Muhammad Ppt1

8/6/2019 Muhammad Ppt1

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History of

IslamThe early history of Islam revolves around one central figure,Muhammad (var. sp.: Muhammed, Mohammed). Although the teaching

of Islam is an interesting mixture of different religions, the origin of the

Faith is found historically in the one person of Muhammad.

http://youtu.be/8Tz4bbqgge8


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MuhammadMuhammad was born in 570 A.D. in to an influential Arabian tribe in the city of Mecca in

Arabia. Muhammads father died before his birth. His mother died when he was six. He

was raised first by his grandfather and later by his uncle. Muhammads early back ground

is not well known. Some scholars believe he came from a well-respected family, but this is

not certain. What is clear is that he was of the Hashimite clan of theAl Quraysh tribe. At

the age of 25, he married a wealthy 40 year old widow named Khadijah.


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Muhammad

The character of Muhammad was quite

mosaic-he was a poet rather than a

theologian.

A master improvisor rather than a

systematic thinker.

He was generous, resolute, genial and

astute: a shrewd judge and a born leader

of men.

He could, however, be cruel and

vindictive to his enemies; he could

stoop to assassination; and he wasundeniably sensual (Ibid., pg 60)

Robert Payen writes in his the book,

The Mighty Sword-violence and

gentleness were at war with him.

The tomb of the prophet


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Muhammad

The Call As Muhammad grew, his views

changes. He came to believe in

only one God, Allah, a

monotheistic faith.

He rejected the idolatrous

polytheism of those around him.

By the age of 40, the now religious

Muhammad had his first vision. These revelations are what are

recorded in the Quran (Koran)


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Muhammad

Muhammad was first unsure of the

source of these visions, whether

divine or demonic.

His wife Khadija, encouraged himto believe they had come from

God.

She became his first convert.

His most important early convert

was a wealthy merchant named

Abu Bakr, who eventually becameone of his successors.


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Muhammad

Muhammad began to receive

messages or revelations from

God-sometimes hearing the words

being spoken to him, but for themost part simply he found them in

his heart.

These were not of Muhammads

conscience mind.

The messages started out fairly

short, and consisted of short versesending in a common rhyme or

assonance.

They were committed to memory

by Muhammad and his followers.

Muhammad continued to receive

the messages at intervals until his

death.

In his closing years the revelationstended to be longer, to have much

longer verses and to deal with the

affairs of the community of

Muslims at Medina. (The CambridgeHistory of Islam, Vol. 2)

T

here are interesting parallels withHebrew prophets: The appearance

of the angel Gabriel-Recite!!!


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Muhammad

These visions mark the start of

Muhammads prophetic call by Allah.

Muhammad received these visions

during the following 22 years, until

his death in 632 A.D.

The Hijira

The new faith encounteredopposition in Muhammads home

town of Mecca. Because of thisrejection in Mecca and the ostracismof his views, Muhammad andfollowers withdrew to the city knownas Medina, which means in full, Cityof the Prophet, renamed from its

original Yathrib.


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Muhammad


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Muhammad

Muhammad denounced all the idols

which surrounded the Kaaba and

declared it was a shrine for the one

true God, Allah. With this new emphasis on Mecca,

Muhammad realized he must soon

return to his home. The rejected

prophet did return in triumph,

conquering the city.


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Muhammad

(John B. Noss) Muhammads Return

One of his first acts was to go to

reverently to the Kaaba; yet he

showed no signs of Yielding to theancient Meccan polytheism. After

honoring the Black Stone and riding

seven times around the shrine, he

ordered the destruction of the idols

within it and the scraping of the

paintings of Abraham and the Anglesfrom the walls. He sanctioned the use

of the well Zamzam and restored the

boundary pillars defining the sacred

territory around Mecca.

Thenceforth no Muslim would

have cause to hesitate about going

on a pilgrimage to the ancient holy

city.


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Muhammad

Muhammad now made sure of his

political and prophetic ascendency

in Arabia. Active opponents near at

hand were conquered by the sword,and tribes far away were invited

sternly to send delegations offering

their allegience. Before his sudden

death in 632 he knew he was well

on the way to unifying the Arab

tribes under a theocracy goverened

by the will of God (Noss, Mans

Religion)

Between the return to Mecca and

Muhammads death, the prophet

zealously and militantly propagated

Islam

The New faith quickly spread

throughout the area.


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Muhammad

When Muhammad had died he had

not written a will instructing the

leadership in Islam about

determing his successor (Khalifa orCaliph).

