ECOLOGIC SOLUTIONS FOR URBAN TRANSIT SYSTEMS
Hala Mohtasseb
1
SUMMARY
1- URBAN TRANSIT SYSTEMS THE SOLUTION FOR TRAFFIC CONGESTION
2- CONCERNS RELATED TO URBAN TRANSIT SYSTEMS
ENERGY SAVING
HEAT EVACUATION
3-MAIN SYSTEMS ONBOARD THE TRAIN INVOLVED
4-AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
AIR-AIR EXCHANGER SOLUTION
5- BRAKING RESISTOR
‘SUPER CAPACITORS ‘ SOLUTION
2
URBAN TRANSIT SYSTEMS THE SOLUTION FOR TRAFFIC CONGESTION
TRAFFIC CONGESTION
MORE AND MORE TRAFFIC CONGESTION
INCREASE OF CO2 EMISSION
NEED TO FIND A TRANSPORTATION SOLUTION TO MINIMIZE CO2 EMISION
URBAN TRANSIT SYSTEMS ( METRO AND LRT VEHICLES) IS THE SOLUTION !
FULLY ELECTRICAL SOLUTION
3
CONCERNS RELATED TO TRANSIT URBAN SYSTEMS
CONCERNS RELATED TO URBAN TRANSIT SYSTEMS
THOUGH NUMBER OF METRO & LRT TRAINS WORLDWIDE IS CONTINOULSLY INCREASING , SOME CONCERNS REMAIN UNSOLVED :
1-ENERGY SAVINGS
DAILY CONCERN FOR EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
2-REDUCTION OF HEAT EVACUATED BY SYSTEMS ONBORAD THE TRAIN
CONCERN EXPRESSED BY COUNTRIES WITH HIGH TEMPERATURES
ESPECIFICALLY GULF COUNTRIES
SOLUTIONS TO COVER BOTH CONCERNS
4
CONCERNS RELATED TOTRANSIT URBAN SYSTEMS
MAIN EQUIPEMENTS ONBOARD URBAN TRANSIT SYSTEMS
METRO SYSTEM
.
5
TRACTION SYSTEMBRAKING SYSTEMAUXILIRAY INVERTES
BOGIE BRAKE SHOES MOTORS
AIR CONDITIONING
BRAKING RESISTOR
CONCERNS RELATED TO TRANSIT URBAN SYSTEMS
MAIN EQUIPEMENTS ONBOARD URBAN TRANSIT SYSTEMS
LRT SYSTEMS
.
6
AIR CONDITIONING
TRACTION SYSTEMBRAKING SYSTEM AUXILIARY INVERTER
BOGIEBRAKING SHOES MOTORS
BRAKING RESISTOR
CONCERNS RELATED TO TRANSIT URBAN SYSTEMS
ENERGY SAVING TOPIC
EQUIPEMENTS ONBOARD WITH HIGHEST ENERGY CONSUMPTION
1-TRACTION SYSTEM
TO ENSURE DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE REQUESTED
2-AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
HEAT EVACUATION TOPIC
TOTAL HEAT DISSIPACTION IS MOSTLY DUE TO BRAKING RESISTOR SYSTEM
FIND NEW ECOLOGIC SOLUTIONS FOR AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM AND BRAKING RESISTOR SYSTEM
7
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
CALCULATION OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM CAPACITY
TWO POSSIBILITIES
1- FOLLOWING RECOMMENDATIONS OF EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 14750 -1
“Air conditioning for urban and suburban rolling stock – comfort parameters“
COUNTRIES ARE CLASSIFIED BY ZONES ;
FOR FIXED EXTERIOR PARAMETERS REPRESENTING MOST SEVERE CONDITIONS
(Temperature , humidity , solar load )
MAXIMUM INTERIOR TEMPERATURE RECOMMENDED BY THE STANDARD EN 14750-1 SHALL NOT BE EXCEEDED
CALCULATION OF THE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM CAPACITY NEEDED ,
WITH RESPECT OF STANDARD EN 14750-1 RECOMMENDATIONS
8
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
Zone(summer) Maximum ext temper Relative humidity
I + 40 40 %
II + 35 50%
III + 28 45%
Maximum mean interior temperature at the design condition °C
Zone Categ A Categ B category A : fresh air flow rate between 10 and 15 m3/h/passenger
I + 30 + 32 category B : fresh air flow rate between 8 and 12 m3/h/passenger
II + 30 + 33
III + 26 + 29
Country Summer
Austria Zone II
Belgium Zone II
France Zone II
Greece Zone I
Germany Zone II
Italy Zone I
9
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
CALCULATION OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM CAPACITY
2-FOLLOWING CLIENT REQUIRMENTS IN TENDER DOCUMENTS
THIS APPLIES TO COUNTRIES NOT REFERRED IN STANDARD EN 14750-1
THIS APPLIES TO GULF COUNTRIES
DUBAI METRO / RTA REQUIREMENTS IN TENDER DOCUMENTS
Long Term Climate Information Book 2001 (dpt of Civil Aviation of Dubai):
From 1984 until 2001 the maximum temperature is 47.5°C 23%.
