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Rajiv Gandhi University
Of Knowledge Technologies
COURSE STRUCTURE
&
SYLLABUS
FOR
Major of B.Tech in any branch and Minor in Biology
With effect for 2010-2011
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Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge technologies
Syllabus for Major of B.Tech in any branch and Minor in Biology
Year/Sem
Course
and
Paper No
Course
codeStream Course Title
Pre
requisite
No of
modules
II year/
1st
sem
Core
course
Paper-I
BI 2001 AllCell Biology, Biodiversity,
and Biometry36
II year/
2nd
Sem
Core
Course
Paper-II
BI 2002 AllBiochemistry, Molecular
Biology and Genetics36
III Year/
1st
Sem
Core
Course
Paper-III
BI 3001 All
Immunology, cell culture,
Micro Biology, genetic
engineering,
Bioinformatics
36
III Year/
2nd
Sem
Elective-1
Paper-IBI 3002
Industrial
Biotechnolo
gy
Bioprocess technology,
Fermentation technology,
Enzyme Biotechnology
BI 2001
BI 2002
BI 3001
40
Elective-II
Paper-I BI 3004
Industrial
Micro
Biology
Fundamentals, down
stream processing,
Enzyme technology
Do 33
Elective-III
Paper-IBI 3006
Bio
Informatics
Bio computing, Biological
data base, sequence
analysis, programming
concepts
Do 35
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Elective-IV
Paper-IBI 3008
Engineering
BiologyBiomaterials Do 37
IV Year/
1st
Sem
Elective-IPaper-II
BI 4001
Industrial
Biotechnolo
gy
Biotransformation, Bio
fuel, Environmental and
Quality control
Do 35
Elective-II
Paper-IIBI 4003
Industrial
Micro
Biology
Industrial production, Bio
fertilizers andDo 35
Elective-III
Paper-II
BI 4005Bio
Informatics
Structural Biology, Data
base management,
Algorithms
Do 39
Elective-IV
Paper-IIBI 4007
Engineering
Biology
Biomaterial design, tissue
engineeringDo 39
111
Elective-I
Paper-IIIBI 4002
Industrial
Biotechnolo
gy
1 1 1
11 BI 4004
Industrial
Micro
Biology
Microorganisms in
Agriculture,
Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Microbial
Biotechnology
Do 32
Elective-III
Paper-IIIBI 4006
Bio
Informatics
Genomics, Proteomics
and Drug designingDo 33
Elective
IV
Paper-III
BI 4008Engineering
Biology
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Note:
The given curriculum structure permits a student to specialize in any of the
following:-
Industrial Biotechnology/ Industrial Micro Biology/BioInformatics or Engineering
Biology. Accordingly a student may choose the respective specialization from the
2nd
year B.Tech onwards. For example a student who wishes to specialize in
Industrial Biotechnology may take the core subjects compulsorily.
In addition he/she may take BI 3002, BI 4001 and BI 4002. Similarly for the
respective Electives courses are
Industrial Microbiology-BI 3004,BI 4003,BI 4004;
Bio Informatics BI 3006,BI 4005 and BI 4006;
Engineering Biology the courses are: BI 3008, BI 4007 and BI 4008.
It may also be noted that this pattern is only suggestive and not mandatory.
That is the student can take course of his/her choice subjected to the condition
that the pre requisites are already taken.
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B. TechMinor subject
IInd
Year-Semester-I
Biology core course (paper I)
(Cell Biology, Biodiversity and Biometry)
Unit 1: Cell Biology
1. 1 Structure and organization of Pro and Eukaryotic Cells.1. 2 Plasmamembrane Molecular organization, cell permeability transport
across membranes, facilitated diffusion, active transport and receptor
mediated endocytosis
1. 3 Nucleus ,Nucleolus and chromatin fibers1. 4 Endoplasmic reticulum structure and functions of rough and smooth
endoplasmic reticulum. General account on microsomes and signal
Hypothesis.
1. 5 Golgi Bodies- Morphology of golgi complex, cytochemistry of golgi complex.Functions of golgi complex
1. 6 Mitochondria- UltraStructure and functions. Biogenesis of mitochondria.1. 7 Role of Mitochondria in Krebs cycle, glycolysis cycle1. 8 Respiratory chain complexes, Electron transport system, mitochondrial
ATPase Proton pump complexes.
1. 9 Chloroplast- Ultra structure, morphology, Functions and Biogenesis1. 10Ribosomes- Ultra structure, Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic ribosomes,
r- RNA biogenesis, Functions of ribosomes.
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1. 11 Lysosomes and peroxisomes major characteristics of lysosomes,Functions- intracellular digestion, endocytosis, morphology of peroxisomes
and micro peroxisomes
1. 12Cytoskeletal structures Microfilaments , Intermediate filaments andmicrotubules, microtubular organelles ultra structure and function of
cilia, flagella and centrioles.
