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MODAL VERBS
2.2. SHALL/WILL
I. Work on the model:
The door of our room is open. (to shut it)
Shall I/we shut it?
I. Your suitcase is very heavy. (to help you) 2. This book is not very
expensive. (to buy it) . !arry has not arrived yet. (to rin" him up) #. Youdon$t know this word. (to translate it) %. It is dark in here. (to turn the li"ht
on) &. I think I am late. (to take a taxi) '. I have found a mistake. (to correct
it) . The radio is too loud. (to turn it down) . You don$t have enou"h
money. (to lend you some)
II. E!ress "ns"sten#e or threat $% us"n& shall.Work on the model:
I insist that they come here tomorrow.
Theyshall #omehere tomorrow.
*. +e assure you that you will re"ret that, 2. I insist that they tell us the
truth. . The pupils must be present before o$clock. #. +e insist that they
produce the evidence at once. %. You will remember this one-day, &. They
are obli"ed to wear uniforms in this school. '. I insist that you "o there at
once. . +e assure you that this boy will admit his faults.
III. Ask 'or the o!"n"on o' other !eo!le $% us"n& the stru#ture let's ...,
shall we ? a##ord"n& to the model:
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+hy don$t we open the window?
Let(sopen the windowshall )e *
*. +hat about "oin" there one of these days? 2. +hy don$t we call the
police? . !ow about postponin" our trip? #. +hy don$t we translate thewhole para"raph? %. I su""est we buy these dictionaries. &. !ow about
invitin" her to our party ? '. +hy don$t we read this sentence a"ain? . I
su""est we try to find them. . I think we should leave earlier today. */.
!ow about spendin" this weekend at the seaside?
IV. +se will to des#r"$e ,usual $eha-"our, "nstead o' the S"m!le
resent:
*. +hen she is tired she often drinks tomato 0uice. 2. 1ur friends don$t
always spend the evenin"s at home. . ane pays us a visit occasionally. #.
3on$t worry4 such thin"s often happen here. %. 5ather often "oes fishin". &.
6y sister watches T7 for hours every afternoon. '. 8ranny takes a walk
every evenin". . The "irl drinks milk every mornin".
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V. ranslate the 'ollo)"n& senten#es #onta"n"n& su!!os"t"on "nto
Roman"an:
*. This will be the place where the accident took place. 2. !er "uest will
have arrived by now. . +ho will that pretty woman be? #. They will haveunderstood us I suppose. %. 1ur friends haven$t arrived yet4 they will still be
workin". &. The bell is rin"in". That will be 9lbert.
VI. ranslate the 'ollo)"n& senten#es "nto Roman"an !a%"n& attent"on to
the mean"n&s o' the -er$ will:
*. +ill you come with me please? 2. :hildren will be children. . I wonder
who that tall man will be. #. 6y dau"hter will be very happy if you will lend
her this new dictionary. %. I don$t know whether they will succeed or not. &.
6y car won$t start. '. This "irl will spend lon" hours listenin" to music. .
+ill you kindly repeat the last sentence ?
2.0. 1A/1O+LD
I. 1omment on the 'ollo)"n& senten#es us"n& can or can't + Infinitive.
Work on the model:
;ob has learnt the poem by heart.
!e#an re#"teit.*.
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her left hand. . n"lish son"s.
II. urn the 'ollo)"n& senten#es "nto the 3uture:
*. I can speak >n"lish. 2. +e can play the piano. . 6ary can understand
him. #. You can carry this box. %. I can open that window. &. The children
can help us. '. +e can translate the lesson. . I can count in 5rench. . You
can draw nice flowers. */. +e can repair en"ines.
III. Work on the model:
I can$t swim very well but I ... swim when I was a child.
I can$t swim very well but *#ouldswim when I was a child.
*. erry can$t ride a bicycle but he ... ride it years a"o. 2. You can$t speak
8erman now but you ... speak it when you were five years old. . +e can$t
play football very well now but we ... play uite well when we were pupils.
#. I can$t type very fast now but I ... type when I was a student. %. +e can$t
reco"ni=e him now but we ... reco"ni=e him when he had a moustache. &.
6y brothers can$t remember her name now but they ... remember it three
days a"o. '. I can$t rin" her up at this time of ni"ht but I ... rin" her up at '
o$clock in the evenin". . 8randfather can$t dance now but he ... dancevery well when he was youn"er. . 1ur friends can$t 0oin us on the trip
today but they ... 0oin us last week. */. You can$t understand him now as
he is speakin" very fast but you ... understand him when he spoke more
slowly.
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IV. 3"ll "n the $lanks )"th canor be able to.Somet"mes "t "s !oss"$le to
use e"ther:
*. Your sister ... play the violin very well. 2. 9lthou"h the problem is very
difficult we ... do it. . +e have been lookin" for him for three hours but
we ... not find him. #. I$m sure that you ... help her now. %. I wonder how she
... find such smart dresses. &. !e is in a hurry. !owever he ... explain to us
how to reach the station. '. +henever he learns the lesson he ... "ive very
"ood answers. . If you enter this room you ... see very interestin" thin"s.
