dewjournal · SapuraKencana Petroleum Berhad. SKE is the exploration operator with a (40%) working interest with partners PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd. (30%) and Sarawak Shell Bhd.

June 2016 DEW JOURNAL 1

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2 DEW JOURNAL June 2016

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Chairman Editorial Board andChief EditorArun Kumar Singhal

DirectorShrey Singhal

Editorial AdvisorsSatish Kumar Mathurformer General Manager (E&S), ONGC

Prof (Dr.) Nikolay P. ZapivalovChairman of Novosibirsk Centre ofRussian Academy of Natural Sciencesand Professor of NovosibirskUniversity, Russia

Dr. Himmat SinghHead of Department - PetroleumEngineering, Chandigarh Universityformer Distinguished Professor,Hydrocarbon Engineering, UPES,former Advisor (R&D), Bharat PetroleumCorp. Limited, former Sr. Dy. Director(Scientist “G”), Indian Institute of Petroleum

S K DasFormer Executive Director, ONGC

PublisherArun Kumar SinghalAdvertising ManagerMs. SarojCirculation ManagerPramil KhanduriDesign & GraphicsAbhinav AryaFinance ManagerPramod KumarRegional Coordinator - New DelhiMukesh GuptaRegional Coordinator - MumbaiJ. ChakarbortyRegional Coordinator -South East Asia & ChinaTony Chen W. K.

Annual Subscription Rs. 3000US $ 150 £ 90 (inclusive of Postage).Cover Price US$30 £25 Rs.300For details of how to subscribe toDrilling & Exploration World journal andrates for individuals countries email :[email protected] all payments in favour ofTECHNOLOGY PUBLICATIONS Fordetails of wireline transfer ofpayment, contact the Publisher.

Prepress processing & Printing at Saraswati PressDrilling & Exploration World (DEW) publishedsince 1989 by Technology Publications fromDehradun is an internationally circulatedEnergy and Oil & Gas journal. The journalholds the dist inct ion of being the onlyMONTHLY Energy and Oil & Gas journalpublished from India.

All r ights reserved in respect of al lar t ic les, i l lustrat ions, photography etc.published in Drilling & Exploration World(DEW). Reproductions or imitations areexpressly forbidden without the permissionof the publisher. The opinions expressedby contributors (editorial and advertising)are not necessarily those of the publisher/editor, who can not accept responsibilityfor any errors or omissions.

While every effort is made to ensure thatthe contents published in the journal arecorrect and up-to-date, the Publisher, Editorsand Advisors do not accept any responsibilityfor any error, omissions and factual lyincorrect statements published. This impliesfor both editorial and advertising contents.

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CONTENTSISSN-0971-7242 R.N.I. No. 51048/89 © 2015 Technology Publications

Cover Focus

June 2016 - Volume 25 No.08

45

Technology/ Technical Papers

Special Report

Face to Face

Wind-powered oil recovery

A cost-competitive alternative toconventional water injection solutions

35 CGG integrates Geoscience Disciplines: Multi-disciplinaryapproach yields complete answers

36 Pioneering technology43 Valve integrity management solution50 Characterize fractures and stress with anisotropic inversion53 Enhanced Oil Recovery71 New Encapsulating Technology75 Economical Energy79 Change order management in project success

24 Monetizing Hydrocarbon resourcesIn a bid to boost domestic oil andgas production, Government ofIndia has announced the‘Discovered Small Fields Bid Round-2016’. India is offering 67 fields forbidding. The estimated recoverablereserves are of the order of 30 MMT.

38 Outlook for the global oil marketOPEC sees oil demand increasing by around 17 millionbarrels a day between now and 2040, reaching closeto 110 million barrels a day by then says Abdalla S. El-Badri, Secretary General, OPEC

64 ‘Innovative initiatives drive Organizationsin the path of Sustainable Growth’

83

With the objective of sustainable growth, GAIL India Limited launchedmany initiatives and implemented innovative techniques in the recentpast. Dr. Ashutosh Karnatak, Director (Projects) shared few insightson some of the initiatives by the company while talking to Arun Kr.Singhal, Chief Editor, DEW.

Anna Keen, new Regional Manager-Asia Pacific,Global Maritime Consultancy & Engineering talksto DEW Journal

‘We put QHSE atthe forefront of allbusiness operations’


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dewjournal.com Petro-Events CalenderFrom the Editor

Oil and gas contributes about 35 percent of primary energy consumption andranks amongst India's six core industries. To supplement oil and gas production,the Indian government has taken various policy and administrative initiatives in therecent past to facilitate hydrocarbon exploration in the country. Some of the policydecisions taken by the Government to enhance exploration and production activitiesin the country that needs applaud are:• Government has approved Hydrocarbon and Exploration Licensing Policy (HELP)

and same has been notified on 30th March 2016. This policy provides for auniform licensing system to explore and produce all hydrocarbons such as oil,gas, coal bed methane, shale oil/gas, etc. under a single licensing frameworkPolicy also provides many incentives such as reduced royalty rates for offshoreblocks, marketing & pricing freedom and easy to administer revenue sharingmodel.

• Marketing and Pricing freedom for new gas production from Deepwater, UltraDeepwater and High Pressure-High Temperature areas subject to certainconditions.

• Policy for grant of extension to the Production Sharing Contracts of 28 Smalland medium sized discovered blocks.

• Policy Framework for relaxation, extensions and clarifications at thedevelopment and production stage under PSC regime for early monetization ofhydrocarbon discoveries: Government approved this policy on 10.11.2014, andthe same is being implemented. Under this policy, about 40 pending cases havebeen resolved.

• New Domestic Natural Gas price Guidelines, 2014: Under these guidelines, gasprice has been linked to the market/ important hub prices.

Besides the above the Discovered Small Fields Policy where 67 oil & gasfields which have been held by the national oil companies for many years, buthave not been exploited, have been thrown open for bidding. These fields will beoffered with no upfront signature bonus. Worth noting are the under-mentionedprominent and industry friendly features of the bidding round.• Single license to extract and exploit conventional and unconventional

hydrocarbon fields• New fiscal regime based on revenue sharing model• Operational autonomy and flexibility for unit development in case of reservoirs

extending beyond contract area or for joint development of commoninfrastructure

• Exemption of Oil Cess and Custom duty• Full freedom for marketing and pricing for production from the awarded contract

areas• Royalty in line with earlier New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP)• Technical capability is not a pre-qualification criteria for bidding• Exploration allowed during entire contract period (20 years), which is mutually

extendable for up to 10 years• No restriction on exploration activity during the contract period• Information Docket to be made available at e-bidding gateway• Physical Data Centers with Interpretation Facility would be set up in India and

various others international locations where prospective bidders can accessdata

• User-friendly e-bidding Portal and interactive video for easy navigation to bemade available to bidders.

All these initiatives are sure to boost domestic oil and gas production andstep in the right direction.

The 46 contract areas consisting of 67 different small fields being offered toinvestors the world over, for exploration and production have an estimatedreserves of approx. 625 Million Barrels of Oil and Oil Equivalent Gas (O+OEG) in-place volumes spread over 1500 square kilometers in Onland, Shallow water andDeepwater areas. With simpler and transparent administrative and fiscal systembeen created by India the call given by India’s Petroleum Minister to all industrystakeholders to participate in the bid rounds and be a part of new energy revolutionin India is undoubtedly true. Come explore the potential of discovered small E&Pfields under ‘Discovered Small Fields Bid Round-2016’. India beckons you!

August 15-18, JOHANNESBURG, S.AfricaStrategic Workforce Planninginfocusinternational.com/workforce

August 22-25, 2016, KL, MalaysiaIFRS for Oil & Gas Accountingwww.infocusinternational.com/ifrs

September 22-24, 2016, YANGON, MyanmarManufacturing 2016 - 3rd InternationalManufacturing Machinery, Equipment,Materials and Services Exhibitionwww.manufacturingmayanmar.com

September 28-30, 2016, KL, MalaysiaThe 3rd MOGSEC 2016www.mogsec.com.my

Oct 10-13 2016, JOHANNESBURG, S.AfricaSuccession Planning, Performance Mgt.,and ROI on Training & Developmentinfocusinternational.com/successionplan

October 18-21, 2016, S I N G A P O R EAdvanced Oil & Gas Accountinginfocusinternational.com/oil-gas-accounting

October 26-28, 2016, SINGAPOREThe 4th Gas Asia Summitwww.gasasiasummit.com/dewjournal1

November 15-17, 2016, SHANGHAI, ChinaThe 11th SIPPE 2016www.sippe.org.cn

November 16-17, 2016, KL, MalaysiaThe 4th Offshore Engineering Malaysiawww.fleminggulf.com

November 29-December 2, 2016, SINGAPOREThe 21st OSEA 2016www.osea-asia.com

December 5-7, 2016, NEW DELHI, IndiaThe 12th PETROTECH 2016www.petrotech.in

April 4-7, 2017, TOKYO, JapanGastech Conference and Exhibitionwww.gastechevent.com/dewjournal1

July 9-13, 2017, ISTANBUL, TurkeyThe 22nd World Petroleum Congress 2017www.22wpc.com

AKS

“The proposed symposium on “TechnologyExcellence for Oil & Gas, Petrochemicaland Bulk Chemical Industries in India”organised by German Engineer ingFederation (VDMA) scheduled to be heldon 30th June at Hotel Leela,Mumbai hasbeen postponed due to unforeseen reason.”

