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Page 1: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

Chapter 1:

Introduction to the World ofComputers

Page 2: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition2

Learning Objectives

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Explain why it is essential to learn about computerstoday and discuss several ways computers areintegrated into our business and personal lives.Define a computer and describe its primaryoperations.List some important milestones in computerevolution.Identify the major parts of a personal computer,including input, processing, output, storage, andcommunications hardware.Define software and understand how it is used toinstruct the computer what to do.

Page 3: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

Learning Objectives

6.

7.

8.

9.

List the six basic types of computers, giving at leastone example of each type of computer and statingwhat that computer might be used for.Explain what a network, the Internet, and the WorldWide Web are, as well as how computers, people, andWeb pages are identified on the Internet.Describe how to access a Web page and navigatethrough a Web site.Discuss the societal impact of computers, includingsome benefits and risks related to their prominencein our society.

Page 4: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition4

Overview

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This chapter covers:What computers are, how they work, and how theyare usedComputer terminologyAn overview of the history of computersThe basic types of computers in use todayAn overview of networks and the InternetSocietal impacts of computers

Page 5: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition5

Computers in Your Life

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••

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Why learn about computers?Pervasive computing

Also known as ubiquitous computingComputers have become an integral part of ourlives

Basic computer literacyKnowing about and understanding computersand their uses is an essential skill today foreveryone

Page 6: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition6

Computers in Your Life

•–––

•––

•–

Before 1980Computers were large, expensiveVery few people had access to themComputers were mostly used for high-volume processingtasks

Microcomputers in the early 80sInexpensive personal computersComputer use increased dramatically

TodayMore than 80% of US households include a computer, andmost use computers at workElectronic devices are converging into single units withmultiple capabilities

Page 7: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition7

Computers in the Home

•––––––––

Computers used for a variety of tasks:Looking up information and newsExchanging e-mailShopping and paying billsWatching TV and videosDownloading music and moviesOrganizing digital photographsPlaying gamesTelecommuting

Page 8: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition8

Computers in the Home

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ConvergenceThe computer has become the central part ofhome entertainmentDual-mode mobile phones

Wireless networkingComputers can be used in nearly any location

Smart appliancesTraditional appliances with built-in computer orcommunication technology

Smart homesHousehold tasks are monitored and controlled bya main computer in the house

Page 9: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition9

Computers in the Home

Page 10: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition10

Computers in Education

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Many students today have access to computerseither in a classroom or a computer labColleges and universities are even more integrated

Wireless hotspots allow usage of personal laptopsto connect to the college networkSome colleges require a computer for enrollment

Distance learningStudents participate from locations other than thetraditional classroom setting using computers andInternet access

Page 11: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition11

Computers in Education

Page 12: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition12

Computers on the Job

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Computers have become a universal on-the-job toolfor decision-making, productivity, andcommunication

Used by all types of employeesUsed for access control and other securitymeasuresUse by service professionals is growingUsed extensively by the militaryEmployees in all lines of work need to continuallyrefresh their computer skills

Page 13: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition13

Computers on the Job

Page 14: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition14

Computers on the Go

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Computers are encountered in nearly every aspect ofdaily life

Consumer kiosksATM transactionsPOS systems at retail storesSelf-checkout systemsPortable computers or mobile devicesM-commerce systemsGPS systems

Page 15: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition15

Computers on the Go

Page 16: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition16

What Is a Computer and What Does It Do?

•–––––

Computer: A programmable, electronic device thataccepts data, performs operations on that data, andstores the data or results as needed

Computers follow instructions, called programs, whichdetermine the tasks the computer will perform

Basic operationsInput: Entering data into the computerProcessing: Performing operations on the dataOutput: Presenting the resultsStorage: Saving data, programs, or output for future useCommunications: Sending or receiving data

Page 17: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition17

What Is a Computer and What Does It Do?