V. E!ress !erm"ss"on a##ord"n& to the model:
You are visitin" your cousin. !e has bou"ht a new bicycle
which you want to see. +hat will you say ?
:an I see your new bicycle ?
*. You are visitin" an old friend of yours. !e has 0ust cut some roses. You
want to smell them. +hat will you say? 2. You are visitin" your desk mate.
You want to make a telephone call. +hat will you say? . Your little sister
has stopped in front of the door. @he is too short to unlock it. You want tohelp her. +hat will you say? #. You are at your friend$s birthday party. You
want another piece of cake. +hat will you say? %. You are visitin" your
nei"hbour. You want to see his newly decorated room. +hat will you say?
&. 6other has 0ust finished a cake. You want to taste it. +hat will you say?
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'. You meet some of your schoolmates in the park. You want to play with
them. +hat will you say? . You have lost your pen. Your deskmate
has "ot two pens. You want to borrow one of them. +hat will you say? .
Your brother opened the window ten minutes a"o. You feel very cold so youwant to close it. +hat will you say? */. You want to sleep but your sister
is still readin" in bed. You want to switch off the li"ht. +hat will you say?
**. Your friend and you are listenin" to the radio. The radio is too loud and
so you want to turn it down. +hat will you say?
VI. Re)r"te these senten#es us"n& can/couldor can't/couldn't)"th -er$s
o' !er#e!t"on4 a##ord"n& to the model:
3oes she hear me well now ?
:an she hear me well now?
*. I smell somethin" stran"e in the room.
2. +e saw a lot of people there.
. +e don$t see her now.
#. 3o you hear 9lice sin"in"?
%. +e didn$t see the ea"le at that moment.
&. You smell a fine scent in the air.
'. @he sees the bear now.
. The do" smelt the dru"s in the car.
5
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VII. +se could + have + Past Participlea##ord"n& to the model:
3id you see that film ?
I could have seen it but I decided not to.
*. 3id you write a letter to her? 2. 3id your mother "ive you a present? .
3id the children buy sweets? #. 3id the boy draw a plane? %. 3id you sin"
an >n"lish son"? &. 3id the "irl make a cake? '. 3id these people help you?
. 3id the policeman fine you? . 3id you eat all the apples? */. 3id Tom
translate the whole text?
VIII. Work on the model:
+here shall we spend this weekend ? ("o to the mountains)
+ell we#ould &oto the mountains.
*. +hat shall I tell your dau"hter now? (a short story) 2. +hen shall we pay
him a visit? (next week) . +hat shall I put on? (the white blouse) #. +here
shall I sleep toni"ht? (in our tent) %. +hen shall we visit this museum? (next
5riday) &. +hat shall we be"in our pro"ramme with? (a @cottish dance) '.
+here shall we put the flowers? (near the window) . +here shall I look for
my spectacles? (in the "arden)
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I6. +se can't7Present/Perfect Infinitiveto e!ress "m!oss"$"l"t%. Work
on the models:
ohn is at home now.
!e#an(t $eat home now.ane missed the bus.
@he#an(t ha-e m"ssedthe bus.
*. ack broke another window. 2. I don$t think this boy speaks apanese. . I
don$t think the pupils have finished all the exercises. #. It$s impossible for
that man to have said that. %. @he knows our hidin" place. &. Aeter saw a
hu"e fish. '. The "irls made many mistakes. . I don$t think the boys are in
the "arden.
2.8. MA9/MIH
I. Re!hrase the 'ollo)"n& senten#es us"n& may + Present Infinitive to
e!ress !oss"$"l"t%:
*. Aerhaps our friend will catch the train. 2. 6aybe you remember her
address.. Aerhaps the tourists don$t know the way to the museum. #.
Aerhaps you will buy another house. %. 6aybe we$ll pay him a visit today. &.
6aybe she doesn$t drink coffee in the mornin". '. Aerhaps the do"s will not
hear us. . 6aybe we$ll find tickets for this play. . Aerhaps your sister will
travel by plane. */. 6aybe the ;rowns are at home.
II. +se may/might + ontinuous Infinitive toe!ress !resent !oss"$"l"t%.
Work on the model:
The boy (to play) football now.
a) The boy ma% $e !la%"n&football now.
b) The boy m"&ht $e !la%"n&football now.
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*. The kids (to sleep) now. 2. Your brother (to drink) some milk now. . The
do" (to bark) now. #. 8rannie (to knit) by the fireplace. %. The teacher (to
correct) our papers. &. ohn (to read) a new novel now. '. 5ather (to repair)
the "ate now. . The children (to watch) a cartoon. . That woman (to sell)white roses. */. The do" (to run) after the cat.
