTempMonth = "0" & strTempMonthif strTempDay < 10 then strTempDay = "0" & strTempDay

    funcMySqlDate = strTempYear & "-" & strTempMonth & "-" & strTempDayEnd Function

    Posted by Benjamin Zagel on August 5 2004 12:44pm [Delete] [Edit]

    To find out the last day of a month use:

    SELECT (DATE_FORMAT('2004-01-20' ,'%Y-%m-01') - INTERVAL 1 DAY) + INTERVAL 1 MONTH;

    It tooks me a few time to have this idea, but it works. If you want to have the first day of a month use:

    SELECT DATE_FORMAT('2004-01-20' ,'%Y-%m-01');

    To find out the first day of a month was my first development step, then it was easy to extract the last dayof a month. It is usefull for accounting for services where I need this solution.

    Greetings

    Posted by Mark Stafford on August 6 2004 5:26pm [Delete] [Edit]

    I see the use for both, but I find this layout more useful as a reference tool:

    +--------------+----------+--------------------+

    | metric | variant | result |

    +--------------+----------+--------------------+

    | microseconds | %f | 000000..999999 |

    | seconds | %s or %S | 00..59 |

    | minutes | %i | 00..59 |

    | hours | %H | 00...23 |

    | | %h or %I | 00...12 |

    | | %k | 0...23 |

    | | %l | 1...12 |

    | day | %a | Sun...Sat |

    | | %D | 1st, 2nd, 3rd |

    | | %d | 0.31 || | %e | 0..31 |

    | | %j | 001...366 |

    | | %W | Sunday...Sat |

    | | %w | 0...6 |

    | week | %U | 00...53 per Sun |

    | | %u | 00...53 per Mon |

    | * | %V | 01...53 per Sun |

    | * | %v | 01...53 per Mon |

    | month | %b | Jan...Dec |

    | | %c | 0...12 |

    | | %M | January...December |

    | | %m | 00...12 |

    | year | %Y | 1999 || | %y | 99 |

    | * | %X | 1999 |

    | * | %x | 99 |

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    | time | %r | 01:31:12 pm |

    | | | %T | 01:31:12 pm |

    | | %p | AM or PM |

    | Percent sign | %% | % |

    +--------------+----------+--------------------+

    Posted by M l on August 7 2004 6:53pm [Delete] [Edit]

    Select records that are older than X days from the current date where sent_time is a Timestamp datatypefield.

    select ID from MESSAGE where SENT_TIME < (CURDATE() - INTERVAL 5 DAY);

    Posted by R C on August 24 2004 7:21pm [Delete] [Edit]

    If you do not have 4.xx yet here is a simple way to get the last day of the month. You can replace thecurrent date with a var to find the last day of any month.

    SELECTSUBDATE( ADDDATE( CURDATE(), INTERVAL 1 MONTH), INTERVAL DAYOFMONTH( CURDATE() )DAY) AS LAST_DAY_MONTH

    seems to work well .

    Posted by Martin Algesten on September 9 2004 2:00pm [Delete] [Edit]

    >Several times i have come to a followng date/time problem:>In the table i am storing both date and time information in the>datetime column. Querying, I want to receive COUNTed results>grouped by date, and not date and time. I came to the easy>solution:

    I needed a query for a more general case to do time based reporting on arbitrary big "slices" oftimestamped data.

    My table has a column 'timestamp' which is of type 'datetime'.