As the last and greatest of the

Prophets he could not be replaced.

This new theocracy needed a

leader, not to give but to enforce

the law, to lead in war and to guidein peace.


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Muhammad

A Caliph must be appointed.

Umar ibn al Khatatb (himself the

2nd Cailph) suceeded in rushing the

election of the aged Abu Bakr, oneof the first believers.

But the question of the Caliphate

was to cause more divisions and

bloodshed than any other issue in

Islam


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Muhammad cont.

The importance of Muhammad to the Islamic faith cannot be understatedhe is theprophet of God and is known as the Seal of the Prophets. The five main articles of

the Islamic religion, as communicated through Muhammad are:

ONE God (Allah): This is the central doctrine of Islam and it is important

recognize that no partner is to be associated with God. To associate a partnerwith God is to commit to a most heinous, a sin for which the Quran offers no

forgiveness (4:48). He is Allah, the One, the Eternal, Absolute. He begets not

, nor is he begotten, and there is none like Him (Quran 112:3-4).

Angels: Spiritual beings under the command of God. They administer the

kingdom, and carry out his orders obediently Gabriel is the highest ranking

angel. Angles are said to have specific roles in regard to the recording of deeds

some are to record good deeds and some are to record bad deeds. The

presence of angles is very much a prominent aspect of the Islamic system of

belief.


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Muhammad cont.

Prophets of God: According to the Quran, God has sent a prophet to every nation topreach the message of there being only one God; these messengers reveal Gods command

to worship only Him and to obey His commands. Among many others (124,000), there are

the Biblical figures of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, David,

Solomon, Jonah, John the Baptist, and Jesus. Each of these prophets were given for a

particular age and region, but Muhammad transcends all boundaries.

The Holy Books: The four highest ranking prophets were given books of divinerevelation: Moses (Torah/Tawrat), David (Psalms/ Zabur), Jesus (Gospel/Injil), and

Muhammad (Quran). Muslims believe that only the Quran has been preserved in its

uncorrupted state (therefore, any translation of the Quran is in some way flawed). The

Quran invites people back to the true teachings of the previous prophets; additionally,

there is no need for other prophets after Muhammad, he was the last and gave Allahs final

teachings.

The Day of Judgment: Muslims believe that this world will come to an end on a day

Allah has appointed the world will stand before Allah in judgment. Each persons deeds

will be weighed; those emerge successfully from Judgment will go to eternal paradise,

those who are condemned will be sent to Hell (Is then the man who believes no better than

the man who is rebellious and wicked? Not equal are they. Quran 32:18). While unsure

of their fate, Muslims are confident in the mercy of Allah.


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The Five Pillars

In Islam, faith and works are said to go hand in hand; a mere verbal declaration of

faith does not make one a Muslim, for belief in Allah makes obedience to Him a duty.

Only when practice is consistent with profession will one be a true Muslim. The

following five formal acts are the keys for developing and strengthening a Muslims

faith and obedience.

Testimony of Faith (Shahadah) the word Shahadah means to bear witness.

There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger. When a person

recites the Shahadah with sincerity and purity of heart and in front of public

witness, he/she becomes a Muslim.

Prayer (Salah) Formal prayer is the most important act of worship; it is

mankinds connection to Allah. Muslims are required to say seventeen cycles, or

raka, of prayer each day. These cycles are usually spread over five separate acts

of prayer each day dawn, noon, midafternoon, dusk, and two hours after sunset.

The prayer can be an individual act or an act done in a group, which is said to

strengthen the bonds of love and brotherhood. There is a prescribed washing

that must take place before prayer, you must have a prayer rug or be in a mosque,

and when praying you must face Mecca.


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The Five Pillars cont.

Fasting (Ramadan) Ramadan is the month in which was sent down the Quran, asa guide to mankind, and clear signs for guidance and judgment between right and wrong.

So every one of you should spent that month fastingwhile Allah attends to every facility

for you (Quran 2:183-185). During the month ofRamadan, Muslims are expected to

fast during the daylight hours. After sundown the believer is allowed to partake again. The

month is filled with increased devotion, piety, and purity of mind, body, and soul.

Almsgiving (Zakat) The Muslim is commanded to give at least 2.5% of his/herwealth/accumulated assets/income, to be used to support the poor, orphans, widows, those

overcome by debt, slaves, and to assist in the spread of Islam. This fosters the quality of

sacrifice and rids one of selfishness, greed, and vanity.