III. Wr"te un#erta"n ans)ers to the 'ollo)"n& ;uest"ons a##ord"n& to the
model:
+here are the children ?
Theyma%/m"&ht/#ould $ein their room.
*. +here will you be tomorrow? 2. +hat time does mother come home?
. +hat does 3oris buy at the "rocer$s? #. +hat time does the plane take
off? %. +here will your friends "o on @unday ? &. +hat will your son
choose for a pet? '. +hich of these houses is hers? . +here does this boy
live? . +hat does your father read in the evenin"?
IV. E!ress !ast !oss"$"l"t% $% us"n& may/might + Perfect Infinitive
a##ord"n& to the models:
3o you know if 9lex passed that exam ?
I$m not sure hema% ha-e !assedit.
3o you know if the policeman reco"ni=ed you ?
I$m not sure hem"&ht ha-e re#o&n"
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V. urn the 'ollo)"n& ,#erta"n, statements "nto ,!oss"$le,/,less
#erta"n, statements a##ord"n& to the model:
@he is in the "arden now.+ell shema%/m"&ht/#ould $ethere.
*. They will arrive at & o$clock. 2. This woman speaks five forei"n
lan"ua"es. . Your sister is sleepin" now. #. !er aunt will be at home at
that time. %. The boys will play tennis tomorrow. &. 8eor"e works in a new
factory. '. The teacher hears us now. . @he will borrow this dictionary from
you.
VI. 1omment on the 'ollo)"n& senten#es us"n& may/mightor can't:
*. Aerhaps you$ll find her there. 2. Aerhaps she sold her car. . I think she
knows him. #. I don$t believe they found out the truth. %. I am sure the
teacher has corrected our papers. &. Aerhaps your nei"hbour was not at
home. '. 6aybe ack is ill. . Aerhaps the hunter shot that wolf. . 6aybe
ack knows the poem by heart. */. I am sure that this "irl doesn$t live in this
house.
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I6. 1omment on the 'ollo)"n& senten#es us"n& might + Present/Perfect
Infinitive to e!ress re!roa#h. Work on the models:
You don$t listen to me when I$m speakin" to you.Youm"&ht l"stento me when I$m speakin" to you.
You didn$t thank her for the book.
Youm"&ht ha-e thankedher for the book.
*. @he doesn$t "et up early. 2. You didn$t learn the lesson. . The boy didn$t
"reet the old woman. #. 6ary doesn$t work hard. %. You were not attentive.
&. You don$t hurry. '. 5ather doesn$t "ive up smokin". . You didn$t brin"
me my coat. . The sick man didn$t take that medicine. */. 6y sister doesn$t
lock the door.
2.=. M+S
I. Ans)er the 'ollo)"n& ;uest"ons. +se must toe!ress an o$l"&at"on.
Work on the model:
:an$t she come later?
Bo shemust #omenow.
*. :an$t Aeter finish his homework tomorrow? 2. :an$t you repair your car in
the afternoon? . :an$t we discuss this matter some other time? #. :an$t your
sister "o shoppin" after lunch? %. :an$t her brother "o there next week? &.
:an$t the boys postpone the match? '. :an$t she shut the windows later on?. :an$t you buy this book next month?
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II. urn the 'ollo)"n& senten#es "nto the ast ense:
*. +e must answer the teacher$s uestions. 2. 6other must "ive the baby
some milk. . You must wake your father at six o$clock. #. +e must pack
everythin" by lunchtime. %. You must lock the door before leavin". &. @hemust brush her teeth every mornin". '. The boys must comb their hair. . !e
must pick some flowers. . I must li"ht the fire at ' o$clock. */. @he must tell
me the truth.
III. urn the 'ollo)"n& senten#es "nto the 3uture:
*. I must "o to the market. 2. You must write this exercise. . @he must clean
the table. #. The children must not cross the street here. %. The patient must
take this medicine. &. I must hurry in the mornin". '. +e must listen to
the lecturer. . The do" must not enter the house. . The children
must help their parents. */. You must dust the furniture.
IV. 3"ll "n the $lanks )"th mustor have to.Somet"mes "t "s !oss"$le to
use e"ther:
*. The pupils in our primary school ... wear uniforms. 2. If you want to "et a
"ood mark you ... work hard. . !e couldn$t come here yesterday because he
... repair his bicycle. #. In Comania traffic ... keep to the ri"ht while in
>n"land it... keep to the left. %. I am sure Tim will be punctual because he ...
to catch the early train. &. This "irl ... earn her livin" since she was fifteen. '.
If you didn$t want to write your homework yesterday you ... write it today.
. I don$t think we can play tennis tomorrow. +e ... "o shoppin". . I knowthat he doesn$t like "oin" to school but he ... */. 9s the mana"er was ill
we ... postpone our meetin".
