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Page 1: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY

Day 1

Page 2: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

2

1) COMPUTER LITERACY VS. COMPUTER PROFICIENCY

a) Literacyi. Knowledge and understanding of basic

computer terminology

b) Proficiencyi. Ability to use computer applications to

complete tasks efficiently, accurately, and effectively.

c) At the end of this semester you will be both 1c(1) literate and 1c(2) proficient in computer technology.

Page 3: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

2) HISTORY OF COMPUTERSa) 1837 Charles Babbage invented a 2a mechanical computer

i. made of about 2ai 25,000 parts

ii. weighed 2aii 15 tons

3

Page 4: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

2) HISTORY OF COMPUTERSa) 1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer

a) made of about 25,000 parts

b) weighed 15 tons

b) 1950’s–computers use 2b vacuum tubes

4

Page 5: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

2) HISTORY OF COMPUTERSa) 1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer

a) made of about 25,000 parts

b) weighed 15 tons

b) 1950’s–computers use vacuum tubesc) 1958–Integrated 2c Circuit is invented

5

Page 6: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

2) HISTORY OF COMPUTERSa) 1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer

a) made of about 25,000 parts

b) weighed 15 tons

b) 1950’s–computers use vacuum tubesc) 1958–Integrated Circuit is inventedd) 1960-The 2d minicomputer is introduced

6

Page 7: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

2) HISTORY OF COMPUTERSa) 1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer

a) made of about 25,000 parts

b) weighed 15 tons

b) 1950’s–computers use vacuum tubesc) 1958–Integrated Circuit is inventedd) 1960-The minicomputer is introducede) 1964–IBM announces its 2e System 360 computers which

eventually sweep industry

7

Page 8: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

2) HISTORY OF COMPUTERSa) 1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer

a) made of about 25,000 parts

b) weighed 15 tons

b) 1950’s–computers use vacuum tubesc) 1958–Integrated Circuit is inventedd) 1960-The minicomputer is introducede) 1964–IBM announces its System 360 computers which

eventually sweep industryf) 1971- 2f Intel creates the first microprocessor

8

Page 9: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

2) HISTORY OF COMPUTERSa) 1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer

a) made of about 25,000 parts

b) weighed 15 tons

b) 1950’s–computers use vacuum tubesc) 1958–Integrated Circuit is inventedd) 1960-The minicomputer is introducede) 1964–IBM announces its System 360 computers which eventually

sweep industryf) 1971-Intel creates the first microprocessorg) 1972-Personal computing begins with the 2g Intel 8008 microprocessor

9

Page 10: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

2) HISTORY OF COMPUTERSa) 1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer

a) made of about 25,000 parts

b) weighed 15 tons

b) 1950’s–computers use vacuum tubesc) 1958–Integrated Circuit is inventedd) 1960-The minicomputer is introducede) 1964–IBM announces its System 360 computers which eventually

sweep industryf) 1971-Intel creates the first microprocessorg) 1972-Personal computing begins with the Intel 8008 microprocessorh) 1976-Jobs and Wozniak create the 2h Apple 1

10

Page 11: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

3) HISTORY OF COMPUTERSa) 1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer

a) made of about 25,000 parts

b) weighed 15 tons

b) 1950’s–computers use vacuum tubesc) 1958–Integrated Circuit is inventedd) 1960-The minicomputer is introducede) 1964–IBM announces its System 360 computers which

eventually sweep industryf) 1971-Intel creates the first microprocessorg) 1972-Personal computing begins with the Intel 8008

microprocessorh) 1976-Jobs and Wozniak create the Apple 1i) 1981-IBM introduces its 3i personal computer

11

Page 12: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

3) HISTORY OF COMPUTERSa) 1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer

a) made of about 25,000 parts

b) weighed 15 tons

b) 1950’s–computers use vacuum tubesc) 1958–Integrated Circuit is inventedd) 1960-The minicomputer is introducede) 1964–IBM announces its System 360 computers which

eventually sweep industryf) 1971-Intel creates the first microprocessorg) 1972-Personal computing begins with the Intel 8008

microprocessorh) 1976-Jobs and Wozniak create the Apple 1i) 1981-IBM introduces its personal computerj) 1986–IBM introduces the first 3j laptop computer

12

Page 13: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

3) HISTORY OF COMPUTERSa) 1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer

a) made of about 25,000 parts

b) weighed 15 tons

b) 1950’s–computers use vacuum tubesc) 1958–Integrated Circuit is inventedd) 1960-The minicomputer is introducede) 1964–IBM announces its System 360 computers which eventually

sweep industryf) 1971-Intel creates the first microprocessorg) 1972-Personal computing begins with the Intel 8008 microprocessorh) 1976-Jobs and Wozniak create the Apple 1i) 1981-IBM introduces its personal computerj) 1986–IBM introduces the first laptop computerk) 1990– 3k Pocket computers are introduced

13

Page 14: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

3) HISTORY OF COMPUTERSa) 1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer

a) made of about 25,000 parts

b) weighed 15 tons

b) 1950’s–computers use vacuum tubesc) 1958–Integrated Circuit is inventedd) 1960-The minicomputer is introducede) 1964–IBM announces its System 360 computers which eventually

sweep industryf) 1971-Intel creates the first microprocessorg) 1972-Personal computing begins with the Intel 8008 microprocessorh) 1976-Jobs and Wozniak create the Apple 1i) 1981-IBM introduces its personal computerj) 1986–IBM introduces the first laptop computerk) 1990–Pocket computers are introducedl) 1993–Intel releases the 3l Pentium processor; 1st PDA released,