Page 18: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition18

Data vs. Information

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DataRaw, unorganized factsCan be in the form of text, graphics, audio, orvideo

InformationData that has been processed into a meaningfulform

Information processingConverting data into information

Page 19: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition19

Computers Then and Now

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The computer as we know it is a fairly recentinventionThe history of computers is often referred to in termsof generationsEach new generation is characterized by a majortechnological developmentPrecomputers and early computers (before 1946)

Abacus, slide rule, mechanical calculatorPunch Card Tabulating Machine and Sorter

19

Page 20: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition20

Computers Then and Now

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First-generation computers (1946-1957)Enormous and powered by vacuum tubesUsed a great deal of electricity, and generated alot of heatENIAC and UNIVAC

Second-generation computers (1958-1963)Used transistorsComputers were smaller, more powerful, cheaper,more energy-efficient, and more reliablePunch cards and magnetic tape were used toinput and store data

Page 21: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition21

Computers Then and Now

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Third-generation computers (1964-1970)Used integrated circuits (ICs)Keyboards and monitors introduced

Fourth-generation computers (1971-present)Use microprocessorsIBM PC, Apple MacintoshUse keyboards, mice, monitors, and printersUse magnetic disks, flash memory, and opticaldisks for storageComputer networks, wireless technologies,Internet introduced

Page 22: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition22

Computers Then and Now

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Fifth-generation (now and the future)Infancy stageNo precise classificationMay be based on artificial intelligence (AI)Likely use voice and touch inputMay be based on optical computers and utilizenanotechnology

Page 23: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition23

Computers Then and Now

Page 24: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition24

Hardware

•–

–••

Hardware: The physical parts of a computerInternal hardware

Located inside the main box (system unit) ofthe computer

External hardwareLocated outside the system unitConnect to the computer via a wired orwireless connection

There is hardware associated with all fivecomputer operations

Page 25: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition25

Hardware

Page 26: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition26

Hardware

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Input devicesUsed to input data into the computerKeyboards, mice, scanners, cameras,microphones, joysticks, touch pads, touch screens,fingerprint readers, etc.

Processing devicesPerform calculations and control computer’soperationCentral processing unit (CPU) and memory

Output devicesPresent results to the userMonitors, printers, speakers, projectors, etc.

Page 27: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition27

Hardware

•–

•–

Storage devicesUsed to store data on or access data from storagemediaHard drives, CD/DVD discs and drives, USB flashdrives, etc.

Communications devicesAllow users to communicate with others and toelectronically access remote informationModems, network adapters, etc.

Page 28: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition28

Hardware

Page 29: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition29

Software

••

Software: The programs or instructions used to tellthe computer hardware what to do

System software: Operating system starts up thecomputer and controls its operation

Without OS computer cannot functionBoots the computer and launches programs atthe user’s directionMost use a GUI to interact with the user viawindows, icons, menus, buttons, etc.Windows, Mac OS, Linux, etc.

Page 30: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition30

Software

Page 31: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition31

Application Software

•••••••••

Application software: Performs specific tasks orapplications

Creating letters, budgets, etc.Managing inventory and customer databasesEditing photographsScheduling appointmentsViewing Web pagesSending and receiving e-mailRecording / playing CDs/DVDsDesigning homesPlaying games

Page 32: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition32

Software

Page 33: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition33

Computer Users and Professionals

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Computer users (end users): People who use acomputer to obtain informationComputer professionals include:

ProgrammersSystems analystsComputer operations personnelSecurity specialists

Page 34: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition34

Quick Quiz

1. Which of the following was not a first generationcomputer?a. IBM PCb. UNIVACc. ENIAC

2. True or False: A window displayed when thecomputer needs more information from the user iscalled a dialog box.

3. Speakers are an example of a(n) _____________ device.Answers:1) a; 2) True; 3) output

Page 35: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition35

Computers to Fit Every Need

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Six basic categories of computers:Embedded computersMobile devicesPersonal computersMidrange serversMainframe computersSupercomputers