VDMA India Services Private LimitedGerman Engineering Federation (VDMA)


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SapuraKencana Energy (“SKE”)has announced another significantgas discovery from its three wells2015 drilling campaign within theBlock SK408 Production SharingContract (PSC) area, offshoreMalaysia.

All three wells targeted non-associated gas within the primarytarget Late Miocene Carbonatereservoirs. The first well, Jerun-1is a significant discovery locatedapproximately 5km north of the2014 Bakong gas discovery. Basedon analysis of electric log, pressureand sample data Jerun-1 has aninterpreted gross gas column ofapproximately 800m in the primarytarget reservoir and is a multi-TCFgas discovery. Jeremin-1, locatedapproximately 15km west of the F9gas f ie ld encountered a 104mgross gas column. Putat-1, located

SapuraKencana Energy announces anothersignificant gas discovery offshore malaysia

approximately 20km north of the CiliPadi gas field is confirmed as a dryhole. All wells have been safelyplugged and abandoned.

These two wells, Jerun-1 andJeremin-1 together with the earlierfive discoveries within the SK408block are close to exist inginfrastructure supplying gas to oneof the world’s largest LNG facilitiesat Bintulu, Sarawak.

“The 2015 drilling campaign forSK408 has been executed withinbudget and completed safely by theSKE team with exceptional results,”said Tan Sri Dato’ Seri ShahrilShamsuddin, President & GroupChief Execut ive Off icer ofSapuraKencana PetroleumBerhad.

SKE is the exploration operatorwith a (40%) working interest withpartners PETRONAS Carigali Sdn.

Bhd. (30%) and Sarawak Shell Bhd.(30%) holding the remaininginterest.

SapuraKencana PetroleumBerhad (“SapuraKencana” or“Group”) is a leading globalintegrated oil and gas services andsolut ions provider operat ingacross the entire upstream valuechain. As a full-fledged upstreamplayer, the Group’s spectrum ofcapabi l i t ies cover explorat ion,development, product ion,rejuvenat ion, as wel l asdecommissioning andabandonment.

With a highly-ski l led andtechnical ly-capable workforce,strategic world-class assets, andstrong project managementcapabilities, the Group today has aglobal presence in over 20countries.

News

IIPE Visakhapatnam in the makingThe Minister of State (I/C) for Petroleum & NaturalGas, Mr. Dharmendra Pradhan has launched thewebsite of the newly setup Indian Institute ofPetroleum & Energy (IIPE), Visakhapatnam. Theinst i tute is setup as per the Andhra PradeshReorganisation Act, 2014. The Government of Indiais committed to establish institutions of nationalimportance in Andhra Pradesh, one of them being aPetroleum University. Inpursuance of this, IndianInstitute of Petroleum andEnergy is being set uphere. The institute wil lpr imari ly focus onteaching and research inpetroleum and energy. IITKharagpur is the mentorinst i tute for theestablishment of IIPE.

The Government of Andhra Pradesh has allotted150 acres of land free of cost in Visakhapatnam districtfor setting up the permanent campus of IIPE and hasfacilitated the provision of a temporary campus in theEngineering College, Andhra University,Visakhapatnam.

IIPE will commence its academic programmesfrom the Academic Year 2016-17 at its temporary

campus by offer ingu n d e r g r a d u a t eprogrammes inPetroleum Engineeringand ChemicalEngineering. Admissionto these programmeswil l be on thebasis of scores inJEE (Advanced) 2016-2017.

The Minister of State for Petroleum and Natural Gas (I/C), Mr. DharmendraPradhan addressing at the launch of the website of Indian Institute ofPetroleum & Energy, Visakhapatnam, in New Delhi on May 27, 2016.


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Hydrocarbures of Gabon (DGH) toacquire and process over25,000km2 of new 3D BroadSeis™mult i -c l ient seismic data overavailable and licensed blocks inthe South Basin to enableevaluation of this prospective area.A fast-track pre-stack time-migrateddataset for this survey is availablenow, along with sample pre-stackdepth reverse time-migrated (RTM)data in one area. The final RTM forthe whole of the survey area will beavailable this summer.

State-of-the-art seismic for pre-salthydrocarbon exploration offshore Gabon

Map showing available license blocks and coverage of new broadband 25,000-km2 multi-clientsurvey and additional data being acquired in blocks F14 and F15.

Despite depressed oil prices, theGabonese 11th deepwaterl icensing round has generatedconsiderable interest from bothInternat ional Oi l Companies(IOC’s) and newcomers al ike,encouraged by the success ofexploration in the conjugate marginoffshore Brazil, as well as recentpre-sal t discoveries such asRuche, Tortue, Diaman andLeopard in nearby Gabonesewaters. CGG has worked directlywith the Direction Generale des

The objective of the survey istoimage potent ial prospect ivestructures at base salt level withoutcompromising the shallower post-salt image quality. The data do notdisappoint. Even a prel iminaryultra-fast-track dataset producedonboard was described as “waybeyond expectations” by a major oilcompany interpreter. On the fullfast-track dataset, more detai lbelow the salt is being revealedthan has ever been seen before,revolutionizing the understandingof the geology of the area.Earlyseismic imaging results indicatethe presence of thick syn-rift andsag sequences below the salt,which are the key intervals of a pre-salt petroleum system and indicatemany exciting prospects, some ofwhich continue beyond the bordersof the survey so that their full extentcannot be gauged.

This survey is being processedusing the latest high-end imagingtechnology to produce the clearestimages. The fast- track PSTMvolume shows clear uplift over theexisting data, while the fast-trackPSDM shows the full benefits ofadvanced velocity modeling anddepth-migrated modern broadband3D seismic data. The upl i f t insubsalt imaging that wi l l beachieved in the final dataset isdramatic; the RTM fully depth-migrated example l ine showsclearly defined tilted fault blocksand horst features as well as thehighly complex nature of thethrusted and distorted salt andsediment overburden.

Mult i - layer tomography(TomoML) and ful l waveform

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inversion (FWI) are being used tocreate the final velocity model, withRTM being used in the velocitymodel building iterations. The high-qual i ty, low-frequency dataacquired using the BroadSeissolution is particularly beneficial forFWI as the low frequencies preventcycle-skipping. The imagingimprovement from the FWI velocitymodel can be seen both in theshallower section, where pull-up/push-down image distortions areprecisely corrected, and in thedeeper salt bodies, where saltflanks and subsalt reflectors showimproved focus and continuity dueto better overburden description.

Although this dataset deliversunprecedented images of thesubsurface in this area, additionaldata are being acquired to improvethe imaging still further in the mostcomplex geology to the southeastof the survey. Tailored multi-vesselsurvey design is enabling longer

offsets, up to 14kmin the sameorientation as the original data, tobe acquired over block F14. In blockF15, adjacent to the Congo border,a second orthogonal azimuth of thefull range of offsets, including thoseup to 14km, is being acquired.Longer offsets and dual azimuthsare expected to improve the sub-salt illumination and provide evengreater c lar i ty of the mostchallenging structures. In order toacquire these long offsets anadditional source vessel is beingdeployed. Synchronized sourcetechnology and blended acquisitionare being used to enable the shotinterval to be less than the recordlength, so that source density, andtherefore fold of coverage, can bemaintained.

All the survey data from thecenter piece of an integratedgeoscience project which wi l linclude interpretation of the gravitydata acquired with the seismic to

analyze the deep structure of thebasin, analysis of the key wells inthe area, full seismic interpretationin the depth domain with integrationof satellite seep data to identifypotent ial natural hydrocarbonescape conduits and production ofpaleogeographic, reservoirdistr ibut ion and source rockmaturity maps of key stratigraphicintervals, among otherproducts.Integrated studies arebecoming increasingly popular asthey provide a single validatedsource for information and eachindividual part is improved byunderstanding the requirements ofthe larger project. Large multi-clientsurveys also provide a cost-effective means of acquiring high-qual i ty 3D seismic data whichallows oil companies to reducetheir exploration risk in both matureand frontierareas and helps toreduce the t ime required fromlicensing award to drilling wells.

Get the most out of broadbandseismic by taming attenuation

Q tomography and Q-compensating migration prove tobe essential components of the

broadband imaging toolbox.

All seismic signals naturally undergoattenuation during transmission throughthe Earth. The effect is generally strongerthe longer the distance travelled. By thesame virtue, higher frequencies areaffected more than lower frequencies, asa greater number of wave cycles occuralong the same travel path. This leads tolow-frequency components dominatingthe amplitude spectrum at long offsetsand for deep events. The overall effect isa broadening of the wavelet anddeterioration of resolution in the deepsection. The strength of the attenuation,denoted by the quality factor Q, alsodepends on the type of geologyencountered.

PSDM stack comparison from the North West Shelf, Australia without (left) and with(right) Q-PSDM using a 3D volumetric Q model from Q tomography. The Q-imagingapproach has restored the broadband resolution of the image in the deeper part of thesection. Reproduced from Zhou et al, 2015.(Image courtesy of Shell).

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Certain geological features, particularly shallowgas and gas hydrates, can have a remarkably drasticeffect. Extreme cases can cause seismical lyobscured areas where attenuation effects degradethe quality of the seismic image to such an extentthat events below those features are no longerinterpretable. This can result in vital reservoirstructures remaining unimaged.

The computat ion and appl icat ion ofcompensation for such attenuation effects as part ofseismic data processing is wel l establ ished.Historically, simple 1D Q compensation filters wereapplied, while more recently the use of Q tomographyand Q-compensating migration have extended thetechnique to include 3D variations which also takeoffset and ray path into account. With a tomographicapproach it is possible to compensate for both theregional background trend and any strong localizedattenuation anomalies.

