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Page 1: Chapter 18 Endocrine System. Anatomy and Physiology Review Hypothalamus Pituitary glands Gonads Adrenal glands Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Pancreas.

Chapter 18 Endocrine System

Page 2: Chapter 18 Endocrine System. Anatomy and Physiology Review Hypothalamus Pituitary glands Gonads Adrenal glands Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Pancreas.

Endocrine System

Page 3: Chapter 18 Endocrine System. Anatomy and Physiology Review Hypothalamus Pituitary glands Gonads Adrenal glands Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Pancreas.

Anatomy and Physiology Review

• Hypothalamus• Pituitary glands• Gonads• Adrenal glands• Thyroid gland• Parathyroid gland• Pancreas

Page 4: Chapter 18 Endocrine System. Anatomy and Physiology Review Hypothalamus Pituitary glands Gonads Adrenal glands Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Pancreas.

Hormone-Receptor Binding

Page 5: Chapter 18 Endocrine System. Anatomy and Physiology Review Hypothalamus Pituitary glands Gonads Adrenal glands Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Pancreas.

Positive and Negative Feedback System

Page 6: Chapter 18 Endocrine System. Anatomy and Physiology Review Hypothalamus Pituitary glands Gonads Adrenal glands Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Pancreas.

Negative Feedback• Gland X releases hormone X this stimulates target cells to

release hormone Y• When there is an excess of hormone Y gland X senses this and

inhibits it release of hormone X

Page 7: Chapter 18 Endocrine System. Anatomy and Physiology Review Hypothalamus Pituitary glands Gonads Adrenal glands Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Pancreas.

Hypothalamus

Page 8: Chapter 18 Endocrine System. Anatomy and Physiology Review Hypothalamus Pituitary glands Gonads Adrenal glands Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Pancreas.

Endocrine Glands: Adrenal Glands• Adrenal cortex—mineralocorticoids (aldosterone),

corticosteroids (cortisol)• Adrenal medulla—catecholamines (norepinephrine and

epinephrine)

Page 9: Chapter 18 Endocrine System. Anatomy and Physiology Review Hypothalamus Pituitary glands Gonads Adrenal glands Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Pancreas.

Thyroid Gland • Control of metabolism• Calcium and phosphorus balance

Page 10: Chapter 18 Endocrine System. Anatomy and Physiology Review Hypothalamus Pituitary glands Gonads Adrenal glands Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Pancreas.

Parathyroid Gland• Parathyroid hormone (PTH)• Calcium• Phosphorous

Page 11: Chapter 18 Endocrine System. Anatomy and Physiology Review Hypothalamus Pituitary glands Gonads Adrenal glands Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Pancreas.

Pancreas

Page 12: Chapter 18 Endocrine System. Anatomy and Physiology Review Hypothalamus Pituitary glands Gonads Adrenal glands Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Pancreas.

Assessment Methods• Patient history

• Nutrition history

• Family history

• Genetic risk

• Current health problems

Page 13: Chapter 18 Endocrine System. Anatomy and Physiology Review Hypothalamus Pituitary glands Gonads Adrenal glands Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Pancreas.

Assessment Methods • Current health problems including any changes in:• Energy levels• Elimination• Sexual and reproductive functions• Physical appearance

Page 14: Chapter 18 Endocrine System. Anatomy and Physiology Review Hypothalamus Pituitary glands Gonads Adrenal glands Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Pancreas.

Physical Assessment• Examine for:• Prominent forehead or jaw• Round or puffy face• Dull or flat expression• Exophthalmos• Vitiligo• Abdominal Striae• Hirsutism

Page 15: Chapter 18 Endocrine System. Anatomy and Physiology Review Hypothalamus Pituitary glands Gonads Adrenal glands Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Pancreas.

PalpationOnly gland that can be palpated

Page 16: Chapter 18 Endocrine System. Anatomy and Physiology Review Hypothalamus Pituitary glands Gonads Adrenal glands Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Pancreas.

Laboratory Tests• Stimulation/suppression tests

• Assays• Allows for many different hormones to be analyzed at the same

time

• Urine tests• 24 hour

• Tests for glucose• HbA1C

• Imaging assessment

• Other diagnostic assessment• Needle biopsy

Page 17: Chapter 18 Endocrine System. Anatomy and Physiology Review Hypothalamus Pituitary glands Gonads Adrenal glands Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Pancreas.

Review Chapter 18 Study Guide


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