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Page 1: Casualty Evacuation

081-831-1054 (SL2) – Evacuate Casualties

Page 2: Casualty Evacuation

What are the Conditions?

You are a soldier deployed to a unit in a forward area. There are casualties that must be evacuated to receive

medical aid. These casualties have had self-aid or buddy-aid applied. A military vehicle (ground vehicle or rotary-wing aircraft) is available. You may have a litter and straps (or materials to improvise them) to secure

the casualty and other soldiers available to assist in the evacuation.

Page 3: Casualty Evacuation

What is the Task?

To transport the casualties to medical aid or a pickup site using an appropriate carry or, if

other soldiers are available, by litter. The litter must be loaded onto a military vehicle (ground

vehicle or rotary-wing aircraft) without dropping or causing further injury to the

casualty.

Page 4: Casualty Evacuation

What are the Performance Steps?

1. Request medical evacuation. (See Task 081-831-0101.)

2. Transport a casualty using the one and two man carries. (See STP 21-1-SMCT, Task 081-831-1046.)

3. Move a casualty, if necessary, using a four-man litter squad.

4. Load casualties onto a military vehicle.

Page 5: Casualty Evacuation

081-831-0101 (SL2) - Requesting Medical Evacuation

Standards: Transmitted a MEDEVAC request, providing all necessary information within 25

seconds. Transmitting at a minimum, line numbers 1 through 5 during the initial contact with the

evacuation unit. And then transmitting lines 6 through 9 while the aircraft or vehicle was en route, if not

included during initial contact.

Page 6: Casualty Evacuation

Steps to Request Medical Evacuation

1. Collect all applicable information needed for the MEDEVAC request.

a. Determine the grid coordinates for the pickup site.

b. Obtain radio frequency, call sign, and suffix.

c. Obtain the number of patients and precedence.

d. Determine the type of special equipment required.

e. Determine the number and type (litter or ambulatory) of patients.

f. Determine the security of the pickup site.

g. Determine how the pickup site will be marked.

h. Determine patient nationality and status.

i. Obtain pickup site nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC*) contamination information normally obtained from the senior person or medic.

(*Note: NBC line 9 information is only included when contamination exists.)

Page 7: Casualty Evacuation

Steps to Request Medical Evacuation (Cont.)

2. Record the gathered MEDEVAC information using the authorized brevity codes. (See table 081-831-0101-1.)

a. Location of pickup site (line 1). (See STP 21-1-SMCT, Task 071-329-1006.)

b. Radio frequency, call sign, and suffix (line 2). (See STP 21-1-SMCT, Task 113-637-2001.)

c. Numbers of patients by precedence (line 3).

d. Special equipment required (line 4).

e. Number of patients by type (line 5).

f. Security of pickup site (line 6).

g. Method of marking pickup site (line 7).

h. Patient nationality and status (line 8).

i. NBC contamination (line 9).

Page 8: Casualty Evacuation

Steps to Request Medical Evacuation (Cont.)

3. Transmit the MEDEVAC request. (Part A)

a. Contact the unit that controls the evacuation assets.

(1) Make proper contact with the intended receiver.

(2) Use effective call sign and frequency assignments from the SOI.

(3) Give the following in the clear "I HAVE A MEDEVAC REQUEST"; wait one to three seconds for response. If no response, repeat the statement.

3. Transmit the MEDEVAC request. (Part B)

b. Transmit the MEDEVAC information in the proper sequence.

(1) State all line item numbers in clear text. The call sign and suffix (if needed) in line 2 may be transmitted in the clear.

(2) Follow the procedure provided in the explanation column of the MEDEVAC request format to transmit other required information.

(3) Pronounce letters and numbers in accordance with appropriate radiotelephone procedures.

(4) Take no longer than 25 seconds to transmit.

(5) End the transmission by stating "OVER."

(6) Keep the radio on and listen for additional instructions or contact from the evacuation unit.

Page 9: Casualty Evacuation

Line 1- Location of Pickup Site

Explanation:

Encrypt the grid coordinates of the pickup site. When using the DRYAD Numeral Cipher, the

same "SET" line will be used to encrypt the grid zone letters and the coordinates. To preclude

misunderstanding, a statement is made that grid zone letters are included in the message (unless

unit SOP specifies its use at all times).

Where to/How to Obtain:

From Map

Reason:

Required so evacuation vehicle knows where to pick up patient. Also, so the unit coordinating the

evacuation mission can plan the route for the evacuation vehicle (if the evacuation vehicle must

pick up from more than one location).

Providers:

Unit Leader(s)

Page 10: Casualty Evacuation

Line 2 - Radio Frequency, Call Sign, and Suffix

Explanation:

Encrypt the frequency of the radio at the pickup site, not a relay frequency. The call sign (and suffix if used) of person to be contacted at the

pickup site may be transmitted in the clear.Where to/How to Obtain:

From SOI

Reason:

Required so evacuation vehicle can contact requesting unit while en route (obtain additional information or change in situation or directions).Providers:

RTO

Page 11: Casualty Evacuation

Line 3 - Number of Patients by Precedence

Explanation:

Report only applicable information and encrypt the brevity codes:

A - Urgent.

