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Page 1: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

Insect communication

Reem Alajmi Presented by:

Page 2: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

- IntroductionIntroduction- Types of insect communicationTypes of insect communication - Visual communication.- Visual communication. - Chemical communication.- Chemical communication. - Tactile communication.- Tactile communication. - Acoustic communication.- Acoustic communication.- References:- References:- The principles of Insect Physiology.The principles of Insect Physiology.- The insects structure and function.The insects structure and function.- Internet.Internet.

ContentsContents

Page 3: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

Introduction

•Communication: It is the exchange of information between individuals

• Most insect language is innate. And most of their language is inherited, so each individual born with a distinctive vocabulary that shared only with other members of its own species. Insects may send a communication signals by:

1- Doing something (e.g. make a noise, release a chemical or flash a light).

2- By physical makeup (e.g. wing pattern, body colour)

Page 4: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

Why insects Why insects communicate?communicate?

1- Recognition of kin or nest mates.

2- Locating or identifying a member of the opposite sex.

3- Facilitation of courtship and mating.

4- Giving directions for location of food.

5- Regulating spatial distribution of individuals, aggregation or dispersal; establishing and maintaining a territory.

6- Warning of danger; setting off an alarm.

7- Expressing threat or submission.

8- mimicry.

Page 5: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

Types of insect communication

Visual communication

Chemical communication

Acousticcommunication

Tactile communication

--Like other animals, insects use their five senses to Like other animals, insects use their five senses to acquire information about their environment acquire information about their environment (taste, touch, vision, hearing, olfaction (smell)). So (taste, touch, vision, hearing, olfaction (smell)). So insect communicate by:insect communicate by:

Page 6: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.
Page 7: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

The colour patterns and other markings The colour patterns and other markings of the wings (butterflies and moths) of the wings (butterflies and moths) facilitate species recognition (like facilitate species recognition (like football players).football players).

Some insects use bright Some insects use bright colours, eyespots or other colours, eyespots or other distinctive patterns to scare distinctive patterns to scare a way predators.a way predators.

Page 8: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

Some insect use dance-like Some insect use dance-like body movements to attract a body movements to attract a mate or to communicate with mate or to communicate with nest mate.nest mate.

Most visual communicate are Most visual communicate are effective during daylight, but effective during daylight, but some insect can generate their some insect can generate their own light and use visual signals own light and use visual signals that can be seen at night.that can be seen at night.

Page 9: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

Fire flies pulses of light are used in Fire flies pulses of light are used in courtship dialogue between a male courtship dialogue between a male (usually flying) and a female (usually (usually flying) and a female (usually perched in the vegetation). Each perched in the vegetation). Each species has a unique flash pattern species has a unique flash pattern and response time.and response time.

Page 10: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

Males of Males of PhotinusPhotinus pyralispyralis emit a signal J shape emit a signal J shape flash during a rising flight movement and the flash during a rising flight movement and the female responds with a single flash after a tow female responds with a single flash after a tow second intervals. However, the male of second intervals. However, the male of PhotinusPhotinus consumilisconsumilis emit a series of 3.5 short flashes and a emit a series of 3.5 short flashes and a female respond after a double flash.female respond after a double flash.

Page 11: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

Some insect can Some insect can communicate using communicate using wavelength in the wavelength in the ultraviolet light.ultraviolet light.

female cabbage female cabbage butterflies have an butterflies have an ultraviolet reflecting ultraviolet reflecting scales on the dorsal scales on the dorsal wing surface, when wing surface, when they fly, each down they fly, each down stroke of the wing stroke of the wing create a brief flash create a brief flash U.V. that male U.V. that male recognize them for recognize them for mating.mating.

Page 12: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

In alfalfa butterflies, males have In alfalfa butterflies, males have U.V. reflective scales and U.V. reflective scales and missing scales is a sign for male missing scales is a sign for male ageing.ageing.

Page 13: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.
Page 14: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

It is the most common way of insect It is the most common way of insect communication.communication.

These chemicals are divided into 2 groups.These chemicals are divided into 2 groups.

1- Phermons:1- Phermons: Chemical signals that carry Chemical signals that carry information from one individual to another information from one individual to another member of the same species. These includes sex member of the same species. These includes sex attractants, alarm substance and many other attractants, alarm substance and many other intraspecific messages.intraspecific messages.

2- Allelochemicals:2- Allelochemicals: chemical signals that travel chemical signals that travel between individual of different species. These between individual of different species. These includes defensive signals such as repellents, includes defensive signals such as repellents, compounds used to locate suitable host plant, compounds used to locate suitable host plant, and other signals to regulate interspecific and other signals to regulate interspecific behaviours.behaviours.

Page 15: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

--Phermones communications Phermones communications found in 1600 insects species.found in 1600 insects species.

Functions of Phermones:Functions of Phermones:1- Queen bee emit phermones that 1- Queen bee emit phermones that

affects the development of affects the development of workers bee.workers bee.

2- Ant use phermones to recruit 2- Ant use phermones to recruit nest mates to a food source.nest mates to a food source.

Page 16: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

3- When laying their eggs, some 3- When laying their eggs, some flies moths and beetles use certain flies moths and beetles use certain phermones to repel insects of the phermones to repel insects of the same and competing species, same and competing species, thereby protecting their progeny.thereby protecting their progeny.

Page 17: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

4- Aphids give alarm phermones that urge 4- Aphids give alarm phermones that urge neighbouring aphids to flee from nearby neighbouring aphids to flee from nearby predators.predators.

Page 18: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

5- Many insect females use 5- Many insect females use phermones to attract male for phermones to attract male for mating.mating.

