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Page 1: Human Interaction, Social Protocols and Collaborative Applications

Human Interaction, Social Protocolsand Collaborative Applications

(http://agws.dit.upm.es/Isabel/other/)

Prof. Juan Quemada<[email protected]>

UPM - Universidad Politécnica de MadridWeticeWetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome

Page 2: Human Interaction, Social Protocols and Collaborative Applications

Prof. Juan Quemada Wetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome 2

Social Intelligence*Humans are fundamentally social beings

“We are wired to connect with others”

We have a natural disposition toEmpathy, cooperation, group work, altruism

How How doesdoes ourour social social brainbrain worksworks onon thetheInternet?Internet?

*”Social Intelligence: The New Science of Human Relationships, by Daniel Goleman

Page 3: Human Interaction, Social Protocols and Collaborative Applications

Prof. Juan Quemada Wetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome 3

The last 50 cms to the userCan we really connect with others over theInternet?

And feelfeel that there is somebody at the other side

What is missing inthe last 50 cms to the user?

Technology, protocols, applications, etc.Or a sense of social linkage & empathy?

Page 4: Human Interaction, Social Protocols and Collaborative Applications

Prof. Juan Quemada Wetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome 4

Social Protocols (other definitions)

Standards of polite behaviour (CSCW)Netiquette:

Conventions for correct use of Internet TechnologyNorms that enable to express social capabilities

Including trust relationshipsXFN (Friend of a Friend) based Web annotations

for incremental creation of social networks……

Page 5: Human Interaction, Social Protocols and Collaborative Applications

Prof. Juan Quemada Wetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome 5

Social protocols are part of our “Social Intelligence”Enabling us to create successful groups and societies

Social protocols areExplicit representations of

Interaction rules used in human groups and societies

Social protocols map easily into our mental models of group interaction

Triggering behavioural and cognitive human processes

Social Protocols (this view)

Page 6: Human Interaction, Social Protocols and Collaborative Applications

Prof. Juan Quemada Wetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome 6

The Collaborative Floor

Collaboration on the Internet traditionally empasizes (floor) control rights

We must rethink the floor (PC, PDA, Mobile, ..)as a place for human interaction

As humans interact using Social protocolslet’s do “Social Social ProtocolProtocol BasedBased DesignDesign”

Page 7: Human Interaction, Social Protocols and Collaborative Applications

Prof. Juan Quemada Wetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome 7

The Isabel ApplicationIsabel development started in 1993

For supporting distributed realisation of ABC93-6RACE Advanced Broadband Communication Summer Schools

Goal: Interaction across remote auditoriums similar to co-located

Isabel develops a novel context aware service idea, whereInteractions are context dependentFloor control manages context and interaction at diferent levels

Isabel services were developed usingSocial Social ProtocolProtocol BasedBased DesignDesign

Page 8: Human Interaction, Social Protocols and Collaborative Applications

Prof. Juan Quemada Wetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome

ABC´96

- 4 day event in June 1996 with ~20 remote sites- Terrestrial and satellite ATM 6Mbit/s connections- Sites with speakers: Aveiro, Berlin, Brussels, Madrid, Naples- Other Sites: Athens, Barcelona, Bern, Den Haag, Linz,

Oslo, Ottawa, Paris, Rejkiavik, Rome, Turin, ...

Stockolm

AveiroMadrid

Ottawa

Paris

Iceland

Berlin

U.Linz

Naples

Geneva

Athens

BaselBrussels

Groningen

Turin

Oslo

Page 9: Human Interaction, Social Protocols and Collaborative Applications

Prof. Juan Quemada Wetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome 9

Defining Isabel services (Step 1)

Identification of the different types of interactionsCalled Interaction Modes (IM)

Feedback from events was useful to identify and tune IMs

Examples different context during a congressa presentation, a question round or a panel discussion

A different Interaction Mode is assigned for each one

The target activities have beenCongresses (program driven events)More informal meetingsClassroomsBut there are other