With the introduction of broadband marine towed-streamer techniques which enable deg hosting of the

data, previous practical limitations due to the relatedspectral notches have been removed and the usablemarine seismic bandwidth has been expandedsignif icantly (up to 2.5 – 200 Hz). This makesfrequency-dependent attenuation effects moreapparent. Thus, Q tomography and Q-compensatingmigrat ion now forms an essent ial part of thebroadband toolbox to restore the resolution of the datawere impacted by attenuation.

CGG has developed a Q imaging toolbox overthe last seven years which includes volumetric Qtomography based on a frequency peak shi f tapproach and var ious Q-compensat ing depthmigration algorithms (Q-PSDM), including Kirchhoffand TTI reverse time migration. We have published arange of examples from around the world whichhighlight some of the main applications of thesetechniques: imaging through gas pockets anddelineating shallow geohazards in South East Asia;enhancing resolution on the North West Shelf ofAustralia and in the North Sea.

News

Schlumberger has announced the acquisition ofSaltel Industries, a France-based engineering,manufacturing and service company that offersexpandable patches and steel packers technologyfor the oil and gas industry.

“Saltel Industries has an impressive track recordin providing expandable steel patch technology tothe remedial services market and has developed aninnovat ive port fol io of openhole steel packertechnology,” said Olivier Le Peuch, president,Schlumberger Complet ions. “This acquisi t ionstrengthens our technology portfolio in the growingcompletions remedial services market and theunique expandable steel packer technology has thepotential to disrupt the openhole isolation market.”

Over the last few years, Saltel Industries hasdeveloped expertise and established a commercialt rack record in both inf latable packers andexpandable tubulars for steel patches or packertechnology applications. The company’s efficientdeployment of expandable steel patches isrecognized for its effective water shut-off applicationsto restore production in wells. Also, in cementingoperations the application of expandable open steelpacker technology for external casing packers has

Schlumberger acquires Saltel Industriesresul ted in loweringoperational risk and costcompared to tradi t ionalinflatable packers.

“I am very excited withthis transaction, which is animportant milestone for Saltel Industries as it willleverage Schlumberger’s footprint to maximize marketaccess for our products and, in particular, expandablesteel patch technology,” said Jean-Louis Saltel,managing director, Saltel Industries. “By combiningSaltel Industries’ innovation in steel expandabletechnology with Schlumberger’s strong technologyintegration capability, we will offer unique well integrityand zonal isolation applications to our customers.”

Saltel Industries is headquartered in Bruz nearRennes, France, and has offices in five locationsglobally with 70 employees who will continue tooperate under the leadership of Jean-Louis Salteland his management team.

Schlumberger is the world's leading provider oftechnology for reservoir characterization, drilling,production, and processing to the oil and gas industry.It supplies the industry's most comprehensive rangeof products and services (* Mark of Schlumberger)

Unique expandablesteel technology

solutions strengthenCompletions

technology portfolio


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The Chief Editor DEWJournal Arun KumarSinghal is invited asthe lone candidatefrom India by theCommonwealth of theState of Pennsylvania,Pennsylvania Stategovernment, UnitedStates from amongseven internat ionaltechnical edi torsselected by USgovernment to visit theUS.

This recognit ionis among the manyothers and a result ofMr. Singhal’s in-depthwri t ing about thet e c h n o l o g i c a ldevelopments over thepast thirty years relatedto the fields of oil & gas, engineering and energyissues.

The tour is hosted by Pennsylvania's CORE PAinitiative established to increase the visibility of a 53county footprint of Pennsylvania to international anddomestic investors and reshoring prospects. The tourwi l l g ive part ic ipat ing internat ional edi tors anopportunity to visit some of Pennsylvania's innovativecompanies and industrial suppliers involved in themining, oil and gas, engineering and machinerymanufacturing industries.

The world’s first commercial oil well was drilledin 1859 in Titusville, Pa., room-and-pillar mines havebeen active in Pennsylvania’s bituminous coalfieldssince the late-1700s, and natural gas production inPennsylvania dates back to 1881. The real story ofinnovation in mining, oil and gas in Pennsylvania ishappening today.

Now the second-largest producer of natural gasin the U.S., Pennsylvania shale gas is driving downenergy costs and opening new opportunities formanufacturers. And businesses ranging from small

Chief Editor, DEW among seven internationaleditors invited by the US government to visit US

family operations up tohuge mult inat ionalcorporat ions aretaking advantage ofP e n n s y l v a n i a ’ sabundant naturalresources to advancetheir businesses intoday’s globaleconomy.

During the tourbesides gett ing anopportunity to learn ofthe technologicaladvances by the USthe tour wi l l throwopen opportunities tothe visiting editors tomeet and interact withthe who’s who of theUS oil industry andgovernment.

Mr. Singhal anauthor who has edited books, technical papers andpopular articles has extensively written on bothtechnical and social issues in DEW Journal andseveral regional and national newspapers over theyears. Besides writing, he is also involved in socialservice. A known face in the oil and gas industry andsocial circle his contribution to the field of writing andsocial work has also been appreciated by theHonourable Governor, Uttarakhand in the year 2004and 2014.

His writing has also received many accoladesnationally and internationally prominently from theformer President of India Late H.E. Dr. A.P.J.AbdulKalam and His Excellency Abdullah bin Hamad AlAtt iyah, Chief Administrat ive Control andTransparency Authority, Qatar and former DeputyPrime Minister, former Chief of Emiri Diwan of Qatarand former Qatar’s Petroleum Minister.

Mr. Singhal also hopes to act as an ambassadorof India to showcase potentials of the country as anemerging economy of the world at right forums duringthe US visit.

The Chief Editor DEW Journal Arun Kumar Singhalis invited as the lone candidate from India by the

Commonwealth of the State of Pennsylvania,Pennsylvania State government, United States from

among seven international technical editorsselected by US government to visit the US. Thetour will give participating international editorsan opportunity to visit some of Pennsylvania'sinnovative companies and industrial suppliersinvolved in the mining, oil and gas, engineering

and machinery manufacturing industries

Arun Kumar Singhal, Chief Editor, DEW Journal


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The Petroleum Institute Universityand Research Center (PI)announced today signing atechnical research servicesagreement with Solvay Group.

Under the agreement, PI willestablish an automated chemicalenhanced oi l recovery (EOR)formulat ion laboratory in AbuDhabi. The laboratory wi l lrepl icate propr ietary robot ictechnologies and workflows thathave been developed by Solvay inits Laboratory of the Future (LOF).

The Petroleum Institute and Solvay Group join forces toThese technologies and workflowshave beensuccessful lyimplemented in some of theworld’s most challenging oil fields.

PI will utilize Solvay’s extensivemarket know-how and expertise tocustomize and optimize chemicalsystems for the unique Abu Dhabioi l f ie lds. Solvay’s high-endtechnology equipment wi l l beinstalled in PI’s brand new R&Dfacility, where PI staff will be trainedon Solvay’s LOF.PI and Solvayintend to establish a long-term

collaborative partnership with theaim of bringing the latest EORtechnologies to the f ie lds ofAbuDhabi through joint researchand field applications.

Dr. Thomas J. Hochstettler,President of the PetroleumInst i tute, said “Adding theautomated chemical EORFormulat ion Laboratory to thePetroleum Inst i tute ResearchCenter reinforces our previousefforts in EOR research particularlyin the domains of chemical EOR,hybrid EOR and conformanceprocesses. These technologiesand processes will contribute torealizing ADNOC’s challenging oilrecovery target (70% recovery).Implementing this cutt ing-edgeunique screening platform in ourPetroleum Inst i tute ResearchCenter will facilitate the selectionof chemical products adapted tonumerous research applicationsand will contribute to developing an

Hili Company, the logistics division of Hili Ventures,has entered into a joint venture agreement withleading international energy logistics companyPeterson to provide oil and gas logistics servicesacross the Mediterranean and North Africa.

Due to growing customer demand from theregion, Peterson (Malta) Ltd will provide supply baseservices, warehousing and logistics management,procurement and recruitment, for oil and gas clientsin the Mediterranean and North Africa. The companycurrently has more than 2,000 square metres offreetrade zone warehousing space in Malta, withaccess to a further 4,000 square metres of yard spacefor logistics supply base services.

Peterson offers a comprehensive range of safe,reliable and value added logistics solutions to theglobal energy industry from locations including theNetherlands, North America and the northeast of

Hili Company and Peterson create joint ventureScotland. Established in 1920, the organisation hasexpanded throughout the UK with facilities at severalprominent ports, including an integrated asset basein Aberdeen.

The joint venture marries Peterson’s expertisein global oil and gas support with the wide-rangingcapabilit ies of Hili Company, an internationally-focused group incorporating key capabil it ies inlogistics, including global air, road and sea freight,ship agency and tramper services, clearances anddeliveries, warehousing, courier solutions, ship-to-ship operations, and project cargo.

Its portfolio includes Mediterranean shipping andlogist ics f i rm Carmelo Caruana Company Ltd,logistics firms Baltic Freight Services, operating fromVilnius, and Prime Logistics based in Minsk, and ajoint venture with leading shipping line CMA CGM.

Hili Company chief executive officer Davide Biron


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bring cutting-edge technologies to Abu Dhabi oil fieldsinnovation skillset for our students,undergraduate and graduate alike.”