V. Make u! ;uest"ons )"th have toa##ord"n& to the model:
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D9ndrew had to "o to the "rocer$s.$
D+hy...?D
D+hy did he have to "o there ?$
*. Dack had to "ive examples of ad0ectives.D
D!ow many... ?D
2. D+e had to leave early.D
D+hat time... ? D
. DThe children had to ask uestions.D
D!ow many... ?D
#. D5ather had to pay a fine.D
D!ow much... ?D
%. D@he has to "ive him some money.D
D+hy...?D
&. DYou have to put on another shirt.D
D+hich...?D
'. D+e have to buy a lot of thin"s today.D
D+hat exactly...?D
. D@he had to return the book to the library.D
D+hen...?D
. D8eor"e had to "o back home.D
D+hy...?D*/. DThey have to choose some proverbs.D
D!ow many... ?D
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VI. 3"ll "n the $lanks )"th mustn'tor don't/doesn't have to:
*. I tell you this secret but you ... tell anybody about it. 2. +e still have
plenty of time so we ... hurry. . You ... cross the street till the traffic li"ht is
"reen. #. I think your le" is broken. You ... move it. %. +e have enou"hbread so you ... "o to buy any. &. I may "et up later on because I ... "o to
school today. '. 8ranny is sleepin" so we ... make any noise. . It isn$t
rainin" any lon"er so you ... take your umbrella. . Tom you ... be late for
school a"ain, */. The weather is fine today so we ... put on our warm
clothes.
VII. Ans)er the 'ollo)"n& ;uest"ons $% us"n& mustor can't toe!ress
!ro$a$"l"t% or "m!oss"$"l"t%4 res!e#t"-el%. Work on the models:
DIs ane at home? D (Yes)
DYes she must be at home.D
D3id she miss the train? D (Bo)
DBo she can$t have missed it.D
*. D9re they friends? D (Yes) 2. D3o they understand her? D (Bo) . D3id
ack make so many mistakes? D (Bo) #. D3o these "irls have many toys? D
(Bo) %. DIs it late? D (Yes) &. D9re your friends here? D (Yes) '. D3id they "etlost? D (Bo) . D3o your sisters know me?D (Bo) . D3oes 6ary speak
>n"lish well?D (Yes) */. D3id your cousins move to a new house? D (Bo)
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VIII. E!ress !ast !ro$a$"l"t% $% us"n& must7 have + Past Participle
a##ord"n& to the model:
Aeter is very tired (to work hard)
!emust ha-e )orkedhard.
*. 9lbert didn$t want to "o to the cinema. (to see the film) 2. 1ur friends
haven$t arrived yet. (to miss the train) . The little "irl didn$t find her key. (to
lose it) #. The do" raised its head. (to hear us) %. ack didn$t buy that car.
(to be too expensive) &. 6ar"aret didn$t brin" me the book. (to for"et it) '.
The old woman was very sad. (to hear the bad news) . !is nei"hbour had a
terrible accident. (to fall asleep while drivin" his car) . The ball is no lon"er
under the tree. (somebodyEto take it) */. The cake is not on the table. (the
boyEto eat it)
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I6. ranslate the 'ollo)"n& senten#es "nto En&l"sh us"n& mustto e!ress
o$l"&at"on or dedu#t"on:
*. Bu te neliniFti. Trebuie sG fie HncG devreme. 2. 7ine ploaia aFa cG trebuie
sG ne "rGbim. . 7Gd cG ohn nu a a0uns HncG4 trebuie cG a pierdut autobu=ul.#. ;ate cineva la uFG4 trebuie sG fie fiul vecinului. %. 5rGiorul tGu se
odihneFte aFa cG nu trebuie sG facei "GlG"ie. &. @e uita fix la mine 4 trebuie
sG mG fi vG=ut undeva. '. Bu trebuie sG mai facei asemenea "reFeli. .
;unicul nu-Fi "GseFte ochelarii4 trebuie sG-i fi uitat din nou Hn parc. . Bu
trebuie sG vorbeFti tare Hn bisericG. */. :ei doi bGiei trebuie sG stea iar de
vorbG pe banca din "radinG.
2.>. EED
I. +se needn'ta##ord"n& to the model:
@hall I do this exercise now ? (later on)
Bo youneedn(t.You can do it later on.
*. @hall we "o shoppin" now? (in the afternoon) 2. @hall I call her up today?
(tomorrow) . @hall I do all the problems? (only the first three) #. @hall we
write to 8ranny today? (on Tuesday) %. @hall I read the newspaper now? (in
the evenin") &. @hall we sweep the floor now? (later on) '. @hall I wash the
dishes now? (in the afternoon) . @hall we visit the patient today?
