EUROPEAN REVOLUTIONS

1820s – 30s

The Congress of Vienna and the Concert of Europe Conservatives try to maintain the

status quo

Key Diplomats

Prince Metternich

Lord Talley rand

Spain - 1820

Soldiers rebel against King Ferdinand VII

He agrees to follow the constitution The Great Powers (Austria, Prussia,

Russia, Britain, France) meet at the Congress of Troppau and issue the Protocol of Troppau which said stable governments could intervene in states experiencing revolutions

Greece – 1821“The Eastern Question” Fight for independence from the

Ottomans

Philhellenic Societies

Poets and intellectuals like Lord Byron supported the Greeks

Greek Independence

1827 – Britain, Russia, France sign the Treaty of London demanding Greek independence

1829 – Treaty of Adrianople: Russia gains control of what’s now Romania; Britain, Russia, and France can decide the fate of Greece

1830 – Treaty of London: declared Greece independent

1832 - Otto I made king of Greece

Russia – The Decembrist Revolt1825 Political unrest and

secret societies existed within the military

After the death of Czar Alexander I, his brother Nicholas I took the throne

Czar Alexander I

Some soldiers rebelled against the czar and supported his brother Constantine

NICHOLAS I

The Decembrists

He then adopted a policy of “Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationalism”

Nicholas I shut down the uprising and the conspirators were executed or exiled to Siberia

France – 1830 – The July Revolution King Charles X believed in rule by

divine right He gave $ to aristocrats who lost

land in the revolution He restored primogeniture In 1829 he appointed more

ultraroyalists to his government

In July 1830 he issued the Four Ordinances which restricted freedom of the press, dissolved the French legislature, restricted the franchise to the wealthy, and called for new elections

The July Revolution

Fighting broke out in July

Charles X abdicated on August 2

Middle-class liberals combine with working class to create a constitutional monarchy

Louis-Philippe was proclaimed the new king of France

The July Monarchy

• The new governmentwas more liberal

Censorship was abolished

More people could vote• But, socially it was still conservative

The rich still had more power

The workers still had problems

Belgium - 1830

In August Belgian nationalists began rebelling against the Dutch

The Dutch sent ships to try and defeat them

The Belgians manage to win their independence

The Great Powers approve Belgian independence was possible

because Britain and France supported it

Austria, Prussia, and Russia were too busy dealing with other issues to interfere

Leopold of Saxe-Coburg (a German Prince and British subject) becomes King Leopold I

Poland - 1830

Soldiers and students revolted in Warsaw

The Polish Diet voted to depose the Russian Czar as ruler of Poland

Czar Nicholas I sent troops and crushed the rebellion

Serbia - 1830

Rebels fight against the Ottomans In 1830 they’re granted

independence

Britain

No REVOLUTION REFORMS

Catholic Emancipation Act The Great Reform Act of 1832 Chartism Repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846

Sir Robert Peel