Page 36: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition36

Embedded Computers

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Embedded computer: Embedded into a product anddesigned to perform specific tasks or functions forthat productCannot be used as general-purpose

computersOften embedded into:

Household appliancesThermostatsSewing machinesA/V equipmentCars

Page 37: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition37

Mobile Devices

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Mobile device: A very small device withsome type of built-in computing orInternet capabilityTypically based on mobile phonesTypically have small screens andkeyboardsExamples:

SmartphonesHandheld gaming devicesPortable digital media players

Page 38: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition38

Personal Computers (PCs)

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Personal computer: A small computer designed to beused by one person at a time

Also called a microcomputerRange in size from desktop computers to UMPC’s

Desktop computers: Fit on or next to a deskCan use tower case, desktop case, or all-in-oneCan be PC-compatible orMacintoshNot designed to beportable

Page 39: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition39

Portable Computers

Notebook (laptop) computers: Typically useclamshell designTablet computers: Canbe slate tablets orconvertible tabletsNetbooks: Smallnotebooks; rapidlygrowing type of PCUltra-mobile PCs (UMPCs):Handheld computers

Page 40: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition40

Thin Clients and Internet Appliances

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Thin client or network computer (NC): Devicedesigned to access a network for processing anddata storage

Lower cost, increased security and easiermaintenanceLimited or no local storageNot able to function as a computer if network isdown

Internet appliance: Specialized network computerdesigned for Internet access and/or e-mail exchange

Often set-top boxesCan include Internet-enabled gaming consoles

Page 41: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition41

Thin Clients and Internet Appliances

Page 42: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition42

Midrange Servers

Midrange server: A medium-sized computer usedto host programs and data for a small network

Users connect via a network with acomputer, thin client, or dumb terminalMay consist of a collectionof individual circuit boardscalled bladesVirtualization: Creatingvirtual environments (oftenused to share a server forincreased efficiency)

Page 43: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition43

Mainframe Computers

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Mainframe computer: Powerful computer used byseveral large organizations to manage large amountsof centralized data

Standard choice for large organizations, hospitals,universities, large businesses, banks, governmentofficesLocated in climate-controlled data centers andconnected to the rest of the company computersvia a networkLarger, more expensive, and more powerful thanmidrange serversUsually operate 24 hours a dayAlso called high-end servers or enterprise-classservers

Page 44: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition44

Mainframe Computers

Page 45: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition45

Supercomputers

Supercomputer: Fastest, most expensive, mostpowerful type of computer

Generally run one program at a time, as fast aspossibleCommonly built by connecting hundreds ofsmaller computers, supercomputing clusterUsed for space exploration, missile guidance,satellites, weather forecast, oil exploration,scientific research, complex Web sites, decisionsupport systems, 3D applications, etc.

Page 46: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition46

Supercomputers

Page 47: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition47

Quick Quiz

1. A tablet PC is an example of a(n) _____________.a. Desktop computerb. Portable PCc. Internet appliance

2. True or False: The terms mainframe computer andsupercomputer are interchangeable; both refer tothe largest, most powerful computers.

3. A smartphone is an example of a(n) _____________.Answers:1) b; 2) False; 3) mobile device

Page 48: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

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Computer Networks and the Internet

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Computer network: A collection of hardware andother devices that are connected together.

Users can share hardware, software, and dataUsers can communicate with each other

Network servers: Manage resources on a networkClients: Access resources through the network serverComputer networks exist in many sizes and types

Home networksSchool and small business networksLarge corporatePublic wireless networksThe Internet

Page 49: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition49

Computer Networks and the Internet

Page 50: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition50

What Are the Internet and theWorld Wide Web?

Internet: The largest and most well-known computernetwork in the worldIndividuals connect to the Internet using an Internetservice provider (ISP)World Wide Web: One resource (a vast collection ofWeb pages) available through the Internet

Web sites contain Web pages stored on WebserversWeb pages viewed using a Web browser (InternetExplorer, Chrome, Safari, Firefox, Opera, etc.)