Apple’s Message Pad

14

Page 15: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

3) HISTORY OF COMPUTERSa) 1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer

a) made of about 25,000 parts

b) weighed 15 tons

b) 1950’s–computers use vacuum tubesc) 1958–Integrated Circuit is inventedd) 1960-The minicomputer is introducede) 1964–IBM announces its System 360 computers which eventually

sweep industryf) 1971-Intel creates the first microprocessorg) 1972-Personal computing begins with the Intel 8008 microprocessorh) 1976-Jobs and Wozniak create the Apple 1i) 1981-IBM introduces its personal computerj) 1986–IBM introduces the first laptop computerk) 1990–Pocket computers are introducedl) 1993–Intel releases the Pentium processor; 1st PDA released, Apple’s

Message Padm) 1999- 3m Palm VII (wireless); provides access to the Internet with a

single device

15

Page 16: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

3) HISTORY OF COMPUTERSa) 1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer

a) made of about 25,000 parts

b) weighed 15 tons

b) 1950’s–computers use vacuum tubesc) 1958–Integrated Circuit is inventedd) 1960-The minicomputer is introducede) 1964–IBM announces its System 360 computers which eventually

sweep industryf) 1971-Intel creates the first microprocessorg) 1972-Personal computing begins with the Intel 8008 microprocessorh) 1976-Jobs and Wozniak create the Apple 1i) 1981-IBM introduces its personal computerj) 1986–IBM introduces the first laptop computerk) 1990–Pocket computers are introducedl) 1993–Intel releases the Pentium processor; 1st PDA released, Apple’s

Message Padm) 1999-Palm VII (wireless); provides access to the Internet with a

single devicen) 2000-Intel develops the 3n Pentium 4 chip.

16

Page 17: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

3) HISTORY OF COMPUTERSa) 1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer

a) made of about 25,000 parts

b) weighed 15 tons

b) 1950’s–computers use vacuum tubesc) 1958–Integrated Circuit is inventedd) 1960-The minicomputer is introducede) 1964–IBM announces its System 360 computers which eventually

sweep industryf) 1971-Intel creates the first microprocessorg) 1972-Personal computing begins with the Intel 8008 microprocessorh) 1976-Jobs and Wozniak create the Apple 1i) 1981-IBM introduces its personal computerj) 1986–IBM introduces the first laptop computerk) 1990–Pocket computers are introducedl) 1993–Intel releases the Pentium processor; 1st PDA released,

Apple’s Message Padm) 1999-Palm VII (wireless); provides access to the Internet with a

single devicen) 2000-Intel develops the Pentium 4 chip.o) 2001- 3o Dell becomes the largest PC maker of computers; Apple

introduces the IPod

17

Page 18: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

3) HISTORY OF COMPUTERSa) 1837 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical computer

a) made of about 25,000 parts

b) weighed 15 tons

b) 1950’s–computers use vacuum tubesc) 1958–Integrated Circuit is inventedd) 1960-The minicomputer is introducede) 1964–IBM announces its System 360 computers which eventually

sweep industryf) 1971-Intel creates the first microprocessorg) 1972-Personal computing begins with the Intel 8008 microprocessorh) 1976-Jobs and Wozniak create the Apple 1i) 1981-IBM introduces its personal computerj) 1986–IBM introduces the first laptop computerk) 1990–Pocket computers are introducedl) 1993–Intel releases the Pentium processor; 1st PDA released,

Apple’s Message Padm) 1999-Palm VII (wireless); provides access to the Internet with a

single devicen) 2000-Intel develops the Pentium 4 chip.o) 2001-Dell becomes the largest PC maker of computers; Apple

introduces the IPodp) 2002- 3p 1 billion PC’s are shipped worldwide since 1970's18

Page 19: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

4) WHAT IS A COMPUTER?a) A computer consists

ofi. 4ai hardware

1) 4ai1 touchable parts of the computer

ii. 4aii software1) anything that can be

4aii1 stored electronically

is software

19Source: dictionary.com; webopedia.com

Page 20: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

4. WHAT IS A COMPUTER?b) A computer is an

electronic device that:i. 4bi accepts information

(input)ii. 4bii processes the

information (processing)iii. 4biii displays the

information (output)iv. 4biv stores the information

(storage)

20Source: dictionary.com

Page 21: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

21

4 THINGS A COMPUTER CAN DO

Input Process

Output

Storage

Page 22: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

22

5) INPUT DEVICESa) Any hardware

component that allows you to enter data, programs, commands, and user responses into a computer

Page 23: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

23

5. INPUT DEVICE EXAMPLESb) 5b Keyboard

i. 5bi Main input device

ii. The set of typewriter-like keys that enables you to enter data into a computer.

iii. Computer keyboards are similar to electric-typewriter keyboards but contain additional keys.