1. 13Cellcycle- Phases of cell cycle, functional importance of each phase,molecular events during cell cycle. Check points, cyclins and protein
kinases, MPF (maturation promoting factor)
1. 14 Cell signaling Exocrine, Endocrine, paracrine and synaptic strategies ofchemical signaling. Surface receptor mediated transduction (DAG, C
a+2, C-
AMP, G-Protein)
1. 15Chromosomes- Morphology and structural organization- fine structure,chemical organization. Special types of chromosomes- Salivary gland
chromosomes and lamp brush chromosomes.
1. 16Cell motility Amoeboid, ciliary and flagellar movements.1. 17Cell senescence and programmed cell death.
Unit 2: Biometry (Statistical Applications in Biology)
2.1 Definition, Need and scope of Biometery, Types of statistics used in Biology,Principles and applications of statistical methods in biological research.
Methods of sampling.
2.2 Measures of central tendency- Definition, calculation of Mean, Median andmode
2. 3 Measures of Dispersion Dispersion- Definition, mean deviation, standard
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deviation
2. 4 Tests of significance standard error
2.5 Students t test2.6 The chi-square (x2) Test2.7 Correlation and Regression2.8 Analysis of Variance2.9Probabilityconcepts and problems on probability2.10 Probability Distribution- Binomial, Poisson, Normal Distribution and their
applications.
2.11 Statistical softwares- SPSS, SAS, MINITAB Mathematica.UNIT-3: Biodiversity And Taxonomy
3.1 Basic concept of Biodiversity- What is Biodiversity- why should we conserveit Elements of Biodiversity.
3.2 Ecosystem diversity- Genetic diversity- species diversity Eco-stability (plant,Animal and microbial)
3.3 Biodiversity and conservation- over exploitation threatening living species.International trade. Animals threatened by international trade. Problems in
controlling international trade (Enforcement, Reservations, illegal trade)
3.4 Conservation of Biodiversity (In-situ and Ex-situ methods, principle andApplications)
3.5 Red Data Book and Endangered species3.6 Hot spots of Biodiversity, Biodiversity of India.
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3.7 Basic principles of Taxonomy and Phylogeny- classification
3.8 Modes of Molecular evolution. Neutral theory of molecular evolutionB.TechMinor subject
PracticalPaper-1 (1 Hour duration)-(Can be conducted in the class room)
(II Year-Ist
semester)
1. Solving problems of monohybrid, dihybrid and henetic interaction L(modified genetic ratios)
2. Problems on linkage and crossing over, chromosome maps.3. Estimating gene frequencies in human population, estimation of hetero
zygotes frequencies, pedegree analysis
4. Problems on measure of central tendency, mean, median and mode5. Problems on measure of dispersion, mean deviation, standard deviation,
variance, standard error, coefficient of variance (c.v)
6. Statistical distributions , fitting, binomial , poisson and normal probabilitydistributions to given data
7. Testing hypothesis. Test of significance (mean, standard deviation,correlation coefficient)-z-test
8. Chi-square test for goodness of fit and test for indedpendence9. Studdent t-test (unpaired and paired t-test)10.Usage of spss and sigive plot11.Problems on Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
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Books
Biometry
1. Bliss. C.J.K (1967) statistics in Biology vol.1. McGraw Hill Newyork.2. Campbell R.C (1974) Statistics for Biologists. Cambridge univ. Press.3. Daniel (1999) Bio statistics for health sciences (3rd Edition) Panima Publications
corporation
4. Swardlaw A.C (1988) Practical Statistics for expermental Biologists. John wileyand sons.
5. Khan (1999) Fundamentals of Bio Statistics6. Principles of Biostatistics Paganoetal.7. An introduction to Biostatistics- Glover8. An introduction to Biostatistics- Mishra & Mishra, Kalyani publications.9. An introduction to Biostatistics Gurumani.N. MJP Publishers, chennai.10.Fundamentals of Biostatistics P.Hanmanth Rao & K.Janardhan- IK
International publishing House New Delhi
Cell and Molecular Biology
1. Molecular Biology of the cell. Alberts, B etal Garland Publishers 20012. Molecular Cell Biology. Lodish etal. Scientific American Bital 19953. Principles of cell and molecular Biology. Klein smith I.J.& Kish vm4. Cell and molecular Biology. Karp.G. John wiley and sons 19995. Molecular Biology. Fred felder. D.Jones and Bartlett Publications.1995
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6. Molecular Biology Labfax. T.A. Brown Bios scientific publications7. Molecular Biology of the gene. Watsen JD. Hopkins NM.Reberts.JN8. Molecular cell Biology , Darnell j. lodish and Baltimore D.9. Cell and Molecular Biology . De Roberts10.Molecular Biology- Turner etal11.Cell-Couper
Biodiversity
1. Bio diversity- Agarwal.k (1996)- Agro, Botanica, Bikanner2. Biodiversity Chakrobarty supriyo (2006)- Pointer publishers, india
TAXONOMY
1. Taxonomy of Angiosperms- V.N. Naik , 1991. Tata Mc Graw Hill. Pub2. Taxonomy of Angiosperms- T.Pullaiah Regenue Publications3. Molecular systematic of plants II DNA sequencing D.E. soltis, 1998,
Kulwer Academic Publisher.