- Data from the Dubai airport (detailed data for year 2003).
Maximum temperature in 2003 was 46°C 10%
The system must work at 52°C 10%RH with an internal temperature of 27°C.
10
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
CALCULATION OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM CAPACITY
DUBAI EL SAFOUH TRAMWAY / RTA REQUIREMENTS IN TENDER DOCUMENTS
=> Difference of temperature of 22°C requested between the interior and exterior
High capacity needed for the Air conditioning system to comply with above requirements
HIGHER IS THE CAPACITY HIGHER WILL BE ENERGY CONSUMPTION
11
The outside conditions to be considered in the design are the following:
Dry bulb temperature: 47°C
For the other conditions, refer to Appendix B attached to the General Specifications (Annual
Climate and weather in Dubai).,
The A/C shall maintain a temperature of less than 25°C during at least 95% of the
operation time in Dubai, at 4 passengers/m2.
The tripping value for A/C above 53oC is guaranteed (maximum value 54 oC).
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
REDUCTION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION DUE TO AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
REDUCTION OF AIR CONDITIONING CAPACITY
REDUCTION OF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE EXTERIOR TEMPERATURE AND INTERIOR TEMPERATURE
REDUCTION OF AIR INLET TEMPERATURE
SOLUTION :
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM + AIR-AIR EXCHANGER SYSTEM
AIR-AIR EXCHANGER ROOF MOUNTED TO BE INSTALLED NEXT TO THE AIR CONDIONNING SYSTEM
12
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
AIR-AIR EXCHANGER SOLUTION
13
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
AIR-AIR EXCHANGER SOLUTION
ADVANTAGES OF AIR CONDITIONING + AIR-AIR EXCHANGER :
1-ENERGY SAVING ( LOWER CAPACITY NEEDED FOR AIR CONDITIONING)
3- MTBF DECREASED FOR AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
TEMPERATURE OF AIR INLET WILL REMAIN LOWER THAN 40°C
NO AIR CONDITIONING FAILURES DUE TO HIGH TEMPERATURES
2-TOTAL WEIGHT SAVING LEADING TO ADDITIONAL ENERGY SAVINGS
WEIGHT DECREASED FOR AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
WEIGHT DECREASED FOR AUXILIARY INVERTER
( system that provides necessary current to onboard equipment)
14
BRAKING RESISTOR
USE OF BRAKING RESISTOR
TRAIN BRAKING PROCESS BY PRIORITY ORDER :
1- REGENERATIVE BRAKING
MAINLY ELECTRICAL BRAKING (complemented by mechanical braking at low speeds)
Braking energy is regenerated to the line ( voltage 1500 Vd or 750 Vdc)
provides energy to the train behind .
Total energy saving
REGENERATIVE BRAKING PROCESS
15
1500Vdc
BRAKING RESISTOR
USE OF BRAKING RESISTOR
TRAIN BRAKING PROCESS BY PRIORITY ORDER
2-HEAT EVACUATION THROUGH BRAKING RESISTOR
WHEN THE LINE IS NOT RECEPTIVE
( case where there is no trains behind to receive energy )
ENERGY MUST BE EVACUATED
ENERGY TO BE SEND TO ONBOARD TRAIN BRAKING RESISTORS
BRAKING RESISTOR WILL EVACUATE ENERGY BY PRODUCING HEAT
16
BRAKING RESISTOR
DISADVANTAGES OF BRAKING RESISTOR
AT TRAIN LEVEL
IMPORTANT INCREASE OF AIR TEMPERATURES AT BRAKING RESISTOR LOCATION
ENERGY WASTE
HIGH WEIGHT OF BRAKING RESISTORS
WHEN THE TRAIN RUNS IN A TUNNEL
TUNNEL TO BE EQUIPPPED WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATORS
THERMODYNAMIC STUDY IS A MOST TO DETECT MOST CRITICAL AREAS AT TRAIN LEVEL AND IN TUNNEL
17
BRAKING RESISTOR
SUPER CAPACITORS SOLUTION
TO COVER ABOVE ISSUES SUPER CAPACITORS IS THE SOLUTION !
ENERGY STORAGE
ENERGY STORED COULD BE USED TO SUPPLY OTHER EQUIPMENTS ONBOARD THE TRAIN
LOW WEIGHT
VERY HIGH RATES OF CHARGE AND DISCHARGE
IMPROVED SAFETY BY LOW TOXICITY OF MATERIAL
18
THANK YOU !
Hala Mohtasseb
19
