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Page 1: Embedded systems...6 Embedded Systems Project First Deadlines Groups formation: For the embedded systems project 3-4 students/group For the major project in electronics 4-5 students/group

Embedded systems

Exercise session 1a

Introduction and project presentation

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Who am I?

Michaël Fonder● PhD candidate and teaching assistant

My research in two words● Field : computer vision and deep learning● Topic : Automate drone flights by using a single monocular camera

Link with the embedded system course?● Solid experience in embedded programming (mainly for drone applications)

What I’ll do for you● Give exercise and lab sessions for the embedded system course● Supervise your embedded systems project or major project in electronics

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In practice

Contact● Mail : [email protected]● Office : 1.82a, Montefiore● Website for the exercise sessions and the project :

http://www.montefiore.ulg.ac.be/~mfonder/INFO0064/

Today● Project presentation● Overview of technologies available for your project● Basic reminders in electricity

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About Exercise SessionsThe exercise session will have two main objectives:

● Providing you with practical knowledges to achieve your project● Making exercises about notions seen during the theoretical course

Sessions about the projectDuring the sessions about the project, we will cover the following points:● Detailed review of all the important modules of the PIC16F1789;● Presentation of useful common electronic components;● Presentation of useful simple circuits blocks;● Introduction to the rules of electronic circuit design.

Lab sessionsSome exercise sessions are replaced by mandatory lab sessions. Lab sessions are there to give you a first hand-on experience on microcontroller-programming and circuit design.

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Embedded Systems ProjectAimDesign, realisation and programming of an embedded circuit. The precise subject (the type of circuit, its purpose,...) is left as a choice for each group but some requirements have to be fulfilled. Those requirements are :● The necessity to have real-time constraints and concurrent tasks;● The necessity to design and implement the electronic circuit needed to make your

project meet its goal in practice;● The necessity to use a real-time computing platform (e.g. a microcontroller) to

implement the logical part of the project.

Concretely● Group of 3 or 4 students● Several intermediate mandatory deadlines (see website for detailed schedule)● 3 preparation labs

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Embedded Systems ProjectFirst DeadlinesGroups formation:

● For the embedded systems project 3-4 students/group● For the major project in electronics 4-5 students/group● Ideally today at the end of the session● Or before next week after the exercise session by mail

Project ideas presentation● For the embedded systems project Fri Oct 18 during lunch time?● For the major project in electronics Mon Oct 7 2pm

Present a few slides which describe your project and how you plan to implement it. The aim of this presentation is to assess the feasibility of your idea based on our experience and to guide you toward something more adapted to the awaited level if necessary.

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Embedded Systems ProjectTypical Workflow

1) System specification and constraints⚫ What your circuit should achieve⚫ Your project definition

2) Define a global solution⚫ Find ways to achieve the specifications⚫ Choice of sensors, actuators and other important components

3) Conceive an electronic schematic which meets specifications⚫ Find all the components required for your circuit to work and interconnect them properly

4) Test and validate each critical component individually5) Complete circuit prototype realisation and tests (return to step 2 if needed)6) Design and realisation of a printed of a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) (not

mandatory)

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Practical Notes for the ProjectMaterial● We will lend you a toolbox containing the cables needed to use the devices of the

r100 lab and some basic components required to start the project immediately. All the content of this toolbox will have to be handled back at the end of the year for your project to be evaluated. Missing parts will have to be repaid!

● You will have a small budget to buy additional components to complete your circuit.

Advice● The project combines electronics, informatics and a small part of signal processing.

All of those parts are important for the good completion of your project. So take care of each of them.

● Practical advice will be given during the exercises sessions and in feedbacks. Ignoring them will certainly make you lose time and maybe points at the end of your project. So, for your own good, pay attention and listen to what is said!

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Microcontrollers : First insight“So, the project revolves around microcontrollers… But what are they?”Microcontrollers (MCU) are small on-chip computers with a series of input and output pins. They contain at least all the components required to run a basic embedded program. They often include additional modules which ease their interfacing with the outer world.