    The following makes '120' second big slices

    select from_unixtime(unix_timestamp(timestamp) - unix_timestamp(timestamp) % 120) as slice, ... groupby slice;

    Posted by David Berry on September 17 2004 7:08pm [Delete] [Edit]

    I wanted to find the start date (Sunday) and the end date (Saturday) for any given week when all I had togo from is an arbitrary date (more precisely, the current date). Since MySQL registers Sunday as 1, andSaturday as 7, if you wish to adjust the start and end points on a week, you'll have to modify the followingfunction calls appropriately, and change the integers, or (as I have done) use variables:

    set @someday = curdate();set @weekstart = 1; // Sundayset @weekend = 7; // Saturday

    end of week:select date_add(@someday, interval @weekend-dayofweek(@someday) day);

    beginning of week:select date_sub(@someday, interval dayofweek(@someday)-@weekstart day);

    Of course, I use these functions in a more complex query that filters select results from a table with a

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    "datetime" field. This allows me to focus on weekly data. A very neat thing is being able to replace 'curdate()' with a date at (theoretically) any point in time on the Gregorian calendar.

    Posted by Jeffrey Friedl on October 31 2004 9:05am [Delete] [Edit]

    The value returned by

    UNIX_TIMESTAMP(NOW())

    can be quite unintuitive during the last hour of daylight-saving time in the fall, as it can return a timestampthat's an hour ahead of the current time. (The docs indicate that this may be "fixed" from 4.1.3, but I havenot tested.)

    This is because CST-related information is lost during the conversion by NOW() from the current time to astring. When presented a date string like "2004-10-31 01:52:37" which names a time that happened twice(once during daylight-saving time, and again an hour later in standard time), it doesn't know which youintend it to be interpreted as.

    The docs indicate that from 4.1.3, it uses the timezone in effect at the time of the SELECT, which impliesthat

    FROM_UNIXTIME("2004-10-31 01:52:37")

    returns a different value depending on whether you are currently under daylight-saving time or not. With4.1.2 and before, it seems to always use standard time, and hence the one-hour "error" (which is not reallyan error, but damn unintuitive that UNIX_TIMESTAMP(NOW()) does not return the UNIX_TIMESTAMP fornow.

    Note that UNIX_TIMESTAMP() without args does return the proper unix timestamp for the current time.

    Posted by Shamun toha on December 18 2004 10:45am [Delete] [Edit]

    If you have a table1 , and (fields date which is varchar(100)you can also convert it as date type look the following example

    mysql> select str_to_date(date,'%d/%m/%Y') as Mydate from table1 order by Mydate DESC;

    +------------+

    | Mydate |

    +------------+

    | 2004-12-16 |

    | 2004-12-15 |

    | 2004-12-02 |

    | 2004-12-02 |

    | 2004-11-01 |

    | 2004-10-29 |

    | 2004-10-12 |

    | 2004-10-07 |

    | 2004-09-12 || 2004-08-19 |

    | 2004-08-13 |

    | 2004-08-09 |

    | 2004-08-04 |

    | 2004-07-30 |

    | 2004-07-26 |

    | 2004-07-20 |

    | 2004-07-16 |

    | 2004-07-14 |

    +------------+

    18 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    mysql>

    Posted by John Romano on January 26 2005 10:06pm [Delete] [Edit]

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    If you need to EXTRACT the QUARTER prior to v5.0 try CEILING(EXTRACT(MONTH FROM date)/3)

    Posted by Robert Christiaanse on January 27 2005 2:18pm [Delete] [Edit]

    CALCULATING A DATE USING A WEEK NUMBER

    If you want to calculate the date having a year, a day of the week and a weeknumber (Let's say Thursdayof week number 4 in 2005), you can calculate it like this:

    SELECT DATE_ADD('2005-01-04', INTERVAL ((4-1)*7+(4 - DATE_FORMAT('2005-01-04','%w'))) DAY);

    In PHP it would be something like this (when weeks start on Monday):

    $Days=array('xx','ma','di','wo','do','vr','za','zo');$DayOfWeek=array_search($aDay,$Days); //get day of week (1=Monday)$Year=2005;$Week=4;

    $query = "SELECT DATE_ADD('".$Year."-01-04', INTERVAL ((".$Week."-1)*7+(".$DayOfWeek." -DATE_FORMAT('".$Year."-01-04','%w'))) DAY)";

    January 4th is chosen as a base, because it is always in week number 1. ( January 1st is not necessarelyin week1! )