(tomorrow) . @hall we "ive her the present now? (later on) */. @hall I read
the sentence a"ain? (+e have already understood it)
II. 3"ll "n the $lanks )"th must or needa##ord"n& to the mean"n&:
*. ... we buy any bread today? 2. +hen ... the film be"in? . ... you return the
book in a fortni"ht ? #. ... we write exercise five too ? %. +here ... he wait
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for us? &. ... they leave earlier than usual? '. ... they answer in 5rench? . ...
we salute all the officers? . D... I take my rain-coat?D DBo it has cleared
up.D */. +hat ... we write on these sheets of paper ?
III. 3"ll "n the $lanks )"th mustn'tor needn'ta##ord"n& to the mean"n&:
*. Aeople ... walk on the "rass. 2. +e ... take our umbrellas4 the rain has
stopped. . If he hasn$t finished the book yet he ... return it this week. #.
+e ... talk in a library. %. @he ... "et up so early. It doesn$t take her lon"er
than ten minutes to "et to the station. &. The president of a country ... openly
at least take sides in politics. '. :hildren ... run in the street. . Think it
over. You ... decide ri"ht now. . You ... help me with this exercise. I can do
it myself. */. +e ... feed animals in a =oo.
IV. 3"ll "n the $lanks )"th mustn!t /needn't/don't have to/haven't got to
a##ord"n& to the mean"n&:
*. You ... stop your car on the =ebra crossin". 2. You ... all the sandwiches if
you are not hun"ry. . @he ... worry about the train. It will arrive on time. #.
D9re you "oin" to read that letter? D DBo I ... It$s not mine.D %. +e ... "et up
so early. The taxi will come at o$clock. &. @he ... enter this buildin" without
permission. '. You ... "o to the theatre if you don$t want to. . Aupils ... sleep
durin" the classes.
V. Make u! ;uest"ons )"th"eed #I$ ... ? or %o #I$ need to ... ?a##ord"n&
to the mean"n&:
*. ... we (to wait) for you every mornin"? 2. ... she (to finish) her
composition today? . ... I (to hurry) now? #. ... you (to brush) your teeth
every mornin"? %. ... the boys ?towash) their hands now? &. ... mother (to
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wake) him up every mornin"? '. ... I (to carry) her suitcase too today? . ...
she (to show) you her driver$s licence now? . ... the children (to rehearse)
the play every afternoon? */. ... the pupil on duty (to clean) the blackboard
every mornin"?
VI.+se needn't have + Past Participlea##ord"n& to the model:
I don$t know why you said that.
Youneedn(t ha-e sa"dthat.
*. I don$t know why she made such a mistake. 2. I don$t know why they
came so early. . I don$t know why 6atthew ate all the cakes. #. I don$t
know why you travel by train. %. I don$t know why she spent so much
money. &. I don$t know why father waited for us in the park. '. I don$t know
why ane san" that son" twice. . I don$t know why the boys played football
in the evenin". . I don$t know why our friends made so much noise. */. I
don$t know why you told her such a terrible story.
VII.3"ll "n the $lanks )"th didn!t need to/needn!t have + Past Participle
a##ord"n& to the mean"n&:
*. You ... (to tell) her that4 you see she is cryin" now. 2. I ... (to knock) on
the door because it was already open. . @he ... (to take) a taxi because she
still head a lot of time to "et there. #. +e ... (to stop) here4 the policeman has
seen us. %. I ... (to wait) lon" because they came back home very uickly. &.
You ... (to pay) him so much money4 it couldn$t be more than five dollars. '.+e ... (to water) the flowers because it had rained an hour before. . @he ...
(to stay) up so late4 now she is very tired. . You ... (to mention) anythin"
about the child. Bow she understands that we have discussed about him. */.
I ... (to show) my identity card because he had reco"ni=ed me.
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2.@. SHO+LD
I. "-e ad-"#e us"n& should/shouldn'ta##ord"n& to the
model:
It is rather late. 9dvise your sister to hurry.
9ou should hurr%.
*. Your brother speaks too loud. 9dvise him not to speak so loud. 2. 6ike is
often late for school. 9dvise him to "et up earlier. . There is a "ood film on
this week. 9dvise 9lice to see it. #. Your cousins are "oin" to
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train should arrive at % o$clock. . Aeter should work as hard as he can. .
Your sister should not be late for school. */. uliet should see a doctor.
III. Re!la#e the&ccusative7Infinitive$% that + should + Infinitive:
*. It is better to "o there yourself. 2. It was essential for them to understand
this thin" well. . It is advisable for her to try to find them. #. It was natural
for you to act in this way. %. It is important for her to "et the money in the
mornin". &. It was necessary for them to catch the % o$clock train. '. It is fair
for him to tell the truth from the very be"innin". . It was ri"ht for 6ichael
to think about that.
IV. Re!la#e theverb + noun/pronoun #&ccusative$ + ong Infinitive
#onstru#t"on $%that + should + (hort Infinitive:
*. I advised them to hurry. 2. @he su""ested to him to buy that horse. . The
teacher demanded from his pupils to write that exercise a"ain. #. !e advised
you to be punctual. %. !e su""ests to his sister to open the window. &. The
doctor demands from the patient to take that medicine.