Page 10: Human Interaction, Social Protocols and Collaborative Applications

Prof. Juan Quemada Wetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome 10

Defining Isabel services (Step 2)Define for each Interaction Mode

Context Context and Interaction ModelInteraction Model

Context definition:Unique visual configuration

Interaction Model definitionIdentification of existing roles

Chair, speaker, attendeeIdentification of interaction events

Hand raising, turn giving, time signalling, …

Page 11: Human Interaction, Social Protocols and Collaborative Applications

Prof. Juan Quemada Wetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome 11

Defining Isabel services (Step 3)

Implementation context and model in Isabel

The context is introduced with a control protocolConfigures all Isabel terminals with the same visual layout

The Model has two floor control levelsLevel 1: Interaction mode change

The panel for IM change is activated only in the control sitesLevel 2: Intra IM control

Only sites with associated participation role will have control buttons and open audio and video channels

Page 12: Human Interaction, Social Protocols and Collaborative Applications

Prof. Juan Quemada Wetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome 12

Evolution of Isabel ServicesTele-conference (ABC’93-96):

Congress realisationScript driven centralized floor

Only way to assure program delivery

Tele-meeting (Tecodis RACE Proj. 96-98): Enterprise project meetings

Easy to use distributed floor

Tele-class (Vodafone Master 98-00): Distributed classrooms with semi-centralized control

Control by lecturer or operator

ServicesServices havehave similar similar IMsIMs, , butbutfloorfloor control control modelsmodels differdiffer

Page 13: Human Interaction, Social Protocols and Collaborative Applications

Prof. Juan Quemada Wetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome 13

Interactionist School

“Interactionists characterize the world in terms of sequences of fleeting actions where each is seen as a response to what came before and as a stimulus to what comes afterwards”*

* H. Sacks, 1995, Lectures in Conversation, Cambridge Mass.* D. Gibson, 2005, Taking Turns and Talking Ties: Networks and Conversational

Interaction, AJS Volume 110 Number 6 (may 2005): 1561-97.

Page 14: Human Interaction, Social Protocols and Collaborative Applications

Prof. Juan Quemada Wetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome 14

Social Protocol Definition

“Action (event, signal, message, ..) driven humanhuman interaction and context awareness

rules to support effective group work or behaviour”

Page 15: Human Interaction, Social Protocols and Collaborative Applications

Prof. Juan Quemada Wetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome 15

The model

Social protocols can be modeled with:Context dependent event driven models Context dependent event driven models

Context dependent Context dependent EFSMsEFSMs (Extended Finite State Machines)(Extended Finite State Machines)

The context is signaled to the user by some side message Usually of visual nature, but not only

Participants must feelmust feel to be in the context

The interaction is driven by human generated events or actionsVoice messages, written messages, ..Visible actions, graphics, video, ..Technological interactions like mouse clicks, typed messages, ..Etc.

Page 16: Human Interaction, Social Protocols and Collaborative Applications

Prof. Juan Quemada Wetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome 16

Context issues and typesWhat is the mininum granularity level of

Context and interactionIs it the P-shift (participation shift) of interactionists?

Social protocols need a complex hierarchy or space of contexts

Cultural dimensionSynchronous or asynchronousSocial, group, interpersonal, ..Activity dimensionInteraction typeEtc.

Page 17: Human Interaction, Social Protocols and Collaborative Applications

Prof. Juan Quemada Wetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome 17

Interaction Actions

Many types of interactions actions existSpeech based interaction

Verbal messages of many kindsVisual interaction

Based on: sign language, gestures, images, viewgraphs, .. Written interaction

Based on: documents, editors, viewgraphs, ……….