    You can test it with this:

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    SELECT CONCAT(DAYOFYEAR(date1)-DAYOFYEAR(NOW()),' days ', DATE_FORMAT(ADDTIME("2000-00-00 00:00:00",SEC_TO_TIME(TIME_TO_SEC(date1)-TIME_TO_SEC(NOW()))),'%k hours and%i minutes')) AS time FROM time_table;

    +---------------------------------+

    | time |

    +---------------------------------+

    | 27 days 2 hours and 52 minutes |+---------------------------------+

    Posted by Luke Burgess on October 15 2006 5:56am [Delete] [Edit]

    There doesn't appear to be an official way of selecting * from a table where eg 'date is january 2005'. Sofar i've found 8 different ways!!

    1. where date like '2005-01-%'2. where DATE_FORMAT(date,'%Y-%m')='2005-01'3. where EXTRACT(YEAR_MONTH FROM date)='200501'4. where YEAR(date)='2005' and MONTH(date)='1'5. where substring(date,1,7)='2005-01'6. where date between '2005-01-01' and '2005-01-31'7. where date >= '2005-01-01' and date 0) ThenDateTimeArray=Split(CStr(varDateTime)," ")

    varDate = DateTimeArray(0)varTime = DateTimeArray(1)varAMPM = DateTimeArray(2)

    If (Len(Trim(varDate)) > 0) ThenDateArray=Split(CStr(varDate),"/")

    IF Len(Trim(DateArray(0))) < 2 ThenDateArray(0) = "0" & DateArray(0)End If

    If Len(Trim(DateArray(1))) < 2 ThenDateArray(1) = "0" & DateArray(1)End If

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    If Len(Trim(DateArray(2))) < 4 ThenDateArray(2) = "20" & DateArray(2)End If

    varDate = DateArray(2) & "-" & DateArray(0) & "-" & DateArray(1)

    End If

    If (Len(Trim(varDate)) > 0) ThenTimeArray=Split(CStr(varTime),":")

    If Trim(varAMPM) = "PM" ThenTimeArray(0) = CStr(TimeArray(0) + 12)End If

    If Len(Trim(TimeArray(0))) < 2 ThenTimeArray(0) = "0" & TimeArray(0)End If

    varTime = TimeArray(0) & ":" & TimeArray(1) & ":" & TimeArray(2)

    End If

    varDateTime = varDate & " " & varTime

    End If

    ConvertInputDateTime = varDateTime

    End Function

    Thanks for the starting code Cherice!

    Posted by paul adams on April 1 2005 9:30am [Delete] [Edit]

    "SELECT id, transactionid, (UNIX_TIMESTAMP(now()) - UNIX_TIMESTAMP(date)) AS date , sucessful,amount FROM Transaction where sucessful = 1"

    to work out the difference between when it was placed to now.

    Posted by santi bari on June 10 2005 2:49pm [Delete] [Edit]

    GENERATE missing days on a table with date gaps=====================================

    If you want to bring visits per day to your site and you have a tablewich

    is storing the hits, in a way similar to this...

    +--------------+--------------------------+

    | date | IP

    +--------------+--------------------------+

    |2004-8-3 | 123.123.124.155

    |2004-8-3 | 123.123.124.145

    |2004-8-5 | 123.123.124.145

    +--------------+--------------------------+

    You may want to draw a chart and retrieve all the hits per day. The

    problem is that DAYS WITHOUT HITS WON'T APPEAR. And you won't be abletodisplay the info of '0 hits'.

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    One solution to this which is easy to code and clean, is to create andhave in your database, a table named 'calendar' with all the days fromtoday till some years from now (let's say, till 2034). The tableshouldlook something like this:

    +----------+

    | date+----------+

    | 2004-1-1

    | 2004-1-2

    | 2004-1-3

    | 2004-1-4

    | 2004-1-5

    | ...

    | etc...