Page 24: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

24

5. INPUT DEVICE EXAMPLESc. 5c Mouse

i. A device that controls the movement of the cursor or pointer on a 5ci display screen.

ii. A mouse is a small object you can roll along a hard, flat surface.

iii. Its name is derived from its 5ci(1) shape, which looks a bit like a mouse, its connecting wire that one can imagine to be the mouse's 5ci(2) tail, and the fact that one must make it 5ci(3) scurry along a surface.

iv. As you move the mouse, the pointer on the display screen moves in the same direction.

v. Mice usually have 2 buttons which have different functions depending on what program is running

vi. Mice also include a 5cvi scroll wheel for scrolling through long documents

Page 25: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

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6. INPUT DEVICE EXAMPLESd) 6d Trackball

i. A trackball is like a mouse lying on its 6di back.

ii. To move the pointer, you 6dii rotate the ball with your thumb, your fingers, or the palm of your hand.

iii. There are usually one to three buttons next to the ball, which you use just like mouse buttons.

iv. The 6div advantage of trackballs over mice is

1) the trackball is 6div1 stationary so it does not require much space to use it.

2) you can place a trackball on any type of surface, including your lap.

Page 26: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

26

6. INPUT DEVICE EXAMPLESe) 6e Touchpad

i. A small, touch-sensitive pad used as a pointing device on some 6ei portable computers.

ii. By moving a finger or other object along the pad, you can move the pointer on the display screen.

iii. You can click by 6eiii tapping the pad or pressing the nearby buttons.

Page 27: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

27

7. INPUT DEVICE EXAMPLESf) 7f Digitizing Tablet

i. Enables you to enter 7fi(1) drawings and

7fi(2) sketches into a computer.

ii. Consists of 1) an electronic 7fii1 tablet

2) a pen (also called a 7fii2 stylus)

a) looks like a simple ballpoint pen but uses an electronic head instead of ink

iii. The tablet contains electronics that enable it to detect movement of the pen and translate the movements into digital signals that it sends to the computer.

Page 28: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

28

7. INPUT DEVICE EXAMPLESg) 7g Scanner

i. A device that can read text or illustrations printed on paper and translate the information into a form the computer can use.

ii. A scanner works by 7gii(1) digitizing an image -- dividing it into a grid of boxes and representing each box with either a zero or a one, depending on whether the box is filled in. The resulting matrix of 7gii(2)

bits, called a 7gii(3) bit map, can then be stored in a file, displayed on a screen, and manipulated by programs.

Page 29: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION (OCR)

a) OCR software enables you to get edible text from any documents into your computer system automatically.

b) When invoices or a forms are scanned, they are made into pictures.

c) The OCR software can process these pictures into edible text. d) The OCR Scanners software reads machine print, checkboxes,

handwriting, barcodes – pretty much anything.e) OCR scanners enable enormous savings in time and money,

and since the manual interference is minimal, human errors can be avoided and you will attain increased data quality.

f) Steps1. Scan the document2. Save the document as: Text Document OCR (may be different

depending on the software you use)3. Choose a Save location for the (Rich Text Format) RTF version of

the scanned document

http://h71036.www7.hp.com/hho/cache/608037-0-0-225-121.html

Page 30: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

30

8. INPUT DEVICE EXAMPLESh) 8h Microphone

i. An input device capable of transforming sound waves into changes in electric currents or voltage, used in recording or transmitting sound

ii. Used with voice-recognition technology

Page 31: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

31

8. INPUT DEVICE EXAMPLESi) 8i Digital Camera

i. A camera that stores images digitally rather than recording them on film.

ii. Once a picture has been taken, it can be downloaded to a computer system, and then manipulated with a graphics program and printed.

Page 33: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

HOW TO CREATE STREAMING VIDEOPART II

Free Video Editing Software iMovie (Apple)

http://www.apple.com/ilife/imovie/ iMovie outputs to QuickTime .MOV Will upload to YouTube Needs to be converted to MPEG-4 to upload to iTunes for

iPods Windows Movie Maker (PC)

http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/using/moviemaker/create/default.mspx

Movie Maker outputs to Windows Media Player .WMV Need to be converted to MPEG-4 to upload to iTunes for iPods

iTunes can convert most video for you (Choose Advanced > “Create iPod or iPhone Version.”)

Page 34: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

PODCASTS

Video/Audio presentations that can be sent over the internet http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/fanfaq.html

Page 35: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

35

4 THINGS A COMPUTER CAN DO

Input Process

Output

Storage

Page 36: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

36

9) PROCESSINGa) After you enter data via

an input device, the computer system’s processing components manipulate the data into usable output or storage using software.

b) Data manipulation involves activities such as performing calculations, formatting text, and sorting or filtering lists.

Page 37: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

37

9. PROCESSINGc) The 9c system unit is a

case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data

d) The System Unit contains the 9d(1)

motherboard, 9d(2)

power supply, 9d(3)

devices, and all 9d(4)

circuit boards

Page 38: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

38

9. PROCESSING - MOTHERBOARDe) Motherboard = 9e main

circuit board in the system unit

i. The motherboard contains 9ei electronic pathways called buses that enable signals to travel to necessary computer components.

ii. The motherboard can have 9eii Expansion Cards

1) removable circuit boards that 9eii1 expand the capabilities of the motherboard

2) plug into the motherboarda) Sound cardb) Video card

Page 39: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

39

10. PROCESSING - MOTHERBOARDiii. The motherboard has the 10iii(1)

processor (shown in the top right corner of the picture) also known as the 10iii(2) central processing unit (CPU)1) Computer 10iii1 brains that control

and manipulate data; 2) Transforms data into information; 3) 1.5" square chip w/ electric circuits

iv. Processing speed described as 10iv clock speed1) This speed is measured in 10iv1 hertz

a) Tip: 10iv1a the computer runs so fast it hertz

2) Timing device that controls the rate at which the system executes instructions & synchronizes computer components.

