Lecture 2.6 software

2.6

SOFTWARE

2.6 SOFTWARE

2.6.1 System Software2.6.1.1 Operating System2.6.1.2 Utility

2.6.2 Application Software

2.6.1System Software2.6.1.1 Operating

System

At the end of this lesson, student should be able :-

• Explain the functions of Operating System• Identify types of Operating System

2.6 Software

Series of instructions that tells a computers what tasks to perform and how to perform them.

Two types: System Software Application Software

2.6.1 System Software

Program that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices.

Two types: Operating System Utility Program

2.6.1.1 Operating System

A set of programs containing instructions that coordinate all the activities among computer hardware devices.

FUNCTIONS OF

OPERATING SYSTEM

FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM

monitor performance

provide a user interface

provide file management and other utilities

establish an Internet connection

control a network

administer security

start the computer manage programs

schedule jobs and configure devices

manage memory

THE THE FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS OF AN OF AN OPERATING SYSTEMOPERATING SYSTEM

1. Starting the computer2. Provide a user interface3. Manage programs4. Manage memory5. Schedule jobs and configure devices6. Establish an Internet connection7. Monitor performance8. Provide file management and other

utilities9. Control a network10. Administer security

THE THE FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS OF OF OPERATING SYSTEMOPERATING SYSTEM

1.Starting the computer The process of starting or restarting a

computer is called booting. Cold boot

Turning on computer that has been powered off

Warm boot Restarting computer that is powered on

Warm boot from Windows desktop

Warm boot from system unit

THE THE FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING OF AN OPERATING SYSTEMSYSTEM

2. Provide a user interface

A user interface controls how users enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen.

2 types of user interface: Command-line Graphical user interface (GUI)


3. Manage programs

An OS manages multiple programs and processes while you use the computer.


4. Manage memory

Purpose - to optimize the use of RAM

OS allocates data & instructions to memory while being processed, monitors the contents of memory, and release from memory when the processor no longer requires them.


5. Schedule jobs and configure devices

OS determines the order in which jobs are processed.

A job is an operation the processor manages.

Jobs include receiving data from input device, processing instructions, sending information to output device and transferring items between storage and memory


5. Schedule jobs and configure devices (cont.)

OS will configure any new device added to the computer so that it can work with the computer.

Program that tells operating system how to communicate with a specific device is called a device driver.

With Plug and Play, operating system automatically configures new devices as you connect them.


6. Establish an Internet connection OS provides a means to establish

Internet connection. New Connection Wizard Web browser E-mail program Built-in firewall


7. Monitor performance

OS typically contains a performance monitor.

A program that assesses and provides information about various computer resources and devices such as processor, disk, memory and network usage.


8. Provide file management and other utilities

Utility programs which included in most OS provide the following functions : managing files viewing images securing a computer from unauthorized access Uninstalling programs Scanning disks Defragmenting disks Diagnosing problems Backing up files and disks Setting up screen savers


9. Control a network

Organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network

Resources – hardware, software, data, and information

Example : printer, Internet access, files and programs.


10. Administer security

Establish permissions to resources

Define who can access certain resources and when they can access those resources

By setting user account


TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Three categories: Stand-alone Server Embedded

STAND-ALONE OPERATING SYSTEM

A complete operating system that works on a desktop computer, notebook computer, or mobile computing device.

Example: Windows 7 Mac OS X UNIX Linux

Windows 7

Microsoft’s fastest, most efficient operating system to date.

Features : Quicker programs start up Built – in diagnostics Automatic recovery Improved security Enhanced searching and organizing capabilities Easy-to-use interface

Mac OS X

Multitasking operating system available only for computers manufactured by Apple.

Features:- Large photo-quality icons Built-in networking support Enhanced speech recognition Optical disk burning Enhanced multimedia capabilities

UNIX

Multitasking operating System developed in the early 1970s at Bell Laboratories.

Unix was implemented on many different types of computers.

A version of UNIX is available for most categories of computers.

Most version offer a graphical user interface.Both a stand-alone and server operating

system.

Linux

Popular, multitasking UNIX-type operating system.Open-source software – source code is provided for

use, modification, and redistributionBoth a stand-alone and a server operating system.Some versions are command-line, others are GUI

SERVER OPERATING SYSTEM

Designed specifically to support a network.Resides on a server.Example:

Windows Server 2008 UNIX Linux Solaris NetWare

Windows Server 2008

An upgrade to windows Server 2003.Features:-

Improved Web server management Enhanced server security Protection against malicious software attaches Share many technologies with windows.