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Microcontroller example : PIC16F1789 Microchip PIC16F1789 Core Features● 8-bit words, 16-bit instructions● Only 49 instructions set● Up to 8 MIPS (Millions of Instruction Per Second)● Free programming tool● Program memory : 16ko● Data EEPROM : 256 Bytes● RAM : 2048 Bytes● Clock frequency up to 32MHz● 36 general purpose Input/Output pins

Note● The program memory holds the binary data to be executed by the microcontroller.● The EEPROM can be used to write and store data between different power cycles.● The RAM can be used to write and store data during a single power cycle.

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Microcontroller Peripheral Modules I

Additionally to the core computing unit and its digital IO pins, microcontrollers generally embed several independent peripheral modules which ease the interfacing of the MCU with the external world.

Example of Analog Peripherals● Analog to Digital Converters (ADC)

ADC are used to convert an analog voltage into binary data● Digital to Analog Converters (DAC)

DAC are used to generate an analog voltage from digital data● Comparator Modules

Comparators are used to interface analog circuits by comparing two analog voltages and providing a digital indication of their relative magnitude.

● Operational AmplifiersOperational amplifiers are used to process (e.g. amplify and or filter) analog signals.

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Microcontroller Peripheral Modules II

Additionally to the core computing unit and its digital IO pins, microcontrollers generally embed several independent peripheral modules which ease the interfacing of the MC with the external world.

Example of Digital Peripherals● Timers

Timers are used to precisely measure elapsed time.● Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Signal Generators

PWM signals are periodic binary signals which stay high during a given proportion of their period and are low everywhere else.

● Digital busses and communication lines interfaces (e.g. I2C, EUSART, ...)Digital busses and communication lines are used to transfer binary data between two digital devices according to some given protocols.

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General considerations

Microcontrollers are computers. In order to interact with the outer world, they need both inputs (e.g. sensors) and outputs (e.g. actuators).● Inputs capture information from the world (e.g. microphones, cameras, ...)● Outputs interact with the world (e.g. motors, pumps, LEDs, ...)

Analog vs digitalMicrocontrollers are digital devices which means they work with binary data (0s and 1s).The interface between the microcontroller and the sensors or the actuators is either analog or digital:● Analog devices transmit or receive their information thanks to a continuous current

or voltage modulation => need to translate this information from or to binary data● The microcontroller communicates with other digital devices via busses or

communication lines

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Sensor ideas

Distance● Ultrasound● Infra-red

Input● Push button● Keyboard● Joystick

Positioning● Accelerometers● Gyroscopes● GPS

Other● Microphones● Pressure● Serial bus

Note Each sensor measures a particular information with one particular design=> 2 sensors measuring the same information will have a different behaviour depending on the design and the techniques they use

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Output ideas

Actuators● DC motor● Servo motor● Valve

Visual information● LED or laser● LCD screen● VGA signal

Note Microcontrollers are designed to process and transmit signals, not power=> NEVER draw the power required for an output directly on a pin the MCU if their power requirements excess the power limit of the pin

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Example : Turret of Doom

AimDetect movement within a given range and point at the moving points with a laser

Real-time constraints● Periodic mapping of the room by using a distance sensor mounted on a servo-motor● Coordination between head and laser

Embedded components● 1 IR distance sensor● 2 Servo-motors● 1 laser● 2 LEDs● 1 reset buttonOther examples : LED cube Ball Balancing

Now you have all the bricks required for finding your own project subject.

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Conclusion for Today’s First Part

Project● Be creative!● Keep it simple!● Begin now!● Send me an e-mail with your group

NoteComments and critics on the exercise sessions are welcome

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Conclusion for Today’s First Part

Project● Be creative!● Keep it simple!● Begin now!● Send me an e-mail with your group

NoteComments and critics on the exercise sessions are welcome

!


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