6- Some male moths use 6- Some male moths use phermones to entice female to phermones to entice female to mate with them. mate with them. Scorpionflies male

attack female by mating pheromone

Page 19: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

• some common exocrine glands that some common exocrine glands that occur in ants occur in ants

• Currently, over 70 distinct exocrine Currently, over 70 distinct exocrine glands can be distinguished in the glands can be distinguished in the social insects (at least 45 in ants, 21 social insects (at least 45 in ants, 21 in bees, 14 in wasps and 11 in in bees, 14 in wasps and 11 in termites).termites).

Page 20: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

Chemicals can be known by tasting or Chemicals can be known by tasting or smellingsmelling

by insect. There are special receptors by insect. There are special receptors

(Chemical receptors(Chemical receptors ).).

Olfactory receptors are usually thin-walled pegs, cones, or plates with numerous pores through which airborne molecules diffuse.   Dendrites of sensory neurons branch profusely within these pores and may respond to very low concentrations of detectablecompounds (e.g. sex phermones).  

Some receptors respond to a wide range of substanceswhile others are highly specific. Olfactory receptors are most abundant on the antennae, but may also be associated with the mouthparts or external genitalia.

Page 21: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

*Taste receptors are commonly described as thick-walled hairs where the dendrites of several (usually up to five) sensory neurons are exposed to the environment through a single opening (pore) in the cuticle.  

*Each neuron appears to respond to a different range of compounds (e.g. sugar, salt, water, protein, acid, etc.).   Taste receptors are most abundant on the mouthparts, but may also be found on the antennae, tarsi, and genitalia (especially near the tip of the female's ovipositor).

Page 22: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

•For many insects, For many insects, love islove is truly blind. truly blind. Using sex phermones in a tube Using sex phermones in a tube made really try to mate with made really try to mate with that tube.that tube.

Page 23: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.
Page 24: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

Many insects depend on physical contact because they have poor vision and sound receptor.

Blister beetles (family Meloidae), courtship begins with a series of antennal taps by the male on each side of the female body, and she signal her receptivity by lifting her wing covers and allowing him to clump on her back.

Social insects, such as ants, often stroke and groom each other with their antennae and mouth parts. However, both touch signals and chemical signals may be involved in these behaviours.

Page 25: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.
Page 26: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

Bees communicate by dance language.

Bees use dance as a form of communication for distance and direction of food sources or nest sites.

1- Round dance (running in a circle, is performed for close sites)

Page 27: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

2- Transitional (or sickle) dance, For sites

at an intermediate distance from the hive.

This dance involves running in a semicircular (or moon) shape.

3- Waggle dance, the most complex of the dance types performed by honeybees.

Page 28: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

Bee Waggle DanceBee Waggle Dance

1- The pattern of the dance is conveying distance information. 2- The number of interactions of the dance that bee performs convey distance information as well. For example 100m = 9-10 interactions, 500m =

6 interactions, and 1500 m= 4 interactions..

The waggle dance is a language used by honey bee Apis mellifera. Which give the bees the ability to communicate the food sources locations.

The dance consists of different units or words of honey bee language, these units consists of :

Page 29: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

3. The liveliness of the dance conveys information about the quality of the food source. (The more excited the bee appears the better the quality of the food).

4. The angle of the dance conveys the direction of the food source

5. The bee will stop her dance and give out a food sample at other bee request.

6. Bee produce a sound to get attention of bees and to keep their attention.

7. The distance measurement by measuring the energy used in the fly.

Page 30: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.
Page 31: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.
Page 32: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

• Sounds are caused by vibrations that Sounds are caused by vibrations that can pass through air, water, and solid can pass through air, water, and solid structuresstructures • because sound waves move rapidly because sound waves move rapidly through air, acoustic signals can be through air, acoustic signals can be quickly started, stopped, or modified quickly started, stopped, or modified to send a time sensitive message.to send a time sensitive message.

Page 33: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

Although people can hear crickets, Although people can hear crickets, many insects make supersonic many insects make supersonic sounds that are above a person's sounds that are above a person's range of hearing. These supersonic range of hearing. These supersonic sounds have more than 20,000 sounds have more than 20,000 vibrations each second.vibrations each second.

some grasshopper and moths some grasshopper and moths produce ultrasonic sounds as produce ultrasonic sounds as 80000 hertz. Entomologist can 80000 hertz. Entomologist can study these sounds by using Audi-study these sounds by using Audi-transducer.transducer.

Page 34: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

Most insects detect sounds with a Most insects detect sounds with a tympanic membrane in their tympanic membrane in their abdomen (e.g. grasshoppers and abdomen (e.g. grasshoppers and moths) or in the tibia of the front moths) or in the tibia of the front legs (e.g. crickets)legs (e.g. crickets)

Grasshoppers rub their legs against Grasshoppers rub their legs against their wings to advertise their their wings to advertise their presence. Many true bugs, beetles presence. Many true bugs, beetles and ants make sounds by rubbing and ants make sounds by rubbing various other body parts togethervarious other body parts together

Page 35: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

• Vibrational communication is Vibrational communication is widespread in insect social widespread in insect social and ecological interactions. and ecological interactions. - - Insects used water surface or Insects used water surface or plant surface to produce plant surface to produce vibrational sounds. vibrational sounds. Plants are Plants are the most widely used the most widely used substrate for transmitting substrate for transmitting vibrational signals. Plant vibrational signals. Plant species can vary in their species can vary in their signal transmission signal transmission properties.properties.

Page 36: Insect communication Reem Alajmi Presented by :. - Introduction - Types of insect communication - Visual communication. - Visual communication. - Chemical.

Thank youThank you


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