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Page 1: Modern Art Powerpoint   pdf

Art Movements of

the Post WWI Years 1919-1939

Raphaella W. Chappaqua, NY

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modernism 1916 - 1940

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The expression of the Artist’s right to freedom of choice in subject and style.

Departure from literal representation – no longer needed with birth of photography.

“Art for Art’s sake”

Reject tradition and society.

Principles of Modernism

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Art movements as part of Modernism

Dadaism (1916 – 1924)

Bauhaus (1919 – 1933)

Art Deco (1920 – 1935)

Surrealism [early] (1920 - 1935)

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dadaism 1916 - 1924

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Tristan Tzara – founder of Dadaism

“ Freedom : Dada Dada Dada, a

roaring of tense colors, and

interlacing of opposites and all

contradictions, grotesques,

inconsistencies: LIFE”

“Dada Manifesto” [1919]

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Began in neutral Switzerland in WWI

Also big in Paris.

Reached its peak between 1916 – 1924

“Anti – Art”

A movement against rigidity of society and art, and the barbarity of war – the public didn’t deserve art after the war.

Dadaism

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Characteristics of Dada Art

Nonsensical drawings

Pastel and faded colors

Used collages and layers – to confuse

the “unworthy beholder.”

“The beginnings of surrealism” –

many Dada artists went on to become

members of the Surrealist movement.

Subjects sometimes mundane, called

art as irony. (e.g.– bicycle wheel, flyer.)

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Important Artists of the Dada Movement

Tristan Tzara (1896 – 1953)

Francis Picabia (1879 – 1953)

Kurt Schwitters (1887 – 1948)

Max Ernst (1891 – 1976)

Marcel Duchamp (1887 – 1958)

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Kurt

Schwitters

The Cherry

Picture

1921

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Kurt

Schwitters

Merz 448

(Moscow)

1922

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Kurt

Schwitters

Kleine

Dada

Soiree

1922

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Example covers of Dada Magazine (1917 & 1920)

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bauhaus 1919 - 1933

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Walter Gropius: Founder of Bauhaus

“The School will gradually turn

into a workshop…

Art and Technology - a

new unity.”

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Bauhaus Began in 1919 with

Bauhaus School in

Weimar, Germany.

Lead by Walter

Gropius, Hannes Meyer,

& Ludwig Mies Van Der

Rohe.

Wanted to create new

art to reflect the new

times they were living

in after WWI.

Artist should be trained

to work in the industry.

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Walter Gropius Born in Berlin in 1883

Served as Sgt. Major in WWI.

In 1919 was employed as the new master of the Grand-Ducal Saxon School of Arts and Crafts in Weimar – became the Bauhaus School.

Fled Germany and the Nazi Party in 1934.

Died in Boston, MA in 1969.

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Characteristics of Bauhaus

A lack of recognizable objects – wanted

to find the true meaning of art through

disassembling it.

Clean lines, geometric shapes layered.

In architecture: clean, functional.

Like Dadaism, was a step toward

surrealism for artists such as Wassily

Kandinsky.

Stylistic patterns altered as leaders of the

school changed – earlier Bauhaus is

different to later Bauhaus.

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Important members of the Bauhaus school

Walter Gropius (1883-1969)

Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944)

Josef Albers (1888-1976)

Herbert Bayer (1900 - 1985)

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Bauhaus School in Dessau, Germany

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Wassily

Kandinsky

Contrasting

Sounds

1924

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Wassily

Kandinsky

On White II

1923

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Wassily Kandinsky

Yellow Red Blue

1925

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Josef Albers

Figure (Glass,

Colour and

Light)

1921

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Like Dada,

Bauhaus also

published

periodicals and

magazines.

Head of printing

and design for

Bauhaus Magazine

was Herbert Bayer.

The Bauhaus

school also

published books

called

Bauhausbücher

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art deco 1920 - 1935

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Art Deco

Center: Paris.

Gained the title “Art Deco”

from Exposition

Internationale des Arts

Decoratifs et Industriels

Modernes in 1925

A new kind of decorative

and elegant art.

Reached its high point in

the mid ’20s – mid 30’s.

Reaction to the forced

austerity caused by WWI.

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Characteristics of Art Deco

Geometric shapes

Although not the flowing swirls of Art

Nouveau, had bolder curves and less

“fussy” designs.

Bold colors, and new ways of shading

pictures.

Idealistic images of the “flaming

youth” of the “roaring twenties”.

Carried a theme through pieces,

especially in interiors and architecture.

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Exposition Internationale des arts Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes

April – November 1925

Held in Paris

To show the world that France once again led the way in a new evolving international style – “Art Deco”.

Changed the perception of Bauhaus, Colonial Art and, predominantly, the Art Deco style as legitimate movements.

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Important Art Deco Artists

Tamara de Lempicka

(1898 – 1980)

“Erte” - Romain De Tirtoff (1892 – 1990)

William Van Allen (1883 – 1954)

“Cassandre” - Adolphe

Mouron (1901 – 1968)

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Tamara de

Lempicka

Self Portrait in

the Green

Bugatti

1925

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Erte

Design for

Lanternbearer in

“Venise XVII”

1919

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Erte

L’Arc En Ciel

(Cover for

“Harpers

Bazaar”)

1929

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Cassandre

L’Atlantique

1932

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early surrealism 1920 - 1935

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Surrealism Inspired by new psychology of two men:

Sigmund Freud & Carl Gustav Jung

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Basic Principles Freud

Human development is best understood as changing objects of sexual desire

Wishes are repressed and emerge from the subconscious in “accidental” bursts – Freudian slips.

Neuroses are caused by repressed memories and unconscious conflicts.

ID, Ego and Super Ego.

Jung

Neuroses are caused by conflicts between individuals subconscious and greater world.

Sexual desire does not play as huge a role.

Must make a healthy relationship between the conscious and unconscious – shouldn’t be cut off from it, but shouldn’t be swamped by it.

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Surrealism Divided into two groups based on different interpretations of Freud and Jung – the Automatists and the Veristic Surrealists.

Automatists - suppress conscious in order to free the subconscious, inspired by more “Dadaist” ideals, shouldn’t be overly analyzed.

Veristic Surrealists - follow the images of the subconscious so they can be interpreted; art is a way to freeze ideas of the subconscious.

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Surrealism Lead by Andre Brenton, a French doctor who had served in the trenches during WWI.

Subject matter was varied:

– some pieces show a complete dislocation from any sort of literal “reality” (for example, Max Ernst’s works)

-- other pieces show “normal” situations with a spark of absurdity (for example, Rene Magritte's works.)

Bright colors among sometimes dull backgrounds.

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Max Ernst

Hydrometric

Demonstration

Of How To Kill

By Temperature

1920

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Max Ernst

Kupferblech

1919

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Max Ernst

The Elephant

Celebs

1921

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Max Ernst

The Couple in Lace

1925

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Rene Magritte

Voice of Space

1931

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Rene Magritte

The False Mirror

1928