David Sorin, Vice-PresidentEOR of Solvay, said “Solvay hasmade considerable investments inthe past decade to developinnovative technologies in the fieldof EOR, and we are honored that PIrecognized our technologicalleadership. This agreementdemonstrates our commitment todeveloping long-term relationshipswith our key partners, includingthrough the transfer of sensitivetechnology. We bel ieve thispartnership will help accelerate thedeployment of EOR technology inAbu Dhabi’s challenging oil fields,and wi l l support ADNOC inmaterializing its ambitious 70%recovery target.”

Dr. Marc Michel Durandeau,Senior Vice President Research &Development said,“The PetroleumInstitute is proud to have Solvay asa partner with us to share some

advance technologies and todevelop together innovat iveresearch ideas to improve theefficiency of EOR processes. Theimplementat ion of this uniqueautomated formulation platform atPI will be the first tool to developthe research synergy betweenSolvay, PI and ADNOC groupcompanies, combining theexperience of a chemicalmanufacturer with those ofacademic researchers andengineers in the field. This type ofcollaboration should shorten the

The Petroleum Institute University and Research Center (PI) wasestablished in Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates in2001 with a goal of becoming a world-class institution in bothengineering education and energy industry research. PI currently hasnearly 2000 undergraduate and graduate students, over 200 faculty,and has quickly become a leading teaching and research institution inthe Middle East region. The campus has modern instructionallaboratories and classroom facilities, and will soon host a major researchcenter, the PI Research Center (PIRC) scheduled to open in 2015.

About The Petroleum Institute

time between the discovery ofefficient innovative processes andtheir development anddeployment in the field. ”

Solvay is a global chemicalcompany, leader in the field ofsolutions for the oil & gas industry.In 2010, i t created the EORAll iance® with IFP Energiesnouvelles and Beicip-Franlab toaccelerate the deployment of EORtechnology through the provisionof integrated solutions and thedevelopment of innovative, cost-efficient technologies.

to support growing demand in the Mediterraneansaid: “We were attracted to Peterson because of itsinnovative approach to the oil and gas industry, with astrong focus on technology and collaboration. Thejoint venture wi l l combine our broad range ofcapabilities with decades of oil and gas logisticsexperience from Peterson. Peterson is able to partnercustomers for a wide spectrum of operations andprojects, including the decommissioning of oil rigsand repairs.”

Peterson director Jim McSporran said: “Ouragreement with Hil i Company provides us withadditional strength to better serve our clients in thisimportant region. As a result, we look forward toproviding customers in the Mediterranean and NorthAfrica with even greater cost-effective and innovativesupply chain solutions.

“Our continuing investment in technology allowsus to offer customers industry- leading solutions

through our suite of digital appl icat ions whichincludes eCargo, the first system to digitise quaysideoperations, making them more transparent andefficient, including the handling of transport requests,container management and cost allocation for supplyvessel pools.”


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More than 140km of pipel inemanufactured at Tata Steel ’srecent ly enhanced doublesubmerged arc welded (DSAW)mill has achieved an industry firstby becoming the deepest to belaid in the Mexican section of theGulf of Mexico (GoM).

The company was awarded acontract to supply457mm OD x28.6mm WT API 5L PSL2 X65MOline pipe from its large diameter42” DSAW mill in Hartlepool, UK,for the development.

The project marked the firsttime that a pipeline had been laidat water depths greater than3,000ft in the Mexican section ofthe Gulf.

Tata Steel was selected for theproject due to i ts extensiveexperience in the manufacture ofsmall diameter and thick walldeepwater line pipe.

The mill has been the focus ofsignificant recent investment toenhance technology andprocesses and increase powereff iciency. More than 125improvements were completed in

Tata Steel line pipe breaks GoM record thanks to Mill2015 to strengthen its overal loperational and performancecapability.

The improvements includesignificant upgrades to weldingequipment using the latest closedloop digital weld control technologyto deliver greater weld stability,reduced repair rates, and totaltraceability of the process. TataSteel has also invested in a laserprofiling system to provide a 3,600point prof i le to monitor pipestraightness and provide a ful ldimensional survey of the pipe end.This data can be used to ensureminimum ‘hi/low’ in girth weldingfor high fat igue and otherapplications.

Energy efficient inverters havereplaced more than 50 traditionaltransformers / recti f iers onproduction lines to enable quick andrepeatable set ups at industry-leading levels while cutting themill’s electricity demand by nearly athird, allowing Tata Steel to producemore pipe with less energy.

The mill’s ‘O’ press control hasbeen upgraded to optimise the

forming process, ensuring uniformpressing along the full length ofpipes to achieve optimum pipeshape. This has benef i ts fordeepwater operations, as both theshape and balancing of the‘forming ratio’ of the pipe are criticalfor deepwater collapse resistance.

Richard Broughton,Commercial Manager, Energy andPower, Tata Steel, said: “Ourinvestment in the DSAW mill andour cont inuous improvementdiscipl ine enables us to of ferextremely high integrity solutions toour clients for the most challengingof offshore and onshore projects.

“The overal l benefi t of theinvestments can be seen in thewelding qual i ty performanceachieved during the project in theGulf of Mexico. Where smal ldiameter and thick wall pipe istypically more challenging, on thisproject a combined repair rate of0.25% was achieved. This wasdel ivered not only due to theinvestment in welding technology,but also through a programme ofcontinuous improvements in the


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welding area which hasseen simi lardevelopments acrossmany sizes of pipe.

“The manufacturealso demonstrated amore sustainableapproach to production,with reduced energyutilisation through thedeployment of digi talwelding control . Ournew inverter basedpower sources havesignificantly improvedwelding machineavai labi l i ty and haveresulted in an increasein power efficiency from60% to 95%.”

Tata Steel isEurope's secondlargest steel producer,with steelmaking in theUK and Netherlands,and manufactur ingplants across Europe.The company supplieshigh-qual i ty steelproducts to the mostdemanding markets,including construction,automotive, packaging,rail, lifting & excavating,energy and aerospace.Tata Steel works withcustomers to developnew steel products thatgive them a competitiveedge. The combinedTata Steel group is oneof the world’s largeststeel producers, with asteel capacity of nearly30 million tonnes and80,000 employeesacross five continents.

investment

Mine owner-operators are increasingly looking to new data processing andvisualisation technologies that accelerate mine survey cycles to enable faster,higher-quality decisions that improve mine performance and maximise profits.Africa’s mine owner-operators in particular are upgrading their mine surveycapabilities to deliver more timely information to planning and operations andenable quicker responses to market fluctuations and unexpected events. Thefollowing customer story details Bentley Systems’ work with key mines in Africaincluding Black Mountain Mining, Boteti Mining, Dilokong Chrome Mine (ASA Metals)

A growing number of mine owner-operators in Africa are pursuing increasedproduction efficiency by upgrading their mine survey capability to deliver moretimely information to planning and operations. Black Mountain Mining (Pty) Ltd,Boteti Mining (Pty) Ltd, ASA Metals (Pty) Ltd / Dilokong Chrome Mine (Pty) Ltd, andothers have embraced new data processing and visualisation technologies thataccelerate mine survey cycles to enable faster, higher-quality decisions that improvemine performance.

Each of these owner-operators deployed Bentley’s MineCycle™ Surveysoftware that ingests data directly from a variety of sensors, instruments, fileformats, and collection techniques and automatically generates a 3D model ofthe mined volume. The model can be quickly compared to the mine plan forcalculation and visualisation of under-blast, over-blast, and other variances. Thesecapabilities make it possible to execute survey cycles more frequently and withgreater accuracy by eliminating intermediate steps to convert, combine, andprocess raw survey data. The software’s unique open data architecture providesunmatched flexibility and freedom to share survey intelligence across theenterprise, enabling mine owner-operators to make faster, higher-quality decisionsthat improve mine performance.

M. Dinake, mine surveyor at Boteti Mining (Pty) Ltd, Botswana, said, “MineCycleSurvey will enable us to significantly shorten the time between survey measurementsand fully processed survey results. This will provide a more current view of as-mined status which will support better planning and operations decisions.”

“MineCycle Survey will enable us to gather and represent survey data accuratelyand efficiently,” said Heinrich Pienaar, chief survey draughtsman, Black MountainMining (Pty) Ltd. “The ability to store our survey information on a secure databaseensures legal compliance for our team. MineCycle enables us to share informationinterdepartmentally, thus keeping us up to date with the latest shared technicalinformation,” added Mr. Pienaar.

Lucky Molemi, senior mine surveyor, ASA Metals (Pty) Ltd / Dilokong ChromeMine (Pty) Ltd, said, “An accurate picture of current as-mined status is an invaluableasset to any mining operation. The ability to go from instrument measurements toactionable survey results quickly in one step with MineCycle Survey will allow us toplan and operate our mine more effectively.”

By shortening their survey cycles, these mine owner-operators have enabled amore continuous mine planning cycle that increases the ability to maximise profitsas well as respond more quickly to market fluctuations and unexpected events.

Mine owners in Africa increase productionagility by shortening survey cycles


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PETRONAS’ first floating liquefiednatural gas (LNG) facility, PFLNGSATU has set sail to the Kanowitgas f ie ld, of fshore Sarawak,making its historic 2,120 nauticalmile journey to Malaysia on 14 May2016.

At 365-metre-long and with adry weight of 132,000 tonnes,PFLNG SATU was towed from theDaewoo Shipbuilding & MarineEngineering Co. Ltd (DSME)shipyard in Okpo, South Korea forthe offshore phase of the project.

The PFLNG SATU will proceed

PETRONAS’ first floating LNG facility,PFLNG SATU sets sail to Malaysia

with the installation, hook-up andcommissioning of the f loat ingfacility once moored at the Kanowitgas field, 180 kilometres offshoreSarawak.