V. Re!la#e the if7 happened#onstru#t"on $% should + Present Infinitive
a##ord"n& to the model:
If mother happened to hear us speakin" like that she would "et an"ry
with us.
If mothershould hearus speakin" like that she would "et an"ry withus.
*. If you happened to see her remind her of the trip. 2. If it happened to
snow a"ain we couldn$t "et to the chalet today. . +hat would a little boy
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do if he happened to meet a do" in the street? #. I think he would sleep in
this hotel toni"ht too if he happened to miss the train. %. +hat would they
do if they happened to find a passport in the street? &. If you happened to
hear this man speakin" you would immediately reco"ni=e him. '. If youhappened to win a lar"e sum of money what would you do with it?
VI. Om"t if"n the 'ollo)"n& #ond"t"onal senten#es a##ord"n& to the
model
5red wouldn$t fail the test if he worked harder.
@hould 5red work harder he wouldn$t fail the test.
*. !e would chan"e the present economic policy if he became the Aresident
of the country. 2. 6ary would lend me a pen if she had one. . They would
"o swimmin" today if it weren$t rainin". #. @he would write to him if she
knew his address. %. The "irl would be happy if she found her ba". &. 6y
dau"hter would like this film if she saw it.
VII. ranslate the 'ollo)"n& senten#es "nto Roman"an !a%"n& attent"on
to the -er$ should
*. +hy should they "o there? 2. It is necessary that your brother should learn
all the new words. . I remember that you ur"ed that he should tell his
mother the truth. #. I think that under the circumstances you should write to
them as soon as possible. %. @hould your mother see your dirty clothes she
would be very an"ry. &. I didn$t switch the li"ht on lest my little son shouldwake up. '. +hat would you say if your friend should rin" you up at
midni"ht? . You shouldn$t have "ot up so early. Bow you$ll have to wait
till the others come. . You look pale. You shouldn$t stay up so late. */. That
they should have behaved like that was very surprisin". **. I don$t know
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why she should speak like that. *2. I feel sorry that such a thin" should have
happened to him. *. I think she should have written the exercise before
comin" to school. *#. I explained to them that I should leave for ve ou"ht to speak to her mother about that matter. &. !e ou"ht to ur"e all
his friends to attend that meetin". '. I ou"ht to try to find a better 0ob. . ack
ou"ht to lock the front door. . +e ou"ht to be a little more careful aboutsuch matters. */. @he ou"ht to write a letter to her friends.
III. urn "nto the ne&at"-e:
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*. You ou"ht to tell them about it. 2. !e ou"ht to let 6a""ie know what
happened there. . I ou"ht to send her a lot of money. #. The students ou"ht
to read all these books. %. +e ou"ht to ob0ect to !arry$s su""estion. &. @he
ou"ht to have spoken to him first. '. You ou"ht to "ive that messa"e tosomeone else. . They ou"ht to leave at & o$clock. . +illiam ou"ht to
persuade @ue to "o there. */. You ou"ht to ask for his advice.
IV. Work on the model:
1ur lesson started at ./.
;ut itou&ht to ha-e startedat .
*. I was paid very little for my work. 2. The train arrived at */ o$clock. .
6artin bou"ht five loaves of bread. #. Irene put the flowers in the kitchen. %.
You have used white chalk. &. They went there on foot. '. Belly saw only
the first part of the film. . The old man drank six "lasses of water. . >mma
answered only one uestion. */. :ressida didn$t cross the street at the =ebra
crossin".
V. ranslate the 'ollo)"n& senten#es e!ress"n& e!e#tat"on "nto
Roman"an:
*. 9ccordin" to the weather forecast it ou"ht not to rain tomorrow. 2. This
tele"ram ou"ht to "et there in a few hours. . They ou"ht to find this
exercise easier than the other ones. #. This book ou"ht not to cost more thanten dollars. %. These tools ou"ht to be useful durin" our expedition. &.
9t this time she ou"ht to be at home. '. If you have read this poem so many
times you ou"ht to know it by heart. . This man worked here a few years
a"o so you ou"ht to remember him.
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VI. ranslate the 'ollo)"n& re#ommendat"ons "nto En&l"sh us"n& ought
to:
*. 5ratele tGu ar trebui sG fie mai "ri0uliu. 2. :opiii ei nu ar trebui sG
mGnJnce atJtea dulciuri. . @-ar cuveni sG-i trimit un cadou de :rGciun. #. 9r
trebui sG-i anuni pe pGrinii ei de acest lucru. %. B-ar trebui sG folosii
lumina electricG Hn timpul =ilei. &. >i ar trebui sG-Fi vi=ite=e bunicii mai des.