    +---------+

    Here is a piece of code which will make such table:

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    Posted by Juan Antonio on May 23 2005 3:36pm [Delete] [Edit]

    age from date of birth compared whithin this function you can know the age of a person(it works for my). preg 12 is a date in the format showbellow i dont know if it is fast. if you have a recent version you can asign curtime to a variable for get moreperformance else use php,c++ or another to save it as:YYYY-MM-DD example: 1997-03-31left((curtime()-preg12),(CHAR_LENGTH(curtime()-preg12)-4))

    another way is:(TO_DAYS("a - date") - TO_DAYS("birth"))/365you can replece the curdate for a before date changing curdate to this 20000619 NOT THIS: 2000-06-19 ifyou have beter way send it to my tanks bye.

    Posted by John Anderson on May 25 2005 8:04pm [Delete] [Edit]

    To calculate week ending date given an arbitrary date, use the following (assumes Saturday is week end)

    SELECT DATE_ADD('2005-05-24', INTERVAL (7 - DAYOFWEEK('2005-05-24')) DAY)

    SELECT DATE_ADD(table.column, INTERVAL (7 - DAYOFWEEK(table.column)) DAY)

    Posted by Pe3k on June 15 2005 12:51pm [Delete] [Edit]

    If U have older version of MySQL you can replace 'TIMEDIFF(time1,time2)' with'SEC_TO_TIME( (TO_DAYS(time1)*24*3600+TIME_TO_SEC(time1)) - (TO_DAYS(time2)*24*3600+TIME_TO_SEC(time2)) )'

    It is completly same. :)

    Posted by Daniel Schroeder on July 16 2005 4:58pm [Delete] [Edit]

    I had the task to select rows of a table where the date of creation was in the future of a given date.The problem was there was no date or timestamp-field, but two fields (int), one for month and one for year.Since I have MySQL-Version prior to 4.1.1, where most of the nice date/time-functions have been added, I

    had to work out a query that builds and compares dates out of the given values.

    Here it is:

    SELECT *FROM your_tableWHERE CONCAT(your_table.field_year,'-',REPEAT(0,2-LENGTH(your_table.field_month)),your_table.field_month,'-','01') >= CONCAT({MIN_YEAR},'-',REPEAT(0,2-LENGTH({MIN_MONTH})),{MIN_MONTH},'-','01')ORDER BY your_table.field_year,your_table.field_month;

    I noticed an advantage compared to working with timestamps: You are able to work with dates before

    1970.

    Posted by Oliver Pereira on July 19 2005 1:40pm [Delete] [Edit]

    The description of FROM_DAYS(N) - "Given a daynumber N, returns a DATE value" - uses the term"daynumber" without explaining it.

    The description of TO_DAYS(date) - "Given a date date, returns a daynumber (the number of days sinceyear 0)" - lower down the page at least tries to explain the term, but unsuccessfully.

    There are two problems here. Firstly, there was no year 0 in the Gregorian calendar. Secondly, a numberof days has to be counted from a day, not a year. Do they mean the beginning of the (non-existent) year,or the end of the (non-existent) year? Do non-existent years even have beginnings and ends? Someoneshould amend these descriptions.

    Posted by k s on August 12 2005 7:51am [Delete] [Edit]

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    Here's another query to get the number of months between two dates:select period_diff(DATE_FORMAT(date1,'%Y%m'),DATE_FORMAT(date2,'%Y%m')) from tablexy

    Posted by Bob Terrell on August 22 2005 5:40pm [Delete] [Edit]

    Note that there is currently no way to get the 'AM' or 'PM' part of a time-only value using the built-infunctions. You must first convert it to a datetime and then use DATE_FORMAT('%p') or perform your owncalculations in your app.

    Posted by Deron Meranda on August 31 2005 8:33pm [Delete] [Edit]

    On transactional consistency...Concerning the functions which use the real current time, such as NOW(),the manual says "Functions that return the current date or time each are evaluated only once per query atthe start of query execution."

