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Page 1: Fundamental elements of computer

FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER

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Output Device

System Unit

Input Devices

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SYSTEM UNIT• THE CORE OF A COMPUTER IS

RESPONSIBLE FOR PROCESSING AND STORING DATA AND CONTROLS ALL COMPUTER FUNCTIONS.

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THE SYSTEM CASE

•IS A PLASTIC AND METAL BOX THAT HOUSES COMPONENTS SUCH AS MOTHERBOARD, DISK DRIVES AND POWER SUPPLY UNIT

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SYSTEM CASE TYPE• DESKTOP CASE-is designed to sit

horizontally on a surface so that it is wider than it is long.

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TOWER CASE

•IS DESIGNED TO SIT VERTICALLY ON A SURFACE SO THAT IT IS HIGHER THAN IT IS WIDE.

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PARTS OF THE CASE

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MOTHERBOARD

• IS THE MOST IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF YOUR COMPUTER, ONE POINT OR ANOTHER, EVERY OTHER COMPONENT CONNECTS TO THE MOTHERBOARD

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THE CPU

•The Central Processing

Unit- is the device that interprets and executes instructions. The CPU is the chip that functions as the “brain of a computer.

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MEMORY

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MAIN MEMORY• VERY CLOSELY CONNECTED TO THE

PROCESSOR.• THE CONTENTS ARE QUICKLY AND

EASILY CHANGED.• HOLDS THE PROGRAMS AND DATA

THAT PROCESSOR IS ACTIVELY WORKING WITH.

• INTERACTS WITH THE PROCESSOR MILLIONS OF TIMES PER SECOND.

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RAM (Random Access Memory

• Means the memory cells can be accessed in any order.

• Its just a normal memory which means the computer can store, retrieve, alter or delete any items. It can be read and write. (volatile)

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DIMM(Dual Inline Memory Module)

• A computer RAM or main memory is build from a small circuit board or memory chip called MEMORY MODULES.

• DIMM chips usually 64MB, 128MB or 256 MB, have to access pathways (read and write at the same time)

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ROM BIOSRead Only Memory

Basic Input Output System

• Provides the industry standard program code that operates the fundamental components of the PC.

• Ensures that the design of each manufacturer’s motherboard is PC-compatible.

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CMOS RAMComplimentary

Metal-Oxide Semiconductor

• Stores the configuration of the PC (password, disk types, amount of memory installed, current time and date.)

• Require very little power to operate and use battery power to maintain their settings.

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SECONDARY MEMORY

• IS WHERE PROGRAMS AND DATA ARE KEPT ON A LONG TERM BASIS.

• COMMON SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES ARE THE FLOPPY DISK, HARD DISK, AND COMPACT DISK, FLASH DISK.

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FLOPPY DISK (DISKETTE)

•IS A ROUND BUT COMES PERMANENTLY SEALED IN A SQUARE DUST JACKET.

•THE TYPICAL 3 ½ FLOPPY DISK CAN HOLDS 1.44 MB.

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HARD DISK

• MIGHT HAVE A CAPACITY OF 40 GB.

• IS NON REMOVABLE , ITS STUCK PERMANENTLY INSIDE THE SYSTEM UNIT

• ITS ALSO CALLED AS “FIX DISK”

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COMPACT DISK –CD

• A CD THAT HOLDS MUSIC IS CALLED “Music CD or “Audio CD)

• A CD THAT HOLDS computer data is called as “data CD”

• It is also called as CD ROM.

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CD-RW (CD-ReWritable)

• A blank CD which you can write onto blank and then edit what you wrote.

DVD (Digital Versatile Disk)

•Can hold more information, a two hour movie or 4.7GB of data

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OTHER PERIPHERAL

DEVICES

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VIDEO CARD

•A board that plugs into PC to give display capabilities

•It also called as video adapter, video board, video display board or graphics card.

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INTERNAL MODEM

•IN ORDER TO CONNECT TO THE INTERNET YOU NEED SOME FORM OF MODEM (Modulator/Demodulator)

•Modem convert (modulate) the digital code to analogue code, then convert them back (demodulate) at the other end.

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POWER SUPPLY

• SUPPLIES THE FUEL (POWER) FOR THE COMPUTER. CONVERT THE VOLTAGE NEEDED TO THE MOTHER BOARD AND DRIVES.

• IT ALSO CONTAINS A FAN HELPS IN COOLING THE COMPUTER

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IDE AND FLOPPY RIBBON CABLE

•IDE stands for Integrated Device Electronics.

•This device contains wires that are used to transfer data between the motherboard and the drive/s.

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End of the Lesson