PETRONAS’ Advisor of GlobalLNG Project – Project Delivery andTechnology, Datuk Abdullah Karimsaid the sail away of the floatingLNG facility marked a significantmilestone in PETRONAS’ bolddecision to deliver a game changerin the global LNG business as itpaves the way for opportunities tomonetise the greater availability of

stranded gas reserves.“The sail away of PFLNG SATU

is an achievement everyone inPETRONAS, DSME and Technipcan be proud of. Congratulationsand I look forward to the next phaseof the project at the Kanowit gasfield for the successful startup ofPFLNG SATU,” added DatukAbdullah Karim.

Construction began with theofficial steel cutting in June 2013followed by the launching of the hullon April 2014. In the fourth quarterof 2015, PETRONAS announcedthat PFLNG SATU had achieved a95 per cent overall progress in itsconstruction with the successfulinstallation of 22 modular systemswithin and on the topside of thefloating facility.

PETRONAS’ President andCEO of Pacific NorthWest LNG, En.Adnan Zainal Abidin said that a totalof 18 million man-hours has beenclocked to achieve thetechnological and engineeringaspirat ions of a f loat ing LNGfacility.

“Our gratitude to the hard workand dedication of the PETRONASproject team and our partners forachieving this milestone. We wishthe team success in the offshorephase of the project,” said Adnan.

Designed for water-depthsbetween 70 metres to 200 metresdeep and a processing capacity of1.2 mi l l ion tonnes per annum(mtpa) with 145 crew onboard,PFLNG SATU wi l l supportPETRONAS’ global LNG portfolioand enhance its reputation as apreferred and rel iable LNGsupplier.

PETRONAS together with Technip and Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co. Ltd(DSME) celebrate the sail away milestone of PFLNG SATU.

PFLNG SATU sets sail to the Kanowit gas field, offshore Sarawak, making its historic 2,120nautical mile journey to Malaysia.


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The next five years will bring areshaping of the global gas trade,the International Energy Agency(IEA) said Wednesday in its 2016Medium-Term Gas Market Report.New liquefied natural gas (LNG)supplies are coming online just asdemand growth in some majormarkets weakens, resul t ing inmajor shifts in global gas tradepatterns. A weak outlook for Japanand Korea – the world’s top twoLNG buyers - means that newsupplies will need to find othermarkets. China, India and ASEANcountr ies wi l l emerge as keybuyers.

“We see massive quantities ofLNG exports coming on line while,despite lower gas prices, demandcontinues to soften in traditionalmarkets,” said IEA Execut iveDirector Fat ih Birol . Thesecontradictory trends will both impacttrade and keep spot gas pricesunder pressure.” Dr. Birol addedthat the combined factors ofcheaper coal and continued strongrenewables growth were blockinggas from expanding more rapidlyin the power sector.

The annual IEA report, whichgives a detailed analysis and five-year projections of natural gasdemand, supply and tradedevelopments, sees globaldemand rising by 1.5% per year bythe end of the forecast period,compared with 2% projected in lastyear's outlook. Slower primaryenergy demand growth and thedecline in the energy intensity of theworld economy are lesseningdemand growth for all fossil fuels,

IEA sees major shifts in globalgas trade over next five years

Massive growth inLNG supplies despite

weak gas demandand low prices

including gas. As demand growthfor coal and oil also weakens, theshare of gas in the energy mix isstill expected to increase – albeitmodestly – by 2021.

Whi le gas demand isprojected to remain weak, globalLNG exports wi l l increasesubstantially. Between 2015 and2021, l iquefaction capacity wil lincrease by 45%, mostly from theUnited States and Australia. Newprojects in both countries havecommenced ramping upproduction. Several others are atan advanced stage of development.By 2021, Australia will rival Qataras the world’s largest LNG exporterand the US will not be far behind.

Fundamental developmentspoint to oversupply in the marketover the forecast horizon of thisreport which should keep spot gasprices across the globe underpressure: “unwanted” LNGsupplies will look for a home inEurope, due to the flexibility of itsgas system and well-developedspot markets. As a result, intensecompetition will develop amongproducers to retain or gain accessto European customers. “We areat the start of a new chapter inEuropean gas markets” Dr. Birol

said.Ample LNG supplies will also

affect markets outside Europe.Weaker-than-expected demand inAsia is leaving several large LNGbuyers in the region over-contracted. This should helpaccelerate a transition towardsmore flexible contractual structures.Moreover, with oil markets expectedto rebalance before gas marketsdo, renewed pressure to movetowards hub pricing and reduce oilexposure in long-term contractswill likely re-emerge before the endof the decade.

Dr. Birol warned that today’soversupply could foreshadow anumber of supply-side challengesand security risks down the road,noting that a growing level of LNGexport capacity had gone offlineduring the past five years due totechnical and security issues andthat such problems could get worsewith low oil and gas prices. Asproducers slash investments torefocus on cost reductions andbudget savings, he said that suchefforts may be too late for globalgas markets to rebalance duringthis decade, but could sow theseeds for tighter markets into thenext decade.

“We see massive quantities ofLNG exports coming on line

while, despite lower gas prices,demand continues to soften in

traditional markets. Thesecontradictory trends will both

impact trade and keep spot gasprices under pressure”

- Dr. Fatih BirolExecutive Director, IEA


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Allocation of domestic gas to APGDC for CGD operationsin East & West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh

The Ministry of Petroleum & NaturalGas (MoPNG) has approved theallocation of 3,000 SCMD domesticnatural gas to Andhra Pradesh GasDistribution Corporation Limited(APGDC) for East Godavari andWest Godavari Geographical Areas.This decision would enable APGDCto start regular CNG sale from itsrecent ly commissioned CNGstation in Kovvur, and thus bringWest Godavari district on the CGDmap of the country. The allocationof domestic gas for CGD activitieshas been a long-standing demand

put forth by the Chief Minister ofAndhra Pradesh and APGDC.

MoPNG has been aggressivelypursuing the rollout of CGD networksacross the country so as to maximizethe reach of CNG for transport andPNG for domestic households.Under the Government’s policy,domestic natural gas is allocated ona high priority basis to CGD entitiesin order to fully meet theirrequirements of CNG (transport) andPNG (domestic).

APGDC is a Joint Venturecompany promoted by GAIL Gas

Limited (a wholly owned subsidiaryof GAIL (India) Ltd., a Central PublicSector Enterprise) and APGIC, anAndhra Pradesh State GovernmentPublic Sector Enterprise, with theobjective of pursuing CGD andother gas-related businessactivities in the state of AndhraPradesh. APGDC, in consortiumwith HPCL, was awarded thePNGRB authorization in 2015 forlaying and operating CGD networksin the Geographical Areas of EastGodavari and West Godavaridistricts of Andhra Pradesh.

Topcon and Bentley Systems announceintegration between MAGNET 4.0 and ProjectWise

Topcon Positioning Group and Bentley Systemsannounce a new level of direct communicationbetween Bentley’s design applications and Topconmobile work force products with the upcomingMAGNET® 4.0 release.

With the direct communication from MAGNETEnterprise to Bentley’s ProjectWise, users ofTopcon’s industry-leading family of MAGNET and 3D-MC software solutions can now, while working in thefield, access or receive i-models created by Bentley’sOpenRoads design model l ing technology.Furthermore, the survey data and as-built conditionscaptured by Topcon's field devices can be broughtback into Bentley's design applications using thesame MAGNET to ProjectWise direct connection.

“The direct connection to Bentley’s ProjectWisein MAGNET Enterprise allows project managers todistribute i-models directly to their Topcon fielddevices,” said Jason Hallett, Topcon Vice Presidentof global product management. “With this drag anddrop functionality, i-models from ProjectWise easilymove from the MAGNET Enterprise Data Manager toyour mobile work force.”

This integration will allow for direct import andexport of i-models in MAGNET Field and MAGNETOffice products.

“With the simplified workflow from ProjectWiseto machines with a Sitelink3D connection fromMAGNET Office or Enterprise, updated models canbe quickly sent to a machine, reducing the chance ofrework and ensuring the most current data can besent to project teams,” said Hallett.

With the upcoming release, users will be able todeliver any MAGNET project files as i-models intoProjectWise for the purpose of captur ing “AsConstructed” conditions of infrastructure projects.

Dustin Parkman, Bentley Vice President ofproduct development, said, “We are excited to offerthe industry-first ability to ‘round trip’ i-models. Soonoperators will be able to send i-models directly totheir mobile work force, who can consume themodels, update them directly on the job site, andthen send the updated i-models from the field backto ProjectWise with selected data (points, point lists,layers library) directly to an i-model.

“The integration between ProjectWise andMAGNET Enterprise has opened up endless newpossibilities for construction-driven engineeringworkflows using OpenRoads and MAGNET Office,”said Parkman. MAGNET 4.0 is expected to beavailable in late June with additional upgrades andfunctionality for users.


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CGG has announced that Sercelhas del ivered two of i ts new-generation 508XT land seismicacquisition systems, representinga total of 12,000 channels, toBashneftegeofizika, one of thelargest oil service companies inthe Russian Federation.

The Sercel 508XT landacquisition system was selected forits unique game-changing cross-technology (X-Tech®) architecturewhich combines the benefits ofcable and wireless systems in asingle platform. Since the launch ofthe 508XT, more than 100,000channels have been deliveredworldwide to Sercel cl ients,including to two mega crewscurrently operating in the MiddleEast that are consistently achievingrecord-setting production levels.