A wide variety of information is available through theWeb

Page 51: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition51

What Are the Internet and theWorld Wide Web?

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Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition52

Accessing a Network or the Internet

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Need a modem or network adapterSome networks require a username and passwordInternet connections can be:

Direct (always-on) connectionsDial-up connections

Internet addresses are used to access resources onthe Internet

IP address: Numeric address that identifies computers(207.46.197.32)

Domain name: Text-based address that identifiescomputers (microsoft.com)Uniform resource locator (URL): Identifies Web pages(http://twitter.com/jobs/index.html)

E-mail address: Identifies people for e-mail exchange([email protected])

Page 53: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition53

IP Addresses and Domain Names

IP addresses are numeric anduniqueDomain names: Correspond toIP addresses

Top-level domains (TLDs)identifies type of organizationor its location

Custom TLDs may soon beallowed

Page 54: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition54

Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)

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••

URL: Uniquely identifies a Web pageConsists of:

Protocol or standard being usedIdentification of the Web serverNames of folders in which the Web page file isstoredWeb page’s filename

Protocols:Hypertext Transfer Protocol (http://) is typicallyused to display Web pages (https:// is used forsecure Web pages)File Transfer Protocol (ftp://) is often used for fileexchange

Page 55: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition55

Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)

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Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition56

E-Mail Addresses

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E-mail addresses consist of:Username: A person’s identifying name for aparticular domainThe @ symbolDomain name for the computer that will behandling the person’s e-mail (mail server)

Pronouncing Internet addresses

Page 57: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition57

Surfing the Web

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Web browser: Used to display Web pagesBrowser starting or home page: The first pagedisplayed when the browser is openedTo navigate to a Web page, you can:

Type a URL in the Address barClick a hyperlink on a displayed Web pageSelect a Favorite/Bookmark or page from theHistory list

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Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition58

Surfing the Web

Page 59: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition59

Searching the Web

Search site: Web page that helps you find Web pagescontaining the information you are seeking

Typically search using keywords • Reference sites: Lookup addresses,telephone numbers,ZIP codes, maps, etc.

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Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition60

Online Video

“Searching the Web on Your iPhone”(click below to start video)

Reminder: The complete set of online videos and video podcasts are available at:www.cengage.com/computerconcepts/np/uc13

Courtesy of Google Inc.

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Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition61

E-Mail

Electronic mail (e-mail):electronic messagesexchanged betweencomputers on anetwork

Can be conventionalor Web-basedCan contain photos,attached files, etc.

Page 62: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition62

Computers and Society

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The vast improvements in technology over the pastdecade have had a distinct impact on daily life, bothat home and at workMany benefits of a computer-oriented society:

Ability to design products before constructionleads to safer productsEarlier medical diagnosesDevices that allow challenged people to performjob tasksDocuments e-mailed or faxed in momentsDownload information, music, programs, movies,and more on demand

Page 63: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

Computers and Society

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••

Computer-oriented society also has risksComputer viruses and malwareIdentity theft and phishingPrivacy issues

Differences in online communicationsLess formal than traditionalNetiquetteEmoticons

The anonymity factorInformation Integrity

Check your source, not all information on the Internet isaccurate.

Page 64: Computers Chapter 1: Introduction to the World of · Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Learning Objectives 6. 7. 8. 9. List the six basic types of computers,

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition64

Quick Quiz

1. Index.html is an example of a(n) _____________.a. URLb. IP addressc. Web page filename

2. True or False: All information published to Web pagesis accurate.

3. In the e-mail address [email protected], abc.com isthe _____________.

 Answers:1) c; 2) False; 3) domain name

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Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition65

Summary

•••••

Computers in Your LifeWhat Is a Computer and What Does It DoComputers to Fit Every NeedComputer Networks and the InternetComputers and Society


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