3) 1 hertz = 1 cycle per second (cps).

4) Today’s clock speeds (2.8-3.4 GHz) are expressed in gigahertz (GHz). 1 GHz = 1 billion cps.

Page 40: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

DUAL CORE PROCESSOR CPU: is responsible for getting, decoding, executing, and writing-back

the data from a storage device or RAM. Core: the part of the processor that does the executing or, in other

words, the calculations. Single Core Processor: All computations must happen one-at-a-time.

With a single core processor there is no such thing as true multi-tasking. Dual Core Processor: One CPU with two cores or “two calculators.”

With multiple cores a computer can hybrid-multi-task. The calculations are done in parallel but the getting, decoding, and writing-back are all done in series.

Multi-Core Processors: Two or more CPU each with it’s own core. Each CPU would do its own getting, decoding, executing, and writing-back the

data from a storage device or RAM. Multi-Core allows for true multi-tasking with each processor completing a task

in it’s entirety.

intel dual core demos/advertisement

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-dual-core-processor.htm http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-cpu.htm

Page 41: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

41

11. PROCESSING - MOTHERBOARDf) Memory: RAM - 11f Random Access

Memory

i. Not permanent memory; 1) holds data, information, and computer instructions

while the computer is on or until it is cleared;

2) gone when power is disrupted or turned off.

ii. Provides temporary working storage for data and programs (e.g., the operating system) to process data; “waiting room” for data to be processed

iii. The 11fiii amount of RAM determines: 1) 11fiii1 how much data can be processed at one time

2) 11fiii2 how big the application programs can be used

3) 11fiii3 how many programs can be open at once

iv. RAM is measured in 11fiv gigabytes

v. RAM is a major specification when 11fv comparing computer systems for purchase

1) More RAM means you can 11fv1(1) run more programs or 11fv1(2) more complicated programs.

Page 42: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

42

12) HOW DATA IS STOREDa) Computer data is stored (both in

RAM and on storage devices) in a binary 12a (base 2) numbering system. This means that data is stored in a series of 0s and 1s. For example, the letter “H” is represented as 01001000 in a binary system.

b) Characters that make sense to humans are meaningless to an electronic computer. Like a light bulb, the computer just interprets every signal as either 12b(1)“on” or

12b(2)“off”

c) 12c 1 = “on”

d) 12d 0 = “off”

Binary vs. Decimala) 1 1b) 10 2c) 11 3d) 100 4e) 101 5f) 110 6g) 111 7h) 10008i) 10019j) 101010

Page 43: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

43

13/14) DATA REPRESENTATIONa) 13a(1) Binary dig 13a(2) its (bits)

i. Each 1 and 0 is a 13 a i bit

b) A series of eight bits is called a 13b byte

c) 13c(1) Kilobyte (KB) = about a 13c(2) thousand bytes

d) 13d(1) Megabyte (MB) = about a 13d(2) million bytes

e) 14e(1) Gigabyte (GB) = about a 14e(2) billion bytes

f) 14f(1) Terabyte (TB) = about a 14f(2) trillion bytes

g) Petabyte = about a quadrillion bytes or 1,000 terabytesh) Exabyte = about a quintillion bytesi) Most modern computers are incapable of handling so much

data. As of 2008, one Exabyte of hard drive storage would cost more than $200 million.

j) Zettabyte = about a sextillion bytes or 1 billion gigabytesk) Yottabyte = about a septillion bytesl) As of 2008, no computer has yet achieved one yottabyte of

storage. In fact, the combined space of all the computer hard drives in the world does not amount to even one zettabyte. (However, estimates will change that as of 2010.) According to one study, all the world's computers stored approximately 160 exabytes in 2006, with nearly 1 zettabyte projected by 2010.

There are 10 types of people in this world;

those who understand binary

and those who don't.

Page 44: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

44

4 THINGS A COMPUTER CAN DO

Input Process

Output

Storage

Page 45: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

45

15) 15) OUTPUT DEVICESa) Output devices make the information

resulting from processing available for use

b) Output Device Examplesi. 15bi Monitors

1) Monitors produce 15bi1 soft copy (temporary display)

ii. 15bii Printers1) Printers produce 15bii1 hard copy (“permanent”

version)

iii. 15biii Speakers

Page 46: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

46

16) MONITORSa) Types

i. 16ai Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)1) LCD monitors flat-panel monitors that produce images by

controlling light within two layers separated by liquid crystal solution; LCDs are standard on laptop computers and are gaining popularity for desktop models.

b) The surface of the screen is composed of individual 16b(1) picture 16b(2) elements called 16b(3)

pixelsi. Pixel: picture element, a single point in a character

or graphic image

c) 16c Resolutioni. Sharpness/clarity indicated by # of 16ci pixels or

dots. ii. 16cii(1) Higher resolution = 16cii(2) clearer images.

1) Examples: 800 x 600 and 1024 x 768. 2) Larger #=more items visible but 16cii2 smaller.