Pilgrimage (Hajj) Once in a lifetime, a Muslim who is financially able and healthy,

must travel to Mecca, during the month of Hajj (12th month of the lunar year). Each

pilgrim must wear the ihram (a white cloth robe), which has the effect of eliminating all

class or status distinctions during the Hajj. The process of visiting several sacred sites takes

about one week, but it is the prayer at the Kaaba that is said to be the most significant event.


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I went home radiant with hopeand joy, forI have fulfilled thecommand to humankind to

undertake the pilgrimage.Above all, I return prayingthat it might please Allah, tofind my Hajj acceptable, andmay what the Prophet (s.a.w.)said be true of my own

journey: "There is no rewardfor a pious pilgrimage but

Paradise."


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Muhammad

Early Believer

There were the Companions of the

Prophet, who believed in the

eligibility of any suitable Early

Believer of the tribe of Quraysh.

There was the aristocracy of Mecca,

who wished to capture the Caliphate

for the family ofUmayya

Legitimists

Those who believed that no election

was needed, but that Ali, the cousin

and son-in-law of the Prophet, had

been divinely designated as hissuccessor.


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Muhammad

Abu Bakr died less than two years

after his designation as Caliph.

Upon his death umar became his

sucessor, and under him theborders of the Islamic empire were

considerably expanded.


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Caliph

The Sunnis A conflict raged on another front, that

of law and theology

Four recognized, orthodox schools of

Islamic Thought-the Sunnis

Quran

The Sunna, practice of the Prophet

Hadith (traditions)

Sahria (four bases of Islamic Law):

The Quran, the Hadith, the Ijma(consensus of the Muslim

community), Qyas (use of analogical

reason)

The Shia The fourth Caliph to follow

Muhammad was an early convert and

also his son-in-law, Ali: He was

eventually murdered by Muawiya,who claimed the Caliphate for

himself.

Much tragedy befell the House of Ali

(Alis two sons)

The Shiites completely dominate

Iran; their most prominent leader is

Ayatollah Khoumeni


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The Branches of Islam

Sunni:

Accounting for at least 85 percent of the Islamic world, the Sunni claim to be the direct

continuation of the faith as defined by Muhammad. For many years they acknowledged the

religious authority of a ruling caliph, the major point of contention with the breakaway

Shiite movement. The Sunni derive their name through reliance on the "Sunnah the

lifestyle and practices of Muhammad as recorded in a collection of writings called theHadith (the record of individual sayings or actions or approvals of Muhammad - taken as a

model of behavior by Muslims). The Sunni accept the Sunnah as a source of spiritual

wisdom, while the Shiite insist on the primacy of the Koran.

Shiite:

The smaller of the two principal branches of Islam, the Shiite account for at least 10 percentof all Muslims. They originally were followers of the fourth caliph, Ali, who was

Muhammad's son-in-law through the prophet's daughter Fatima. Ali claimed that

Muhammad on his deathbed selected Ali as leader of the faith, but Ali was murdered during

the fifth year of his reign. The Shiite formally broke away from Muslim leaders recognized

by the Sunni around 680. A principal belief of the Shiite is that no caliph since Ali has been

legitimate. The present religious authority of the Shiite clerics is derived from their role as

deputies of the absent 12th Imam.


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Key Terms

Shari'ah: The revealed and the canonical laws of the religion of Islam. Thelegislative power in the government lies in the hands of legislative assembly. The

legislators are to make rules and regulations within the scope and dimensions of the

Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet. These rules constitute the Shari'ah.

Mosque: Muslim building of prayer and worship.

Jihad: Literally means, "struggle or striving; refers to the obligation of all

Muslims to struggle against error and evil. In another sense it refers to the

defensive military struggle against those who would attack Muslims and subvert

their faith, hence the concept of the 'Holy war.

P.B.U.H. :These letters are abbreviations for the words Peace Be Upon Him whichcorresponds to the meaning of the Arabic expression Alaihis Salam, which is an

expression that is said when the name of a prophet is mentioned. This expression is

widely used by English speaking Muslims. It is to be noticed here that this

expression does not give the full meaning of "Salla Allahu 'Alaihi Wa Sallam (may

the blessing and the peace of Allah be upon him). Therefore it is recommended that

people do not use (p.b.u.h.) after the name of prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.); they

should use "Salla Allahu 'Alaihi Wa Sallam" instead, or they may use the

abbreviated form of (s.a.w) in writing.

Muhammad Ppt1

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Muhammad Ppt1