'. B-ar mai trebui sG HntJr=iai la aceste ore de clasG. . 3acG tot se simte rGu
ar trebui sG consulte un medic. . 9r trebui sG mG las de fumat4 am Hnceput sG
am probleme cu plGmJnii. */. 9r trebui sG-i spunei adevGrul4 nu vedei cum
se frGmJntG?
VII. Relate the 'ollo)"n& senten#es to the ast a##ord"n& to the model:
You ou"ht to lend her your bike.
Youou&ht to ha-e lenther your bike.
*. 6ary ou"ht to "et there in the mornin". 2. You ou"ht to know this. . I
ou"ht to rin" up my "randparents. #. The boy ou"ht not to eat so many
cakes. %. 9ccordin" to the time-table the train ou"ht to arrive at & o$clock. &.
You ou"ht to work harder for this exam. '. The pupil on duty ou"ht to clean
the blackboard. . !e ou"ht to have his hair cut.
2.C. WO+LD
I. Re!la#e the ast Su$un#t"-e used a'ter the -er$ wish$% would7
Present Infinitive:
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*. I wish he were not so la=y. 2. I wish you helped her. . You wish she
knew the answer to this uestion. #. They wish I were not so busy. %. I wish
you understood her. &. You wish he wrote to his mother more often.
II. Re!la#e want"n the 'ollo)"n& senten#es $% would li)e to:
*. 6y brother wants to become an en"ineer. 2. I want to buy a new car. .
You want to find her there. #. The boys want to win the match. %. 6ary
wants to learn a forei"n lan"ua"e. &. You want to "o to the seaside. '. I want
to explain to you what has happened. . The old man wants to buy some
medicine. . You want to help the old woman. */. I want to see that film.
III. urn "nto the Ind"re#t S!ee#h:
*. DI will write to her soonD said the boy. 2. D6other will make a "ood cake
for my birthdayD Cuth said. . D+hen will the children come?D the woman
wanted to know. #. DBobody will find us hereD Tom told me. %. D+ill your
sister buy that book? D Tim asked Kate. &. D6y friends will travel by trainD
6artin explained. '. D1ur plane will take off at ** o$clockD ;ob let us
know. . DThe do" will reco"ni=e meD Aeter hoped. . D6y brother will not
be lateD she assured me. */. DYou will understand these thin"s later onD the
woman told her dau"hter.
IV. Re!la#e the used to#onstru#t"on $% would + Infinitive:
*. 6y father used to work in the mornin" but now he works in the
afternoon. 2. You used to walk to your office but now you "o there by bus.
. 6other used to drink much coffee but now she doesn$t any more. #.
+hen my dau"hter was a child she used to read storybooks. %. ;ill did not
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used to en0oy classical music but now he listens to it re"ularly. &. You used
to "et to work in time but you don$t any more. '. 8randfather used to smoke
ci"ars but he doesn$t any lon"er. . You used to play the piano but you
haven$t touched it for years now.
V. Make u! !ol"te re;uests a##ord"n& to the model:
:ome this way,
+ould you come this way ?
+ould you be so kind as to come this way ?
+ould you please come this way ?
*. 1pen the door, 2. @in" a son", . Tell me the truth, #. @peak >n"lish to
me,
%. @how me the way, &. :lean the blackboard, '. 8ive me a piece of chalk,
. Cead this article a"ain, . >xplain that rule to them, */. :orrect this
sentence,
VI. Re!la#e was/were unwilling to or refused to$% wouldn't:
*. I asked her to help me but she refused to do it. 2. The boy was unwillin"
to take part in the debates. . You refused to show her how to do that
problem. #. I was unwillin" to "o to the theatre. %. @he invited him to come
in but he refused. &. The child was unwillin" to drink that medicine.
VII. ranslate the 'ollo)"n& senten#es "nto Roman"an !a%"n& attent"on
to the -er$ would:
*. I wish you would be here in the mornin". 2. +ould you be so kind as to
help me with this difficult problem? . I remember that when my son was
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on holiday he would spend lon" hours playin" with other kids in the park. #.
1ur teacher of >n"lish would rather we didn$t make so many mistakes any
lon"er. %. +ould she like to come with us to the country? &. The little child
said that he would fly his new kite that afternoon. '. I wonder what his namewould be. . +ould your brother care to buy tickets for that show? . If I
helped her she would be "rateful to me. */. +ould you like to show us
those pictures a"ain? **. +ould you mind openin" the window? *2. +ould
you please speak louder? *. @he could help me if she would. *#. +ould
you lend me your bike please?
2.F. +SED O
I. Work on the model:
+hat timeEto "o to bedEat */Emuch later
+hat time did you use to "o to bed ?
I used to "o to bed at */ o$clock but now I "o to bed much
later.