Mapping of human interaction into tool state change is not easyCan include multimedia information and configurations

Page 18: Human Interaction, Social Protocols and Collaborative Applications

Prof. Juan Quemada Wetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome 18

Example: Question IM EFSM Model

SpeakerSpeakerAny.RequestTurnAny.RequestTurn ((SiteXSiteX) )

/ / SignalSignal ((YellowYellow, , SiteXSiteX))

Chair.GiveTurnChair.GiveTurn ((SiteXSiteX) ) / / Show_VideoShow_Video (Position2, (Position2, SiteXSiteX))

Chair.GiveTurnChair.GiveTurn ((SiteXSiteX) ) / / Show_VideoShow_Video (Position2, (Position2, SiteXSiteX))

Chair.ResetTurnChair.ResetTurn/ / Hide_VideoHide_Video (Position2)(Position2)

Any.RequestTurnAny.RequestTurn ((SiteXSiteX) ) / / SignalSignal ((YellowYellow, , SiteXSiteX))

EFSM language explanation:

Any.RequestTurn (SiteX) / Signal (Yellow, SiteX)

Means: Any site can request turn. Ifsite X requests it, his name will be marked yellow in requests panel. Chair.GiveTurn (SiteX) . / Show_Video (Position2, SiteX)Means: Only site with Chair role can select video of requesting site. If selected 2nd video will be shown.

SpeakerSpeaker&&

QuestionQuestion

1) 3 actions mapped as panel clicks: Any.RequestTurn, Chair.GiveTurn & Chair.ResetTurn2) Additional actions occur as audio visual msg exchange: dialogue among speaker and person asking question, but have not been made explicit transitions, for simplicity.

Page 19: Human Interaction, Social Protocols and Collaborative Applications

Prof. Juan Quemada Wetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome 19

Asynchronous Interaction

Asynchronous interaction uses frequentlyThe conversational protocol

Spoken conversations Writing lettersSending emails Blog posting

The basic interaction pattern of the conversational protocol is:Send message to person or group

Then wait for answers or new messages

It seems that the protocol is reused over new technologiesWritten language, clay, papyrus, paper or even spoken language

Were also new technologies at some point of time

Page 20: Human Interaction, Social Protocols and Collaborative Applications

Prof. Juan Quemada Wetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome 20

Folder based project repositoriesBased on rational order (not on a social protocol)

We interact with the filing system not with persons

Conversational protocol based project repositoriesParticipants just post contributions to the repository

As if they where posting to a blogParticipants engage in conversations with other persons

Regarding to the posts made by other membersGroup activity is easier to follow

It is based on human interactionsFor example, a post by Barbara is answered by Andrew

Collaborative Web tool design

Page 21: Human Interaction, Social Protocols and Collaborative Applications

Prof. Juan Quemada Wetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome 21

Wikis are based also on social interactionBasic operation:

file change by member of groupIt is an explicit human action we perceive as such

It is not just a change of the file

Interaction occurs with members of the group

Wikis have also complex community managementWikipedia community management

Has very complex structure and interrelations behind

Wikis

Page 22: Human Interaction, Social Protocols and Collaborative Applications

Prof. Juan Quemada Wetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome 22

ConclusionsSocial protocolsSocial protocols explicit person to person interactionperson to person interaction

Which map into our mental models of group interactionIn order to design human interaction aware applicationshuman interaction aware applications

Goal:Goal: Make users feel that there is somebody at the other side

Social protocol based tool design methodologyUser perceived tool state changes should be associated only with

human interactionshuman interactionsTechnology is only a means to interact with others

Tool events must make persons behind explicitIdentifying clearly the author(s) and relevant attributes

Context changes must be made explicit with a side messageAlways use human oriented presentation formats

Page 23: Human Interaction, Social Protocols and Collaborative Applications

Prof. Juan Quemada Wetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome 23

Further workTaxonomy of main collaborative social protocols

For technology mediated interactionsFor example

How many conversational protocols exist?Are similar protocols behind spoken conversations, letter writing, email, ..?

What are the various types of turn management protocols?Is workflow automation based on social protocols?

Is it a rationale procedure which needs a social reformulation?

Formal models of social protocols should be developedWith the same role as computer protocol models

They helped in understanding them and developing implementations

Page 24: Human Interaction, Social Protocols and Collaborative Applications

Thanks

Questions?


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