Solaris

Version of UNIX developed by Sun Microsystems.

Designed specifically for e-commerce applications.

Manages high-traffic accounts and incorporates security necessary for Web transactions.

NetWare

Developed by Novell, Inc.Designed for client/server networks.A server portion resides on the network

server, client portion resides on client computer.

Supports open source software and runs on all types of computers from mainframes to personal computers.

EMBEDDED OPERATING SYSTEM

Operating system on mobile devices and many consumer electronics.

Resides on a ROM chip.Examples:

Windows embedded CE Windows Mobile Palm OS BlackBerry Symbian OS

Windows Embedded CE

A scaled-down Windows operating system designed for use on communications, entertainment, and computing devices with limited functionality.

GUI that supports colors, sound, multitasking, multimedia, e-mail, Internet access, and Web browsing.

Used in devices such as digital cameras, point-of, sale terminals and automated teller machine.

Windows Mobile

Based on Windows Embedded CEDesigned for specific types of smart phones

and PDAs.Allows user to have access to personal

information manager such as contact lists, schedules, tasks, calenders and notes.

Palm OS

A competing operating system to Windows Mobile.

Designed for smart phones and PDAs.Users manage schedules and contacts,

telephone message, project notes, reminders, task and address lists, and important dates and appointments.

Latest version allows biometric identification and use of smartcards.

BlackBerry

Runs handheld devices supplied by RIM (Research in motion).

Provides personal information manages such as managing schedules, contacts and appointments, and phone capabilities.

Allows wireless functionality

Symbian OS

Open source multitasking OS designed for smart phones.

Allows users to maintain contact list, save appointments browser the web, send/receive text and picture message, email message and faxes.

2.6.1.2 Utility Program

At the end of this lesson, student should be able :-

• Identify types of Utility programs.• Explain the functions of Utility programs.

2.6.1.2 Utility Program

Software that allows user to perform maintenance-type tasks, related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs.

Most OS include several utility programs for managing disk drives, printers and other devices.

Five Types of Utility Program

File Compression Tools Antivirus Program Spyware Remover Disk Defragmenter Backup and Restore

File Compression Tools

Function :- Reduce the size of a file.

Examples :- WinZip PKZIP

Antivirus Programs

Function :- Protects a computer against viruses.

Example : Avira Antivirus Kaspersky Antivirus BitDefender

Spyware Remover

Function :- Detects and deletes spyware, adware and other

similar programs.

Example : Ad-Aware Spyware Doctor

Disk Defragmenter

Function :- Reorganizes files and unused space on a hard disk so

that Operating system access data menu quickly and program run faster.

Examples:- Contig Defraggler MyDefrag

Backup and Restore

Function :- Backup – allows users to copy selected files or an

entire hard disk to another storage medium. Restore – reverses the backup process and returns

backed up files to their original form.

Examples:- AMANDA BackupPC Bacula


At the end of this lesson, student should be able to :-

• Identify the usage of application software.


Is software designed to help the user to perform related specific tasks such as :- To create brochures To create personal profile To create a presentation To create a student database

Types of application software

Five types: Word Processing Spreadsheet Software Presentation Software Database Software

Word Processing

A software that allows user to create and manipulate documents containing mostly text and sometimes graphics.

Usage to create brochures, report, newletter, journal, letter.

Examples:- Microsoft Word Writer

Spreadsheet Software

A software that allows user to organize data in rows and columns and to perform calculations on the data.

Usage to create personal profiles, budget summaries, income statements or calculate students marks.

Examples :- Microsoft Excel Calc

Presentation Software

A software that allows user to create visual aids for presentations to communicate ideas, massages, and other information to a group.

Usage to create a presentation for teaching, marketing or tourist information.

Examples :- Microsoft Power Point Impress

Database Software

A software that allows user to create access and manage a database.

Database – Collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, retrieval and use of that data.

Usage to create student database, employees database or book database.

Examples : Microsoft Access Base

Summary of Software

System Software Operating System

Stand Alone Operating System

Network Operating System Embedded Operating

System

Utility Programs Compression Tools Antivirus Program Spyware Remover Disk Defragmenter Backup and Restore

Application Software Word Processing Spreadsheet Software Presentation Software Database Software

Lecture 2.6 software

Education

Lecture 2.6 software