B - Urgent-Surgical.

C - Priority.

D - Routine.

E - Convenience.

If two or more categories must be reported in the same request, insert the word "BREAK" between

each category.

Where to/How to Obtain:

From Evaluation of Patient(s)

Reason:

Required by unit controlling the evacuation vehicles to assist in prioritizing missions

Providers:

Medic or Senior Person Present

Page 12: Casualty Evacuation

Line 4 - Special Equipment Required

Explanation:

Encrypt the applicable brevity codes:

A - None.

B - Hoist.

C - Extraction equipment.

D - Ventilator.

Where to/How to Obtain:From Evaluation of Patient/Situation

Providers:

Medic or Senior Person Present

Reason:

Required so equipment can be placed on board evacuation vehicle prior to the start of mission.

Page 13: Casualty Evacuation

Line 5 - Number of Patients by Type

Where to/How to Obtain:From Evaluation of Patient/Situation

Providers:

Medic or Senior Person Present

Reason:

Required so appropriate number of evacuation vehicles may be dispatched to pickup site. They should be configured to carry patients requiring

evacuation.

Explanation:

Report only applicable information and encrypt the brevity code. If requesting MEDEVAC for both types, insert the word "BREAK" between the litter entry and ambulatory entry.

L+# of Patient - Litter

A+# of Patient - Ambulatory (sitting)

Page 14: Casualty Evacuation

Line 6 - Security of Pickup Site (Wartime)

Explanation:

N - No enemy troops in area.

P - Possible enemy troops in area (approach with caution).

E - Enemy troops in area (approach with caution).

X - Enemy troops in area (armed escort required).

Where to/How to Obtain:From Evaluation of Situation

Providers:

Unit Leader

Reason:

Required to assist the evacuation crew in assessing

the situation and determining if assistance is required.

More definitive guidance can be furnished the

evacuation vehicle while it is en route (specific

location or enemy to assist an aircraft in planning its

approach).

Page 15: Casualty Evacuation

Line 6 - Number and Type of Wound, Injury, or Illness (Peacetime)

Explanation:

Specific information regarding patient wounds by type

(gunshot or shrapnel). Report serious bleeding,

along with patient blood type, if known.

Where to/How to Obtain:From Evaluation of Patient

Providers:

Medic or Senior Person Present

Reason:

Required to assist evacuation personnel in

determining treatment and special equipment needed.

Page 16: Casualty Evacuation

Line 7 - Method of Marking Pickup Site

Explanation:

Encrypt the brevity codes.

A - Panels.

B - Pyrotechnic signal.

C - Smoke signal.

D - None.

E - Other.

Where to/How to Obtain:Based on Situation and Availability

of Materials

Providers:

Medic or Senior Person Present

Reason:

Required to assist the evacuation

crew in identifying the specific

location of the pickup. Note that the

color of the panels or smoke

should not be transmitted until the

evacuation vehicle contacts the

unit (just prior to its arrival). For

security, the crew should identify

the color and the unit should verify

it.

Page 17: Casualty Evacuation

Line 8 - Patient Nationality and Status

Explanation:

The number of patients in each category need not be transmitted. Encrypt only the applicable brevity

codes.

A - U.S. military.

B - U.S. civilian.

C - Non-U.S. military.

D - Non-U.S. civilian.

E - EPW

Reason:

Required to assist in planning for

destination facilities and need for

guards. Unit requesting support

should ensure there is an English-

speaking representative at the

pickup site.

Where to/How to Obtain:From Evaluation of Patient

Providers:

Medic or Senior Person Present

Page 18: Casualty Evacuation

Line 9 - NBC Contamination (Wartime)

Explanation:

Include this line only when applicable. Encrypt the applicable

brevity codes.

N - Nuclear.

B - Biological.

C - Chemical.Where to/How to Obtain:

From Situation

Providers:

Medic or Senior Person Present Reason:

Required to assist in planning for

the mission. (Determine which

evacuation vehicle will accomplish

the mission and when it will be

accomplished.)

Page 19: Casualty Evacuation

Line 9 - Terrain Description (Peacetime)

Where to/How to Obtain:From Area Survey

Providers:

Personnel at site

Reason:

Required to allow evacuation

personnel to assess route/avenue

of approach into area. Of particular

importance if hoist operation is

required.

Explanation:

Include details of terrain features in

and around proposed landing site.

If possible, describe relationship of

site to prominent terrain feature

(lake, mountain, tower).

Page 20: Casualty Evacuation

Transporting a Casualty Using 1 & 2 Man Carries

a. Fireman's carry. Use for an unconscious or severely injured casualty.

b. Support carry. Use for a casualty who is able to walk or hop on one leg.

c. Arms carry. Use for short distances only, for a casualty who is unable to walk.

d. Saddleback carry. Use for a conscious casualty only.