The system wi l l f i rst be

Sercel delivers two 508XT land acquisition systemsto one of the largest Russian Oil Service Companies

deployed by Bashneftegeofizika inJune on a 3D survey project withdifficult access in hilly and forest-covered terrain. Both 508XTsystems will then be deployed laterin the year for winter seasonoperations.

Pascal Rouiller, Sercel CEO,said: “We are particularly pleasedto deliver our 508XT acquisitionsystem to such a long-standingSercel c l ient asBashneftegeof iz ika. Their f i rstdeployment wi l l take place inchal lenging terrain, where the508XT’s ful l monitor ingcapabilities combined with its fault-tolerant architecture will be of greatbenefit for operations.”

Rustem Yavdatovich Adiev,General Director,Bashneftegeofizika, said: “Both508XT systems will be used for the

multiple seismic projects we areplanning in the Russian Federationover the coming years. We areconfident that the latest Sercelsystem, with its lighter weight andlower power consumption, will beof key benefit for our operationswhere field personnel logistics andequipment deployment are verychallenging.”

CGG is a ful ly integratedGeoscience company providingleading geological, geophysicaland reservoir capabilities to itsbroad base of customers primarilyfrom the global oil and gas industry.Through its three complementarybusinesses of Equipment,Acquisi t ion and Geology,Geophysics & Reservoir (GGR),CGG brings value across al laspects of natural resourceexploration and exploitation.

With its unique game-changing cross-technology (X-Tech®) architecture, the Sercel 508XT land acquisition system combines the benefits of cableand wireless systems in a single platform.


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GE Oil & Gas launches new subsea connector to enhancereliability of high-voltage operations on the seabed


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GE Oil & Gas has completed thequalification of its upgraded 36kVhigh voltage wet mate connector.MECONTM WM 36/500 offers farmore reliability and predictability insubsea power system connections,and can be used with equipmentsuch as transformers, switchgears,variable speed drives and motorloads. By improving the reliability ofsubsea power transmission anddistribution, MECON™ WM 36/500supports the ambitions of oil andgas operators to develop cost-efficient subsea production andprocessing facilities.

“Our MECONTM Wet Mate 36/500 connector is designed toprovide highly reliable connectionsof subsea high voltage equipment.Unl ike convent ional stab-typeconnectors, we deploy a uniqueconnection process that ensuresthat we are in full control of theelectrical environment inside theconnector before completing theelectrical connection” said AlisdairMcDonald, Subsea Power &Processing Leader at GE Oil & Gas.

GE uses the same patentedtechnology for all its MECON WetMate connectors. A unique in-situf lushing process enables theverification of a benign electricalenvironment. The flushing process

is performed after the connectorhalves are brought together andbefore the electrical connectionsare completed. First ly, theconnector is flushed with seawaterto remove any contaminants, thenby fresh water, alcohol, and finallydielectric fluid. The dielectric fluidis analysed to veri fy a benignelectrical environment before theelectr ical and mechanicalconnect ion is completed. Theprocess is enabled by a closed-loop flushing tool mounted on aconventional ROV and takes lessthan 20 minutes in total to completeand no fluids are released to theenvironment.

In addition to offering greatercontrol and predictability comparedto convent ional stab-typeconnectors, MECONTM WM 36/500can act as an isolation switch atrated system voltage and can beused to verify system health priorto commissioning or to find faultsafter failure.

MECONTM 36/500 hasundergone more than a year ofextensive testing to comply with thelatest industry-wide standards. Theconnector has been certified foroperation up to 36 kV and 500amperes in water depths down to10,000ft or 3,000m.

GE Oil & Gas has completed the qualification of its upgraded36kV high voltage wet mate connector. MECONTM WM 36/500 offers far more reliability and predictability in subsea powersystem connections. By improving the reliability of subseapower transmission and distribution, MECON™ WM 36/500supports the ambitions of oil and gas operators to developcost-efficient subsea production and processing facilities


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Classification society DNV GL hasannounced that it had recentlycompleted the f i rst product ionsurveys using an unmanned aerialvehicle (UAV) or drone. The surveytook place on the MV Apollo, achemical tanker owned by CarlBüttner Shipmanagement GmbH,in Bremerhaven, Germany. TwoDNV GL surveyors used the droneto inspect 14 tanks over a period oftwo and a half days.

“The advantage of using adrone over conventional staginginside the tank is absolutely clear,”says Jochen Huhn, MarineSuperintendent and Chief SecurityOff icer, Carl Büttner Shipmanagement GmbH. “Eliminatingthe risk of damage to the coatingfrom staging means the dronesurvey is worth it, even before wefactor in the time saved by thismethod. We were also all veryimpressed by the quality of thevideo and the details the drone wasable to obtain in the inspection. We

DNV GL performs first drone production surveywould certainly be interested inusing this method more in thefuture and I am interested to seehow the technology develops overthe next few years.”

“The success of the first droneproduction survey performed by aclassification society shows howour investment in developingmodern class solutions to benefitour customers is paying off,” saysKnut Ørbeck-Nilssen, CEO DNVGL– Maritime. “Over the next fewyears we will continue to work onexpanding the ways the drones canbe used and the number of stationswhere we can offer this service.This is a very promising beginningand one that is already showing asignificant benefit in terms of timeand costs saved.”

The inspection of ship tanksand holds can be a costly, timeconsuming and potent ial lydangerous operat ion. Thecondition of the coating, corrosion,damages, piping, access points,

equipment and safety systems allhave to be assessed on a regularbasis. Using drones to visuallycheck the condit ion of remotestructural components has thepotential to significantly reducesurvey times and staging costs,while at the same time improvingsafety for the surveyors. DNV GLhas now carried out several testsusing drones for the inspection ofcargo tanks or holds in a large oiltanker, a chemical tanker and abulk carrier, both in Europe and inChina.

In the future it may be possibleto use drones that are ful lyautonomous. A 3D model of avessel could be loaded into adrone's memory, which could thenorientate itself inside the tank andfollow a pre-defined route, stoppingat points of interest inside thecompartment to capture video andstill images. The operator coulduse the camera and l ights todocument f indings, whi le thedrone’s autopilot takes care of theflight. At some stage it may bepossible to have a drone with itsown scanning capabil it ies. Thedrone could be dropped into anunknown space, make a scan,create its own 3D map and thenproceed to carry out the surveyindependently.

Current ly, DNV GL is alsolooking into utilizing drones andother al ternat ive means forinspect ion of MOUs, both fortopside and external structure andfor internal tank inspect ions.Another ongoing project is toestablish a certification service forexternal drone operators to qualifyto perform inspect ion work onclassed MOUs.

Using drones to visually check the condition of remote structural components has thepotential to significantly reduce survey times and staging costs, while at the same timeimproving safety for the surveyors.


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In a bid to boost domestic oil and gas production, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas(MoPNG), Government of India on May 25, 2016 announced the commencement of the‘Discovered Small Fields Bid Round-2016’ in New Delhi. Mr. Dharmendra Pradhan, Ministerof State (I/C) for Petroleum and Natural Gas launched the new bidding round. The technicalinformation portal and e-bidding portal were also launched on the occasion.

Discovered Small Fields are oi l and gas blocks which have so far remainedcommercially undeveloped, but are now in focus as India seeks to boost domestichydrocarbon production. Under the announced ‘Discovered Small Fields Bid Round-2016’,

In a bid to boost domestic oil and gas production, Ministry of Petroleum andNatural Gas, Government of India has announced the ‘Discovered Small FieldsBid Round-2016’. India is offering 67 fields for bidding. All these fields are locatedin existing oil and gas producing basins, where oil or gas has already beendiscovered. Of these 67 fields, 36 are located in offshore while the balance 31fields are onshore. Together, these 67 fields are estimated to hold in-place Oilplus Oil equivalent Gas reserves of 89 Million Metric Tonnes. The estimatedrecoverable reserves are of the order of 30 Million Metric Tonnes. A report.

A special report by DEW Correspondent (inputs from DGH)

Monetizing Hydrocarbon

Special Report


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India is now moving towards anew era of hydrocarbon

production, driven by a forwardlooking Hydrocarbon Exploration

and Licensing Policy (HELP);and a new fiscal model based on

Revenue Sharing Contract

resources

46 Contract Areas consisting of 67 different small fields are being offered toinvestors the world over, for exploration and production. Bids are being invitedfor developing and monetizing these contract areas having 625 Million Barrelsof Oil and Oil Equivalent Gas (O+OEG) in-place volumes spread over 1500square kilometers in Onland, Shallow water and Deepwater areas. DirectorateGeneral of Hydrocarbons (DGH), the technical arm of the Ministry is anchoringthe entire bidding process.

Speaking on the occasion, Mr. Pradhan highlighted that India is now movingtowards a new era of hydrocarbon production, driven by a forward lookingHydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy (HELP); and a new fiscal model

based on Revenue Sharing Contract. This new phase is a move ahead fromthe earlier New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP); and Production SharingContract regime and addresses various industry concerns that led to slowdownin investment over the last few years.

Single license for exploring all forms of hydrocarbons, graded system ofroyalty rates, pricing and marketing freedom for crude oil and natural gas, weresome of the highlights of Hydrocarbon and Exploration Licensing Policy (HELP)mentioned by the Minister. He said that the Government is following principles

“Our soleobjective in this

effort is tofacilitate

maximisation ofdomestic

production”-Dharmendra Pradhan

Minister of State forPetroleum and

Natural Gas, India

Special Report


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Contracts areas on offer

The Minister of State for Petroleum and Natural Gas (IndependentCharge), Mr. Dharmendra Pradhan releasing a publication, at the launchof the Discovered Small Field Bid Round- 2016, in New Delhi on May25, 2016. The Secretary, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Mr.K.D. Tripathi and other dignitaries are also seen.