*. +hereEto spend a winter holidayEat homeEin the mountains4 2. +hatEto
readEadventure booksEhistory books4 . +hereEto liveEin a villa"eEin a town4
#. +hat timeEto "o to schoolEat './Eat *2.//4 %. +hereEto playEin the
"ardenEin the house4 &. +hereEto have lunchEat the restaurantEat home4 '.
+hat timeEto come from workEat p.m.Eat & p.m.4 . +hatEto
paintElandscapesEportraits4 . +hereEto meet this boyEin the parkEatschool4 */. +hatEto smokeE ci"arsE ci"arettes.
II. Re!la#e the underl"ned -er$s "n the ast ense S"m!le $% the used to
#onstru#t"on:
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*. In her earlier life she imaginedthat she would be rich one day. 2. In the
past people believedthat a mad person was possessed by a devil. . 9t one
time she wasan actress but now she is a sin"er. #. 1ur house wasformerly
an orphana"e. %. There wasonce a pub at the corner of our street. &. 9 lon"time a"o my dau"hter thoughtthere were lands where "iants existed. '. In
those years a famous person livedin this house. . 9bout fifty years a"o the
climate was much warmer than it is now. . +here they lived, in his
childhood they never had snow in winter. */. There wasa brid"e across the
river in front of our house.
III. Re!la#e would + (hort Infinitive$% the used toG#onstru#t"on :
*. +e would spend lon" hours admirin" the landscape. 2. You would pay
him a visit every @aturday afternoon. . +hen Cebecca tau"ht in our school
our pupils would speak >n"lish every day. #. The little boy would play with
the do" in the "arden when his parents were not at home. %. These pupils
would ask a lot of interestin" uestions. &. 3urin" the sprin" holiday I would
work in the "arden every day. '. Bick would swim every mornin" last
summer. . 1ur friends would "o fishin" every @unday. . You would play
football when you were youn"er. */. 6ar"aret would make "ood cakes on
her son$s birthday.
IV. Re!la#eto be accustomed to/to be in the habit of + *ing$% used to:
*. In his childhood he was accustomed to drinkin" fresh milk everymornin". 2. Years a"o my sister was in the habit of writin" letters every
day. . 8randfather was accustomed to "ettin" up early. #.
:hristine was in the habit of smokin" about twenty ci"arettes a day. %. They
were accustomed to workin" from early mornin" till late in the evenin". &.
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3oes 6ike dare to drink this? . !ow do these people dare to ask me such
uestions?
II. Work on the model:
;obEto take my car.
;ob how dare you take my car?
*. AeterEto walk on the "rass4 2. :hildrenE to pick flowers in the park4 .
;oyEto come into my "arden4 #.
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ack will understand us I suppose. &. 6y friend will buy a new car I "uess.
'. These children will help their parents I expect. . Bobody will disturb us
I expect. . I suppose the postman will brin" me a letter tomorrow. */. The
tourists will find the path I expect.
V. Re!la#e challenge + noun/pronoun #&ccusative$7Infinitive$% dare7
noun/pronoun #&ccusative$ + Infinitive"n the 'ollo)"n& senten#es :
*. I challen"ed Tom to run a race. 2. I challen"ed them to speak about the
incident. . @he challen"ed Aeter to break 6r. ;rown$s window. #. 3id they
challen"e him to repeat those words? %. +e challen"ed her to swim in the
river. &. @he challen"ed me to ask him such a uestion. '. I challen"ed him
to write her a"ain. . 3id they challen"e the "irl to lie to me?
2.2. EERAL E6ER1ISE
ranslate the 'ollo)"n& senten#es "nto En&l"sh us"n& modal -er$s:
*. @e poate ca sora ta sG nu Ftie ce s-a HntJmplat acolo. 2. 9r trebui sG
cumperi casa4 s-ar putea ca preurile sG urce. . 3acG ai fi amabil sG-mi
spunei numele dumneavoastrG aF Fti pe cine sG anun. #. 1ricJt de mult i-ai
iubi copiii nu trebuie sG le treci cu vederea "reFelile. %. 3octorul a insistat ca
pacientul sG ia medicamentele re"ulat. &. 9F dori ca 6oF :rGciun sG-mi
aducG o bicicletG anul acesta. '. Bu se poate ca ei sG ne fi recunoscut Hnmi0locul unei asemenea mulimi. . Aot sG-i citesc un para"raf interesant? .
B-am putut mer"e la cinema ieri fiindcG a trebuit sG-l a0ut pe tata. */.
9semenea lucruri se HntJmplG frecvent la meciurile de fotbal. **. 7G
deran0ea=G dacG deschidei toate ferestrele? *2. 3eFi eram foarte obosii
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am putut re=olva pJnG la urmG toate exerciiile. *. Mtiu cG au plecat de la
teatru la ora */./ aFa cG ar trebui sG fie acasG acum. *#. :um HndrG=neFte
ea sG ne punG astfel de HntrebGri? *%. 6G Hntreb de ce n-a venit
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