Page 47: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

47

17. PRINTERSa) 17a Nonimpact

i. 17ai Laser1) Laser beam produces image on a drum (like a copy

machine)2) Drum rolls through 17ai2 toner (ink powder) reservoir.3) Toner transfer to paper through 17ai3(1) heat &

17ai3(2) pressure.4) Speed is measured in 17ai4(1) pages 17ai4(2) per 17ai4(3)

minutea) 4-21 ppm textb) 12 ppm graphics

5) Sound: Quiet6) Other: Duplex optional (printing on both sides of the

paper)

ii. 17aii Inkjet1) Sprays ink on a page2) Speed:

a) 16 ppm for black onlyb) 14 ppm for color

Page 48: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

48

4 THINGS A COMPUTER CAN DO

Input Process

Output

Storage

Page 49: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

49

18) STORAGE DEVICESa) Used to store instructions, data, and

information when they are not being used in memory

b) Storage devices are system components that can hold data 18b(1) permanently; unlike RAM that is emptied when the computer is 18b(2) turned off, storage devices maintain data without electricity.

c) When you 18c save a document, the document is located in a storage device. (A copy also runs in RAM until you close the document on the screen, or when you turn off the computer.)

d) Different storage devices are available. Choose a device based on its 18d(1) capacity,

18d(2) portability, and 18d(3) durability.

e) Types of storage devices:i. 18ei Magnetic

ii. 18eii Optical

iii. 18eiii Flash

iv. 18eiv Cloud (online)

Page 50: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

19/20) TERMS

a) 19a Formattingi. The process of dividing the disk into 19a(1) tracks and

19a(2) sectors so the computer can locate the information on the disk.

b) 19b Readi. to copy data from a 19bi(1) storage medium to main

19bi(2) memory (RAM)

c) 19c Writei. copy data from main 19ci(1) memory to a 19ci(2) storage

device

20.d) 20a Tracks

i. A 20ai ring on a disk where data can be written;

ii. Each track is divided into number of sectors

e) 20b Sectorsi. The 20bi smallest unit accessed on a disk

ii. A sector that cannot be used due to physical flaw on the disk is called a bad sector.

f) 20c File Allocation Table (FAT)i. Like a 20ci table of contents

ii. Used by operating system to 20cii locate files on a disk 50

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21) STORAGE DEVICES - MAGNETIC

a) Types of magnetic storage

i. 21ai Hard disks

ii. 21aii Floppy disks

iii. 21aiii Zip disks

iv. 21aiv Tape

b) Magnetic storage uses 21b magnetic particles to store items on a surface

c) 21c On = positively charged

51

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22. STORAGE DEVICES - MAGNETIC

d) Hard 22d Drivei. Capacity

1) 200 GB - 1 TB

ii. Long-termiii. Located in system typically

as the 22diii C drive

iv. Stores 22div(1) operating system, application 22div(2)

software, and data filesv. Information is maintained

when power is off

52

Generally known as

non-removable

internal storage

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22. STORAGE DEVICES - MAGNETIC

e) 22e Tape Drivei. Storage capacity: variesii. Positives:

1) Good for lots of data2) Good for long term storage

iii. Negative:1) Not common2) Sensitive to extreme temperatures3) Not very durable4) Limited space

53

Page 54: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

23. STORAGE DEVICESf) 23f Optical discs

i. Optical storage devices are 23fi(1)

plastic discs coated with a 23fi(2)

reflective metal on which data is recorded using 23fi(3) laser technology.

ii. Positives:1) 23fii1 Portable —most machines have CD-

ROM drives

iii. Negatives:1) Easy to 23fiii1 scratch

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Page 55: Day 1. a) Literacy i. Knowledge and understanding of basic computer terminology b) Proficiency i. Ability to use computer applications to complete tasks.

24. STORAGE DEVICES - OPTICALa. Optical Disc Types:

i. CDs1) 650 MB;

2) Equivalent to six 100 MB Zip disks—lots of storage

ii. 24aii CD-ROM1) 24aii1 Read Only Memory

2) Used for music and games

iii. CD-R1) 24aiii1Record one time only

2) Used for backing up data

iv. CD-RW1) 24aiv1 Re-Writable

2) Can erase and start over again or can continue adding files

v. DVDs1) 4.7 GB; Useful for large video files

vi. DVD-ROM

vii. DVD-R

viii. DVD+R

ix. DVD-RW

x. DVD+RW

xi. DVD+RAM

b. 24b Write/rewrite/read

xii. 32 x 10 x 40 means

1) 32 24bi1 write speed

2) 10 24bi2 rewrite speed

3) 40 24bi3 read speed55

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56

25) FRAGMENTED DISKa) Condition where files are 25a(1) divided

into pieces 25a(2) scattered around the disk.

b) Occurs naturally when disk is 25b used frequently to create, delete, and modify files.

c) At some point, part of file is stored in 25c noncontiguous clusters.

d) Can 25d slow down speed at which data is accessed because the disk drive must search to find different parts to put together as a file.

e) The disk drive must search to find different parts to put together as a file so it slows the access speed.

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26) DEFRAGMENTED DISK Defragmenting: Process of 26a(1) optimizing

a disk by 26a(2) rearranging files on disk by sectors.

Clusters for files moved to 26b contiguous clustersData access: 26bi more efficient

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27) STORAGE MEDIA

27a Flash memory Flash memory cards are 27ai small, portable cards

encased in hard plastic to which data can be written and rewritten. They are used in digital cameras, handheld computers, video game controllers, and other devices.