The Government has taken various policy andadministrative initiatives from time to time to facilitatehydrocarbon exploration in the country. Some of thepolicy decisions taken by the Government in recentyears to enhance explorat ion and product ionactivities are as under:• Government has approved Hydrocarbon and

Exploration Licensing Policy (HELP) and same hasbeen notified on 30th March 2016. This policyprovides for a uniform licensing system to exploreand produce all hydrocarbons such as oil, gas,coal bed methane, shale oil/gas, etc. under a single

Policy and administrative

Indiacalls

upon allindustrystake-

holdersto

participatein the bidrounds

and be apart of

newenergy

revolutionof the

country

Special Report


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Map showing contracts areas on offer

licensing framework Policy also provides manyincentives such as reduced royalty rates for offshoreblocks, marketing & pricing freedom and easy toadminister revenue sharing model.

• Market ing and Pric ing freedom for new gasproduction from Deepwater, Ultra Deepwater andHigh Pressure-High Temperature areas subject tocertain conditions.

• Discovered Small Fields Policy- 67 oil & gas fieldswhich have been held by ONGC and OIL for manyyears, but have not been exploited, has beenapproved for bidding under this policy.

• Policy for grant of extension to the ProductionSharing Contracts of 28 Small and medium sizeddiscovered blocks.

• Policy Framework for relaxation, extensions andclarifications at the development and productionstage under PSC regime for early monetization ofhydrocarbon discoveries: Governmentimplemented this policy in 2015. Under this policy,about 40 pending cases have been resolved.

• New Domestic Natural Gas price Guidelines, 2014:Under these guidelines, gas price has been linkedto the market/ important hub prices.

reforms initiated for Oil and Gas Exploration by India

Special Report

Courtesy: DGH, MoPNG


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of Enhancing Production, AttractingInvestment, Generat ingEmployment, Transparency, andMinimizing administrat ivediscretion. Mr. Pradhan stressed asimpler and transparentadministrative and fiscal systemhas been created. Calling upon allindustry stakeholders to participatein the bid rounds and be a part ofnew energy revolution in India, theMinister assured all support inendeavors.

Some of the other prominentand industry friendly features of thebidding round are:• Single license to extract and exploit

conventional and unconventionalhydrocarbon fields

• New f iscal regime based onrevenue sharing model

• Operat ional autonomy andflexibility for unit development incase of reservoirs extendingbeyond contract area or for jointdevelopment of commoninfrastructure

• Exemption of Oi l Cess andCustom duty

• Full freedom for marketing andpricing for production from theawarded contract areas

• Royalty in line with earlier NewExplorat ion Licensing Pol icy(NELP)

• Technical capability is not a pre-qualification criteria for bidding

• Exploration allowed during entirecontract period (20 years), which Courtesy: DGH

Discovered SmallFields are oil and gas

blocks spread over1500 square

kilometers in Onland,Shallow water andDeepwater areas

Special Report

Glimpses of the potential fields on offer


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Courtesy: DGH

is mutually extendable for up to10 years

• No restr ict ion on explorationactivity during the contract period

• Information Docket to be madeavailable at e-bidding gateway

• Physical Data Centers wi thInterpretation Facility would beset up in India and var iousothers international locationswhere prospective bidders canaccess data

• User-friendly e-bidding Portaland interactive video for easynavigation to be made availableto bidders.

• Discovered fields to be offeredwith no upfront signature bonus

India is currently the fourthlargest consumer of petroleumproducts in the world in spite ofhaving very low per capitaconsumption. According to theInternational Energy Agency, Indiais likely to contribute the most tothe rise in global energy demandover the next 25 years —with aCAGR of over 3.5 %.

India is laying stress on next-generat ion renewable andunconventional sources of energygeneration, at the same time weknow that convent ionalhydrocarbons would continue toplay an important role in achievingour energy security objectives.

I t is wel l recognized thatdespite liberalizing its E&P sectoralmost two decades ago, India hasnot completely unlocked i tshydrocarbon potent ial . This isevident from the fact that out of thetotal oil and gas consumption of226.3 Million Metric Tonnes, only70.4 Mi l l ion Metr ic Tonnes isproduced domestically.

The Prime Minister of India hasposed a challenge before the oilindustry of India to reduce import

Special Report

Glimpses of the potential fields on offer


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The domest ic crude oi l & gasproduction in the country comesfrom Nomination Blocks/Fieldsunder ONGC and Oil India Limited(OIL) and from the discoveredfields and producing Pre-NELP andNELP blocks under the ProductionSharing Contract (PSC) regime.

Crude oil production in 2015-16 was about 36.95 MMT.• The share of ONGC and Oil India

Limted in crude oil production is

India’s Oil & Gas Production & Consumption Statisticsabout 69%.

• Share of Private/JV companies incrude oil production is about31%.

• About 51.66% crude oi lproduction is from offshore areas.

• Rajasthan has the share of about23.29% in crude oil productionin the country.

Natural gas product ion in2015-16 was about 88.11MMSCMD.

• The share of ONGC and OIL innatural gas production is about74.48%.

• Share of Private/JV companies innatural gas production is about25.52%

• About 71.35% natural gasproduct ion is f rom offshoreareas.

• Assam is the highest gasproducing state with productionof 8.3 MMSMCD.

State-wise Natural Gas Production Trends (Figures in MMSCMD)

State-wise Crude Oil Production Trends (Figures in Thousand Metric Tonnes)

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Country Crude Oil Production in last 5 Years (MMT)

Country Natural Gas Production in last 5 Years (BCM)

Bidding Round Type wise Crude Oil Production under PSC Regime during 2011-12 to 2015-16 (MMT)

Bidding Round Type wise Gas Production under PSC Regime during 2011-12 to 2015-16 (MMSCM)

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dependence of oil and gas by 10% by2022. To boost the sagging domesticoil and gas production India is all outfor a simpl i f ied and transparentadministrative and regulatory setup forfast-tracking developmental activities inhydrocarbon sector. The Prime Ministerhimself held consultations with globaloil and gas experts and best minds ofIndia in January 2016. He hadmandated to the petroleum ministry tobring in energy and fresh ideas to thissector while following the philosophy of‘Ease of Doing Business’. The fiveprinciples that the Indian petroleumministry are following are :• Enhancing production• Attracting investment• Generating employment• Transparency• Minimising administrative discretion

It is with this v iew that theGovernment recently approved the“Discovered Small Field” policy with theobjective of monetizing of hydrocarbonresources locked for years. Under thispolicy, India is offering 67 fields forbidding. All these fields are located inexisting oil and gas producing basins,where oi l or gas has already beendiscovered. Of these 67 fields, 36 arelocated in offshore while the balance 31fields are in onland basins. Together,these 67 fields are estimated to hold in-place Oi l plus Oi l equivalent Gasreserves of 89 Million Metric Tonnes. Theestimated recoverable reserves are ofthe order of 30 Million Metric Tonnes.

India has already announcedsimilar policies of pricing and marketingfreedom, Revenue Sharing Model,Minimal role of Government inadministering the contract etc in ourHELP policy for future bidding rounds.

“I want to underline that our soleobjective in this effort is not to maximisegovernment revenue but to facilitatemaximisation of domestic production. Ibelieve that all quantities of hydrocarbon

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- big or small -are crucial for India, which is otherwiseheavily dependent on imports”, according to Mr.Pradhan.

In addition to investment, we also look forward toyour participation for the infusion of innovation,technology and better management, the minister said.

The idea is to leverage national and internationalexpert ise to maximize the exploi tat ion of newhydrocarbon finds. I wish that some of you end upexpanding the hydrocarbon resource base multipletimes from the current estimated level, he said whileaddressing prospective investors.

I am a firm believer of the immense intellectualcapacity and entrepreneurial skills of our youth. Thishas been our biggest contribution to the world. I amhopeful that with the improved regulatory processesand initiatives like “Make-In-India”, “Ease of DoingBusiness” and “Start-up India”, young entrepreneursand investors will make most of this opportunity toventure into the Indian oil & gas sector, the ministerstressed.

I would also like to bring to your attention thatdevelopment of these smal l f ie lds has beenstructured in a time frame. This is important as

Government seeks to monetize these resources inthe stipulated time. We are therefore interested inseeing that work on the discoveries is started in rightearnest upon award to the successful bidder, theminister added.

Our Government has created administrative andfiscal systems which are a lot simpler and transparentthan previous ones. We have also tried to provide asmuch incentives and encouragement as possiblewithin the mandate of the Government, he said.

In order to facilitate the interested bidders,physical data centers with interpretation facility wouldbe set up in Noida and various others internationallocations where prospective bidders can access thetechnical data of various contract areas on offer. Iam also happy to share that our nat ional o i lcompanies, ONGC and OIL, have offered access totheir facilities to prospective bidders on minimalchargeable basis.

Roadshows for ‘Discovered Small Fields BidRound-2016’ will be held at different parts of the countryand international venues to attract maximum interestof prospective bidders and to encourage industryplayers to participate in the bid process.

City Gas DistributionAn Indian Perspective

Authors:Dr. Anirbid Sircar, PDPU

Ms. Shreya Sahajpal, PDPUMr. Umang Modi, Gujarat Gas Limited

Limited edition. Book your copy todayto avail early bird discount of 25 percent.