    Note though that this does not apply across entire transactions, as you may expect. Thus a transactionlike:

    START TRANSACTION;INSERT INTO EVENTS VALUES (NOW(), 'A');INSERT INTO EVENTS VALUES (NOW(), 'B');

    COMMIT;

    will result in potentially two different times being recorded for the two records.

    Posted by cameron green on September 16 2005 6:13am [Delete] [Edit]

    If you need the type to be dynamically taken from a table (that is where you have "year", "day", "month" etcas a column in the table), here is the best way I could work out to do it. Expand as necessary :

    SELECT set_date, unit_period, unit_multiplier, CASE WHEN unit_period = "month" THEN DATE_SUB(set_date, INTERVAL unit_multiplier MONTH) WHEN unit_period = "week" THEN DATE_SUB(set_date,INTERVAL (unit_multiplier * 7) DAY) WHEN unit_period = "year" THEN DATE_SUB(set_date, INTERVALunit_multiplier YEAR) ELSE DATE_SUB(set_date, INTERVAL unit_multiplier DAY) END FROMdates_table;

    Posted by Andrzej Salamon on September 22 2005 1:27pm [Delete] [Edit]

    Returns all rows from actual month to given @months. eg. if you want get all rows in:

    5 months from now:(2005-09) - 5 = (2005-04)all rows from 2005-04-01 to 2005-04-30

    2 months from now(2005-09) - 2 = (2005-07)

    all rows from 2005-07-01 to 2005-07-31

    SQL variables, can be PHP variables like $months,$nextMonth,$begin,$end

    set @months = 1; #change only this value(months back from actual month)set @nextMonth = @months+1;

    set @begin = FROM_DAYS(TO_DAYS(LAST_DAY( DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL @nextMonthMONTH )))+1);

    set @end = FROM_DAYS(TO_DAYS(LAST_DAY( DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL @months MONTH )))+1);

    SELECT cols_u_want FROM tbl_u_wantWHERE timestampColBETWEEN @begin AND @end

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    It`s my solution. If U have Your own please email me.Sorry for my english :)

    Posted by Bryan Donovan on November 14 2005 9:22pm [Delete] [Edit]

    I'm not sure if this is the best way, but it works to get the date of the Monday of the week of a date. Forexample, if you have a datetime column called starttime in a table called test_events, you could select the

    distinct Mondays from your table as follows:

    SELECT DISTINCT(STR_TO_DATE(CONCAT(YEARWEEK(starttime),'1'),'%x%v%w'))FROM test_events;

    Hopefully there is a better way..

    Posted by Rodolfo Maripan on November 29 2005 3:52pm [Delete] [Edit]

    I was using mysql v4 and the date was in a varchar data type, in order to change the data type in mysql v5i use the following code:

    update ssd_escondida.tactual_sag4 set ssd_escondida.tactual_sag4.Fecha=str_to_date(ssd_escondida.tactual_sag4.Fecha2,'%e/%m/%Y');

    where:

    ssd_escondida: databasetactual_sag4:is a tableFecha: is a date typeFecha2:is a varchar which contains a date, but is from 01/01/2005 to 04/01/2005 (with a zero at thebegining)

    why i used %e instead of %d??? the answer is very simple, there is a problem with de help aboutstr_to_date:%d: represents the days, but from 0 to 31 and...

    %e: represents the days, but from 00 to 31.that's the reason why we cannot use: str_to_date('00/00/0000',%d/%m/%Y), we must use str_to_date('00/00/0000','%e/%m/%Y')Another way in order to change a string like: 00/00/0000 to a date is to use: str_to_date('00/00/0000','0%d/%m/%Y')

    Posted by Regina Mullen on December 3 2005 10:25pm [Delete] [Edit]

    Simple method of converting dates from any ofMM-DD-YYYYMM/DD/YYYYMM.DD.YYYY(oldDate) to YYYY-MM-DD (addDate). Load date in as text and convert in one go using:

    update table set addDate = CONCAT_WS('-', RIGHT( oldDate,4), LEFT( oldDate,2), SUBSTRING( oldDate,4,2))

    Caveat: make sure your text input doesn't have spaces.