Positives: Portable Newest storage trend

Negatives: Easy to lose

Types: Flash memory cards

27aiv2 USB drive (flash drive)

27aiv3 Solid State Disk – like a hard drive, expensive

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27. STORAGE DEVICESb) 27b Cloud online

storagei. Files are stored on a

27bi server

ii. Content is available 27bii anywhere there is an internet connection

iii. Documents can be shared between 27biii(1) devices and 27biii(2) people

59

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28/29. COMMUNICATIONS DEVICESa) A communications device is a 28a(1) hardware component that

enables a computer to 28a(2) send (transmit) and 28a(3) receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers

b) Communications occur over transmission media, such as 28b(1)

telephone lines, 28b(2) cables, cellular radio networks, and satellites

c) Transmission Types/Formats:i. 28ci Analog: continuous signals, as used in telephone lines.

ii. 28cii Digital: binary; combination of zeros and ones; used by computers

29.d) 29a(1) Modem: 29a(2) MOdulator- 29a(3) DEModulator

i. Purpose: Converts 29ai(1) digital format (used on computers) to 29ai(2)

analog format to transmit over 29ai(3) phone lines; upon arrival, 29ai(4)

decodes analog format into digital format again.ii. Types and Speeds:

1) 29aii1) Dial-up Telephone—56K=57,600 bps (bits per second)

2) Cable Modem—high-speed connection 1.5 Mega bps=1.5 million bps3) DSL 29aii3) (Digital Subscriber Line)—telephone line; no separate line needed

iii. Access Speeds: Don’t always get full transmission speed 100% of time.

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COMMUNICATIONS DEVICESBLUETOOTH

Small area of wireless (32 feet or less) Both devices must be Bluetooth enabled Enabled devises will automatically “talk” to each other

and create the connection Enabled devises are constantly sending out radio

signals looking for compatible devises Up to eight devises can use the same Bluetooth devise Wii remote uses Bluetooth technology Limited security

Uses radio waves to transmit data You may have heard a “clicking” in you car speakers

Similar to “walky-talkies” In a theme park you may pick up other conversations

http://www.howstuffworks.com/bluetooth.htm

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30/31) NETWORKS A network 30a(1) connects one computer

to other computers and 30a(2) peripheral devices

enabling you to 30a(3) share data and 30a(4) resources

with others.b) Each networked computer must have a 30b Network

Interface Card (NIC) installed. NIC = 30bi(1) hardware inserted into 30bi(2) expansion slot on the 30bi(3)

motherboard that enables a computer to 30bi(4) connect to a 30bi(5) network.

31) Networks

c) Types of Networks LAN 31ci (Local Area Network)

short-distance network that typically shares printer and storage for a single department or one floor of a building.

WAN 31cii (Wide Area Network) more than one LAN connected together computer network that covers a broad area (any network whose

communications links cross metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries)

d) T1 & T3 Connections

31di(1) leased lines from telephone companies providing extremely

31 di(2) high capacity and 31di(3) speeds for organizations.62

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NETWORK GAMING LAN (Local Area Network)

Connect multiple PC’s together using a network card and/or a router depending on the size of the LAN.

Pro: You are in the same room as your friends.Con: Each player must have their own PC and

software for the game. Internet

Connect multiple payers together over an internet server connection.

Pro: Players can “conceivably” be anywhere in the world.

Con: No internet service no friends.

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32) OTHER COMPONENTSa) 32a Ports - connector that enables you to connect or attach

devices (e.g., printer, scanner, or digital camera) to your computer system.

i. 32ai Serial - communications port to keyboards, modems, and mice

ii. 32aii Parallel - connect devices such as printers and scanners; faster transmission than serial port

iii. Video - connect a monitoriv. USB - 32aiv(1) Universal Serial Bus. Enables USB devices (e.g.,

high-speed modems, scanners, digital cameras, and some printers) to be connected 32aiv(2) together (daisy-chained) and plugged into the USB port on computer so you don’t need 32aiv(3)

multiple expansion cards.v. 32av(1) Firewire - used for digital audio and video; 32av(2) high

speed connection; replaced SCSI

b) Expandabilityi. 32bi Expansion slots - Area in which to add an expansion board

to a computer.ii. Expansion boards - A circuit board that you insert into an

expansion slot; it enables you to 32bii add functionality to your computer. Examples: video, graphics, sound, modems, etc.

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WIFI WiFi uses radio waves to transmit or receive data 802.11n transmits at 2.4 GHz it can handle up to 54 megabits of data per

second and is widely available. 802.11ac is the newest standard. This standard significantly improves

speed and range. You should pick a standard and use that standard for all devices connected

to the network. However, many new devises are “backward compatible” to the 802.11g standard.

Wireless adapter attached to the computer. Wireless router allows you to use wireless signals or Ethernet cables to

connect your computers to one another, to a printer and to the Internet. Most routers provide coverage for about 100 feet (30.5 meters) in all

directions. Security:

WEP (Wired Equivalency Privacy ) is an old standard and not very secure. WPA (WiFi Protected Access )uses temporal key integrity protocol (TKIP)

encryption. As with WEP, WPA security involves signing on with a password. Most public hotspots are either open or use WPA .