Price per copy Rs.1500

Published by:

[email protected]@gmail.com

BOOK RELEASE IN AUGUST 2016

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CGG GeoSoftware offers a full suite of powerful and complementary software solutionsthat integrate multi-disciplinary workflows to overcome the most complex subsurfacechallenges in all types of reservoirs.

CGG GeoSoftware has completed thelaunch of a series of innovative newreleases from across i ts reservoircharacterization product portfolio. The delivery ofJason 9.5, Hampson Russell 10.1, InsightEarth 3.0.2,PowerLog 9.5, EarthModel FT 9.5 and VelPro9.5.marks the next stage in GeoSoftware’s strategyto offer a full suite of powerful and complementarysoftware solutions that integrate multi-disciplinaryworkflows to overcome the most complex subsurfacechallenges in all types of reservoirs. New capabilitiescover the geoscience spectrum, includinggeophysics, geology, petrophysics, geomechanicsand reservoir engineering, providing E&P companieswith fresh insights on their assets to help them reducedrilling risks and boost production results.

New methodologies that dramatically reduceinversion time, along with unique techniques tocompute entire volumes of pore pressure from velocityvolumes, reflect GeoSoftware’s commitment toimprove efficiency for interpretation experts. Assetteams can pinpoint areas of interest totarget and derive greater geologicalknowledge from the seismicdata. New quality controltools and improvedcapabi l i t ies for rockphysics andanisotropic inversionare among the newfeatures thatdel iver a deeperunderstanding ofoi l and gasr e s e r v o i r s .Additionally, easierdata loading, betterdata management,and an enhanced userexperience wil l reduceproject cycle times.

GeoSoftware applicationsoffer workf lowsthat can be tailoredto f i t speci f ic

CGG integrates Geoscience DisciplinesMulti-disciplinary approach yields complete answers

project needs, offering greater flexibilityand driving stronger collaboration for thebest possible resul ts. With the

combination of these latest versions of Jason,HampsonRussel l , InsightEarth, PowerLog,EarthModel FT and VelPro, clients will find a full suiteof integrated and advanced technology to enhancetheir seismic-to-simulation workflow that they canplug into their own preferred petrotechnical platformand processes.

Sophie Zurquiyah, Chief Operating Officer,Geology, Geophysics & Reservoir, CGG, said:“GeoSoftware’s enhanced capabilities substantiallyadvance our clients’ ability to accurately characterizethe subsurface and gain the greatest value fromexisting software products and investments. Furtherintegration within the GeoSoftware platform willexpedite delivery of new capabilities across all ourproduct suites, as well as streamline cross-productworkflows for our clients. Ongoing innovation in ourgeoscience-based software is evidence of our

commitment to help our clients overcometough challenges from exploration

through production.”CGG is a fully integratedGeoscience company

providing leading geo-logical, geophysical

and reservoircapabi l i t ies to i tsbroad base ofcustomers primarilyfrom the global oiland gas industry.Through i ts three

c o m p l e m e n t a r ybusinesses of

Equipment, Acquisitionand Geology,

Geophysics & Reservoir,CGG brings value across all

aspects of natural resourceexplorat ion andexploitation.dewjournal.com

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DNV GL has been awarded acontract by COSCO ShippingCompany Limited (COSCOSHIPPING) of China for theinstallation engineering services

DNV GL to provide installation engineering for oneof the world’s heaviest HVDC platforms

Pioneering technologyfor the BorWin gamma high voltagedirect current (HVDC) converterplat form. The Dutch-Germantransmission system operatorTenneT is developing the offshore

AC/DC converter platform BorWingamma as part of the gr idconnection project BorWin3. Theproject will provide an essentialrenewable offshore resource tomeet increasing energy demandsin Germany, as part of the GermanEnergiewende (Energy Transition)programme.

A consortium of Siemens andPetrofac has been contracted byTenneT to design, build and installBorWin gamma. COSCO Shippingwas awarded the transportationand instal lat ion contract byPetrofac and has chosen DNV GL'sNoble Denton marine services aspartner to ful f i l l the dynamicpositioning (DP) float-over job.

DNV GL’s Noble Dentonmarine services pioneered anddeveloped DP float-over, a heavymodule installation method usinga dynamic posi t ioning vessel,together with COSCO.

"DNV GL has jointly completed10 instal lat ions successful lyaround the world with COSCO,”explains Andy Wang, projectdirector of DNV GL - Oil & GasGreater China. “Our experts havea solid track record in DP float-overthat won the confidence of Petrofacand Siemens," he continues.

“Our investment in innovativesolutions and leading technologyfor heavy offshore moduletransportation and installation hasgiven us a long-standing reputationthat led us to win this contract. Wesincerely look forward to working Artist's impression of the BorWin gamma HVDC platform © Petrofac

The Dutch-German transmission systemoperator TenneT is developing the offshore AC/DC converter platform BorWin gamma as partof the grid connection project BorWin3. Theproject will provide an essential renewableoffshore resource to meet increasing energydemands in Germany, as part of the GermanEnergiewende (Energy Transition) programme

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with COSCO and the consortiumpartners on this important project,”says Arthur Stoddart, regionalmanager of DNV GL-Oil & GasRegion Greater China, Korea &Japan.

This project will create a fewnew entries to DNV GL's recordbook. Weighing in at a massive18,000 metr ic tonnes, BorWingamma will be one of the heaviestHVDC platform ever instal led;moreover, it will be the first DP float-over operation in the North Sea andEurope.

The installation is expected tocommence in the summer of 2018.Once completed, it will transmitapproximately 900 MW of windpower, which is roughly equal tothe annual electricity consumptionof 1 million German households.

Scheduled to go onl ine in2019, the BorWin gamma platformwill be installed nearly 130km offthe German coast in the North Sea,at a water depth of approximately40m. The 900 MW DC transmissionwill be through 320 kV cable of 160km length.

In the oil and gas industry, GLNoble Denton and DNV’s Oil & Gasbusiness have joined forces toenable safe, reliable and enhancedperformance in projects andoperations. It provides a broadrange of services, such astechnical assurance; marineassurance and advisory; r iskmanagement advisory and offshoreclassification. Together with itspartners, DNV GL dr ives theindustry forward by developing bestpractices and standards acrossthe asset lifecycle. dewjournal.com

AVEVA has announced that DowAksa(DowAksa ileri Kompozit Malzemeler SanayiLtd. Sti.) has standardised on AVEVA’s IntegratedEngineering & Design solution. Established in 2012,DowAksa develops and globally markets a broadrange of products and technical services to supportthe growing carbon-fiber-based composites industry.

DowAksa needed to increase the efficiency andintegration of engineering and design works for itsexisting facilities and future projects.

‘We needed to improve quality and integration ofengineering data and increase efficiency acrossdepartments. One of our key goals is to save moneyfor our customers, and that means making savingsat every stage of processes. Key to this is quicklyand cost-effectively completing projects that improveour cost structure. So we had to become moreefficient in project execution,’ said DowAksa TurkeyGeneral Manager Betül Sadikoglu.

‘AVEVA presented an integrated approach that wecan mandate to our projects, and which enables us toincrementally add new disciplines as we need them.’

Sadikoglu added, ‘AVEVA has a great trackrecord of working with a number ofleading EPCs and Owner Operatorsin Turkey, as many have standardisedon AVEVA software including; Tupras,Enka, Calik Enerji, Rönesans HeavyIndustry, Promer and Tekfen

AVEVA software to enhance engineering dataand increase operational efficiency

Engineering. This provided us with theassurance that AVEVA has local expertise,

contacts and insights that will support our businessobjectives.’

Thomas Branden, Senior Vice President – OOSales, AVEVA said, ‘Every Owner Operator in theChemical industry wants to increase efficiency andultimately save money. DowAksa’s move to AVEVA’sIntegrated Engineering & Design enables a fast,reliable and easy exchange of information.’

‘DowAksa can conf ident ly take on plantmodification projects and new projects, keeping itsengineering and design information up-to-date asthey progress,’ continued Mr. Branden.

DowAksa is a large-scale, full-service, fullyintegrated provider of carbon fiber solutions forindustrial applications in today’s transportation,infrastructure and energy markets. Very strong andlightweight, carbon-fiber-based materials are usedin a variety of applications where weight savings,emissions reduction, durability and energy efficiencyare key performance factors.

AVEVA software has enabled the creation of someof the world’s most complex power andprocess plants, vessels and offshorefaci l i t ies. AVEVA’s Digi ta l Assetapproach ensures there is always anaccurate digital representation of eachphysical asset.

DowAksa will improveprojects, operations

and maintenance withAVEVA’s Integrated

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The market is currently going through a significant readjustment.Since July 2014, prices have fallen by more than 70%, manyinvestments have been deferred and some cancelled, manpower hasbeen laid off, supply has been greater than demand, stocks have risenabove their five-year average, and the market has been searching forbalance.

The pain of this readjustment is being felt across the industry. Theseare tough times. But we should also remember that ‘tough times’ arenothing new for the industry. It has been here before. The story of ourindustry is one of many cycles, both up and down.

We have had periods when prices were low, and periods whenprices were high. We have seen times when supply outstripped demand,and times

dewjournal · SapuraKencana Petroleum Berhad. SKE is the exploration operator with a (40%) working interest with partners PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd. (30%) and Sarawak Shell Bhd.

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dewjournal · SapuraKencana Petroleum Berhad. SKE is the exploration operator with a (40%) working interest with partners PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd. (30%) and Sarawak Shell Bhd.