Page 21: Casualty Evacuation

Transporting a Casualty Using 1 & 2 Man Carries (Cont.)

e. Pack-strap carry. Use for carrying a casualty moderate distances.

f. Pistol-belt carry. Use for long distances. This carry allows the hands of the casualty and bearer to be free.

g. Pistol-belt drag. Use in combat, generally for short distances.

h. Neck drag. Use in combat, generally for short distances.

Page 22: Casualty Evacuation

Transporting a Casualty Using 1 & 2 Man Carries (Cont.)

i. Cradle-drop drag. Use to move a casualty who cannot walk when being moved up or down stairs.

j. Two-man support carry. Use for both conscious and unconscious casualties.

k. Two-man arms carry. Use for moderate distances and for placing a casualty on a litter.

l. Two-man fore-and-aft carry. Use for long distances and for placing a casualty on a litter.

Page 23: Casualty Evacuation

Transporting a Casualty Using 1 & 2 Man Carries (Cont.)

m. Two-hand seat carry. Use for carrying a casualty short distances and for placing him on a litter.

n. Four-hand seat carry. Use for moderate distances for a casualty who is conscious and can stand but not walk. Can be used to place a casualty on a litter and is especially useful in transporting a casualty with a head or foot injury.

o. Use litters if materials are available, if the casualty must be moved a long distance, or if manual carries will cause further injury.

Page 24: Casualty Evacuation

Moving a Casualty, and if necessary, Using a 4-Man Litter Squad.

a. Prepare the litter.

(1) Open a standard litter.

(2) Lock the spreader bars at each end of the litter with your foot.

b. Prepare the casualty.

(1) Place the casualty onto the litter using the modified two-man arms carry or the modified two-man fore-and-aft carry.

(2) Secure the casualty to the litter with litter straps.

Page 25: Casualty Evacuation

Moving a Casualty, and if necessary, Using a 4-Man Litter Squad. (Cont.)

c. Lift the litter.

(1) Position one squad member at each litter handle with the litter squad leader at the casualty's right shoulder.

(2) On the preparatory command, "PREPARE TO LIFT," the four bearers kneel beside and grasp the litter handles.

(3) On the command, "LIFT," all bearers rise together.

(4) On the command, "FOUR MAN CARRY, MOVE," all bearers walk forward in unison.

(a) If the casualty does not have a fractured leg, carry the casualty feet first on level ground and head first when going up hill.

(b) If the casualty has a fractured leg, carry the casualty head first, except when going up hill.

(5) To change direction of movement, such as from feet first to head first, begin in a litter-post carry position. The front and back bearers release the litter and the middle bearers rotate the litter and themselves.

Page 26: Casualty Evacuation

Loading Casualties Onto a Military Vehicle

Ground Ambulance:

(1) Make sure each litter casualty is secured to his or her litter. (Use litter straps when available.)

(2) Load the most serious casualty last.

(3) Load the casualty head first (head in the direction of travel) rather than feet first.

(4) Make sure each litter is secured to the vehicle.

Page 27: Casualty Evacuation

Loading Casualties Onto a Military Vehicle (Cont.)

Air Ambulance:(1) Remain 50 yards from the helicopter until the litter squad is signaled to approach the aircraft.

(2) Approach the aircraft in full view of the aircraft crew, maintaining visual confirmation that the crew is aware of the approach of the litter party. Ensure that the aircrew can continue to visually distinguish friendly from enemy personnel at all times. Maintain a low silhouette when approaching the aircraft.

(3) Approach UH-60/UH-1 aircraft from the sides. Do not approach from the front or rear. If you must move to the opposite side of the aircraft, approach from the side to the skin of the aircraft. Then, hug the skin of the aircraft, and move around the front of the aircraft to the other side.

(4) Load the most seriously injured casualty last.

(5) Load the casualty who will occupy the upper birth first, then load the next litter casualty immediately under the first casualty.

(6) When casualties are placed lengthwise, position them with their heads toward the direction of travel.

(7) Make sure each litter casualty is secured to his or her litter.

(8) Make sure each litter is secured to the aircraft.

Page 28: Casualty Evacuation

Loading Casualties Onto a Military Vehicle (Cont.)

Ground Military Vehicles:(1) When loading casualties into the vehicle, load the most seriously injured

casualty last.

(2) When a casualty is placed lengthwise, load the casualty with his or her head pointing forward, toward the direction of travel.

(3) Ensure each litter casualty is secured to the litter. (Use litter straps, if available.)

(4) Secure each litter to the vehicle as it is loaded into place. Make sure each litter is secured.

(5) Watch the casualties closely for life-threatening conditions and provide first aid, as necessary. (See STP 21-1-SMCT, Task 081-831-1000.)

Page 29: Casualty Evacuation

Performance Measures

Required Steps:1. Requested medical evacuation (not measured). (See

Task 081-831-0101.)

2. Transported a casualty using one- and two-man carries, if necessary (not measured). (See STP 21-1-SMCT, Task 081-831-1046.)

3. Moved a casualty using a four-man litter squad, if necessary.

a. Prepared the litter.

b. Prepared the casualty.

c. Lifted the litter.

4. Loaded casualties onto a military vehicle.

a. Ground ambulance.

b. Air ambulance.

c. Ground military vehicles.

GO NO GO


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