Media Access Control (MAC) address filtering is a little different from WEP or WPA. It doesn't use a password to authenticate users -- it uses a computer's physical hardware. Each computer has its own unique MAC address.

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wireless-network.htm

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33. MISCELLANEOUSa) 33a Ergonomics

i. Study of the design of 33ai safe and comfortable office environment. Important in designing computer systems (e.g., ergonomic keyboards) and furniture.

b) 33b Carpal-Tunnel Syndromei. Medical condition, or repetitive-stress injury,

causing pain and numbness in hands and lower arms due to repeated motion. Prevention: adjust chair height, monitor & keyboard placement; take breaks from typing & using the mouse.

c) 33c Surge Protectorsi. Device that guards against 33ci electric spikes;

check rating and capability.

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33. MISCELLANEOUSd) 33d Multi-tasking

i. the apparent simultaneous performance of two or more tasks by a computer's central processing unit

e) GUIi. 33ei Graphical User Interface

ii. a type of user interface item that allows people to interact with programs in more ways than typing

iii. A GUI offers graphical 33eiii icons, and visual indicators, as opposed to text-based interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation to fully represent the information and actions available to a user. The actions are usually performed through direct manipulation of the graphical elements.

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34) TYPES OF COMPUTERS

34a Personal computers (PCs)Definition: “A small,

relatively inexpensive computer designed for an 34ai individual user. In price, personal computers range anywhere from a few hundred dollars to thousands of dollars.” – webopedia.com

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35) TYPES OF COMPUTERS

b) Types of personal computers:

3bi Desktop computers A computer that sits on a desk and has its input and

output devices 35bi1) separate from the system unit.

35bii Notebook (laptop) computers All components are 35bii1) housed in one compact unit Small, mobile computer usually weights 2-7 lbs.

35bii3) Same tasks as a Desktop Computer

35bii4) More expensive than a Desktop Computer

35biii Tablet PCs Similar to a laptop but with a screen that you can write

on with a special device called a 35 b iii 1) stylus

35biv Handheld (Smart Phone) Ex: Palm Pilot, iPhone, iPad, MP3 players Small, 35biv2) very portable, connect to PCs to exchange

information Personal, on-the-go tasks; appointment calendars, to-

do lists, address books, email, short docs

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PICTURE / VIDEO MESSAGING

 Picture messaging (sometimes called photo messaging) is the practice of taking a picture with a built-in camera on a mobile phone or other handheld device and sending it to another mobile device or an e-mail recipient. 

Generally require Unlimited Text Package or Data package from the cellular service provider

Uses SMS technology to send the data. “Pictures worth a thousand word” Privacy issues (Snap-Chat™ has been hacked

and “deleted” photos have been retrieved) http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid40_gci944210,00.html

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TEXT MESSAGING (SMS)

Definition: The acronym SMS stands for short message service. SMS is also often referred to as texting, sending text messages or text messaging. The service allows for short text messages to be sent from one cell phone to another cell phone or from the Web to another cell phone. 

Including spaces, text messages can’t exceed 160 characters.  

http://cellphones.about.com/od/phoneglossary/g/smstextmessage.htm

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36) TYPES OF COMPUTERSc) 36c Workstations

36ci(1) powerful desktop designed for specialized tasks OR personal computer 36ci(2) attached to a network

d)36d ServerA computer or device on a network that 36di

manages network resources (data or software)

72Source: webopedia.com

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37. TYPES OF COMPUTERS

e) 37e Mainframe computers A 37ei(1) very large and 37ei(2) expensive computer capable of supporting

hundreds, or even 37ei(3) thousands, of users 37ei(4) simultaneously.

f) Supercomputers The 37fi fastest type of computer.

Very 37fii expensive Specialized programs that require large amounts of mathematical

calculations Example: 37fiv weather forecasting; oil exploration; nuclear energy

research

g) Main difference between a supercomputer and a mainframe supercomputer puts all its power into running a 37gi single program as

fast as possible mainframe uses its power to execute many programs at the same time

73Source: webopedia.com

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SUPER COMPUTERS

Size and Speed:From a large stack to a small room.TERAFLOP is a trillion operations per second.PETAFLOP is a thousand trillion operations per

second. IBM roadrunner video

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38) COMPUTER SOFTWAREa) 38a Operating software

i. System program and utilities that manage computer resources.

ii. Instructions that tell the computer how to perform the functions of loading, storing, and executing an application program and how to transfer data

iii. Helps the computer 38aiii “boot”1) When a computer is turned on, the operating

system is loaded into the computer’s memory from auxiliary storage, a process called booting

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39. COMPUTER SOFTWAREb) 39b Application software

i. Programs designed for end-users for particular applications/tasks.

ii. Examples: 1) 39bii1) Word processing software

a) Used to create, edit, format, and save documents and other text-based files

b) Examples: Microsoft 39bii1)b) Word, Lotus Word, Corel WordPerfect

2) 39bii2) Spreadsheet software

a) Enables you to perform calculations and other mathematical tasks

b) Examples: Microsoft 39bii2)b) Excel, Lotus 1-2-3, Corel Quattro Pro

3) 39bii3) Database software

a) Used to store and organize large amounts of datab) Examples: Microsoft 39bii3)b) Access, Lotus Approach, Corel