    Posted by Hyper Hacker on December 26 2005 10:54pm [Delete] [Edit]

    In MySQL 4.0, and possibly others, UNIX_TIMESTAMP() doesn't work with dates before 1970. This querydoes the same, and works with any date from from Fri, 13 Dec 1901 20:45:54 to Tue, 19 Jan 203803:14:07. 'date' is the name of the DATETIME column you need a timestamp of.

    SELECT (((TO_DAYS(date) * 86400) + TIME_TO_SEC(date)) - (TO_DAYS("1970-01-01") * 86400)) AStimestamp

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    If you're using PHP, note that date() accounts for DST and thus may appear to return incorrect results;also, don't forget to escape the quotes around 1970-01-01.

    Posted by Noel Athaide on December 27 2005 8:23am [Delete] [Edit]

    Keyphrases: Birthday reminder, select dates between

    This might be useful. If you have a database containing 'name' and 'birthday' (as columns) then the

    following query will list the birthdays in the next 15 days. (16 to be more precise :-))

    What I found unique about this problem is that the YEAR (of birth) will always be different and hence onecannot simply use a query like :

    | SELECT * FROM `friends` WHERE

    | `birthday` >= CURDATE()

    | AND

    | `birthday` = DAYOFMONTH(CURDATE())

    | AND

    | DAYOFMONTH(`birthday`)

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    DAYOFMONTH(`user_birthdate`) > DAYOFMONTH(CURDATE())ANDDAYOFMONTH(`user_birthdate`)

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    9:00. An hour is 10000 (1:00:00), not 3600 (36:00).

    If you want to add seconds, use something like the following (for the last hour);

    SELECT log_time AS Time FROM call_logWHERE log_time >= (CURTIME( ) - SEC_TO_TIME(3600) );

    Posted by Issac Goldstand on March 9 2006 12:34am [Delete] [Edit]

    If you have a column of date values and you want to compare the day portion of them with today's date,taking in mind shorter months which might not contain all the dates in your set (example, billing systems oranything else which needs to run on each record or recordset on a given day of the month), you can tryone of these (replacing '2002-04-30' with the date field you're comparing):

    SELECT DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE()-INTERVAL 1 MONTH, CONCAT('%Y-%m-',DAY('2002-04-30')))+INTERVAL 1 MONTH;

    This tends to "round down" on missing days - for example for dates ending in 30, this will translate to feb28 (in february).

    Posted by Marko Kruustk on April 5 2006 2:19pm [Delete] [Edit]

    In reply to "David Berry on September 17 2004 9:08pm"

    Problem: To find week start and end date with user specified start of the week day and user specified datefor which the week is to be found.

    David's solution does not work with user specified week start and end. It only works with normal weekwhich is 1 and 7 as start and end correspondingly.

    As I needed different starting day for week than Sunday or Monday for timesheet calculations, I had tocome up with working solution:

    ...

    date_sub(t.date, interval if(dayofweek(t.date)-$weekStartingDay >= 0, dayofweek(t.date)-$weekStartingDay, dayofweek(t.date)-$weekStartingDay+7) day) week_start

    ...

    date_sub(t.date, interval if(dayofweek(t.date)-$weekStartingDay >= 0, dayofweek(t.date)-$weekStartingDay, dayofweek(t.date)-$weekStartingDay+7) - 6 day) week_end

    ...

    This solution works fine for me, at least at the moment till I find some bug in it :)

    Posted by [name withheld] on April 14 2006 3:57am [Delete] [Edit]

    Use this to find the date of the last Friday. Please let me know if there is a more efficient way of doing this.

    select if(DATE_FORMAT(curdate(),'%w')>4,date_sub(curdate(),INTERVAL DATE_FORMAT(curdate(),'%w')-5 DAY)


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