Paradox4) 39bii4) Presentation Graphics software

a) Used to create graphic presentations, known as 39bii4)a) slide shows, that can be shown to large groups by means of an overhead projector or displayed on the Web.

b) Examples: Microsoft 39bii4)b) PowerPoint, Lotus Freelance Graphics, and Corel Presentations

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40) DATABASE SOFTWARE DESIGNa) A Database is a 40a(1) Table of unique

40a(2) information (using a limitation called a primary key). Each record in the Table must be different.

b) A 40b(1) Form is used to 40b(2) enter information into a database

c) 40c(1) Reports are created to 40c(2) view the information from the database

d) 40d(1) Queries are used to 40d(2) search a database for specific information

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41) UTILITY SOFTWAREa) 41a Anti-Virus Software

i. Minimize or prevent damage caused by computer viruses

b) 41b Backupi. Create copy of important files in case of

accidental deletion, virus, damage, etc.

c) 41c File Compressioni. Create file that takes up 41ci less space than

usual; good for sending as e-mail attachment

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42) SOFTWARE ACQUISITION

a) 42a Freewarei. No Costii. Author ownership retainediii. Author can set restrictions, such as

people may use it but not alter and sell it.

b) 42b Public Domaini. Not copyright protectedii. Can be altered for user’s own purposes.

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43. SOFTWARE ACQUISITION (CONTINUED)c) 43c Open Source

i. Variation of freewareii. Machine-readable formatiii. Available for free for the general public to use and

alteriv. Typically programmers improve and share code

with others

d) 43d Sharewarei. Freely distributed for 43di trial period only

ii. Expected to pay for extended use iii. E.g., WinZip & Adobe Dreamweaver

e) 43e Site Licensei. Agreement that allows an organization (such as a

school) to install software on a specific number of machines.

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43. SOFTWARE ACQUISITION (CONTINUED)f) 43f Software Piracy

i. 43fi Illegal copies of copyright-protected softwareii. Reason for expensive softwareiii. 43fiii Stealing income from authors & companies that

produce the software

g) 43g Copyright Protectioni. Definition - “The legal right granted to an author . . . to

exclusive publication, production, sale, distribution of a . . . work” (dictionary.com).

ii. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (Oct. 1998) extends © protection to software.

iii. Purposes - Software developers spend time & money developing software. It is their right to expect payment for the use of it.

iv. Implications: 43giv Copying software from friends & family is © infringement.

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44/45) MALWAREa) 44a Viruses

i. Malicious codes or programs that are usually installed on your computer without your knowledge and against your wishes.

ii. Viruses can:1) Be just a 44aii1) nuisance (example: copying itself and filling up your hard

drive)2) Cause files to be 44aii2) corrupted or erased

3) 44aii3) Shut down the computer

4) 44aii4) Erase the entire hard drive

5) 44aii5) Replicate itself

6) 44aii6) Send e-mails to your address book contacts infecting their computers

7) Clogs communication networks (e.g., e-mail)8) 44aii8) Disables operating programs (e.g., Windows)

9) Results in data damage and lost productivity time.

45. Malwareiii. Viruses 45i spread through infected programs.

1) 45i1) E-mail attachments are the most common way of spreading a virus.

2) Downloading an infected file will give your computer the virus.

iv. Types of viruses:1) 45ii1) Logic bomb

a) Waits for a specific 45ii1)a) action, such as entering a password

2) 45ii2) Time bomb

a) Runs on a particular date or time

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46. MALWARE

b) 46b Wormsi. Subclass of virusii. Has the capability to travel without any human actioniii. Due to the copying nature of a worm and its capability to travel across

networks the end result in most cases is that the worm consumes too much 46biii(1) system memory (or network bandwidth), causing Web servers, network servers and individual computers to 46biii(2) stop responding.

c) 46c Trojan horsesi. At first glance will 46ci appear to be useful software but will actually do

damage once installed or run on your computer. ii. Trojans are designed to be more annoying than malicious (like changing

your desktop, adding silly active desktop icons) or they can cause serious damage by deleting files and destroying information on your system.

iii. Trojans are also known to create a backdoor on your computer that gives malicious users access to your system, possibly allowing confidential or personal information to be compromised.

iv. Trojans do not reproduce by infecting other files nor do they self-replicate.

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47. MALWARE

d) Protectioni. 47di Update your operating software (Windows)

ii. Install and update Anti-virus software1) Anti-virus software prevents or minimizes damage

caused by viruses2) Must be updated in order to get rid of new viruses3) Examples:

a) 47dii3)a) Norton Anti-Virus

b) 47dii3)b) McAfee

iii. 47diii Firewalls1) Limits 47diii1) access to computers

2) Can be 47diii2)(1) hardware or 47diii2)(2) software

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48) SECURITY CONCERNS

a) 48a Authenticationi. Makes sure user requesting access is

authorized to do so

b) Password Guidelinesi. Choose carefullyii. Mix and match letters and numbersiii. Change passwords ofteniv. Remember your passwords!v. Keep passwords confidential.

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c) 48c Biometric Securityi. Technology that uses biological features, such

as face-scanning, iris scanning, and fingerprints to verify authorization

ii. Increasing implemented since 9-11.

d) 48d Encryptioni. Process converts data into indecipherable

code to protect sensitive information, such as credit card numbers when making purchases on the Internet.

48. SECURITY CONCERNS


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