4. Vascular Plant Systematics A.B. Radford, W.C. Dickinson 1974, Harper,Row Publishers
5. Flowering Plants: Origin and dispersal- A. TakhtaJan- Otto Koetiz SciencePublishers.
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B. Tech-Minor subject
IInd
Year-Semester-II
Biology core course (paper II )
(Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics)
Unit 4: Bio chemistry
4.1 Carbohydrates - Classification, physical and chemical properties, chemicalstructures and their importance.
4.2 Amino acids - Classification and properties Zwitterion nature4.3 Proteins - Classification, structure and function, primary, secondary, tertiary
and quaternary structure
4.4 Enzymes - Classification, General Characteristics, mechanism of enzymeaction, co enzymes, co factor, isozymes
4.5 Regulation of enzyme activity and factors affecting enzyme activity,competitive, un competitive and non competitive inhibition.
4.6Lipids structure, classification, properties and functions of lipids, saturatedand unsaturated fatty acids.
4.7Bioenergetics Principles of bioenergetics and high energy phosphatecompounds, mode of energy production-photo phosphorylation
Unit- 5 : Molecular Biology
5.15.2hysicalDNA Structure Chemistry of DNA, Forces stabilizing DNA Structure,
Helix parameters. Forms of DNA (A,B,C,D,T and Z)
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5.3P properties of DNA ( UV-Absorption spectra, Denaturation and Renaturation,Cot Curves, DNA hybridization)
5.4 DNA Replication General features of DNA Replication, Enzymes andproteins of DNA replication.
5.5Models of replication, Regulation of DNA, Replication, Prokaryotic andEukaryotic replication mechanism.
5.6 DNA damage & DNA repair causes and mechanism photo reactivation,excision repair, mismatch repair, SOS repair
5.7 DNA Recombination Homologous recombination holiday medal, Non-homologous recombination- Transposition.
5.8 Types of RNA and their function. Outlines of RNA biosynthesis in Prokaryotes.5.9 Structure of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic gene5.10 Genetic code, properties and wobble hypothesis5.11 Transcription in prokaryotes -Mechanism, Promoters and RNA
polymerase, transcription factors
5.12 Transcription in Eukaryotes5.13 Post transcriptional modifications of eukaryotic mRNA, Reverse
transcription.
5.14 Translation Mechanism of translation in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes, Posttranslational modifications of Proteins
5.15 Regulation of Gene activity in Prokaryotes Operon concept- induction,Repression and Attenuation, Inducible Operon (lac operon) Repressible
Operon (tryp operon)
5.16 Regulation of Gene expression in Eukaryotes transcriptional activation,galactose metabolism in yeast.
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5.17 Gene organization and expression in mitochondria and Chloroplasts.Unit-6 Genetics
6.1Mendels laws of heredity with examples, Test cross and back cross, Theprinciple of independent assortment
6.2 Interaction of genes Incomplete dominance, co-dominance, lethal genes,epistasis, Pleiotropy,
6.3Polygenic traits and quantitative inheritance6.4 Genomic organization in Prokaryotes6.5Genomic organization in Eukaryotes6.6Mutations Gene and chromosomal mutations, Natural and induced
mutations mutagenic agents
6.7Molecular basis of gene mutations, Role of mutations in evolution.6.8Gene concept classical concept Molecular concept of gene- transposons,
Pseudogenes, overlapping gene, oncogene, repeated gene, Gene
amplification.
6.9Fine structure of gene6.10 Genetic Recombination-1: Gene transfer in bacteria Transformation-
Transposable elements-Plasmid structure, Properties and types of Plasmids.
6.11 Genetic Recombination-II: Transduction U tube experiment Generalizedand specialized transduction. Conjugation and steps in conjugation.
6.12 Human Genetic disorders (Klinefelter syndrome and Turnerssyndrome).
6.13 Population Genetics: Population, Gene pool, mutation and selection, Hardy-Weinberg law and its significance.
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B.Tech-Minor subject-Biology
Practical-Paper-II (Lab-I)
IInd
yearIInd
semester
1. Defferent stages of Mitosis in onion root tip2. Permanent slides- polytene chromosomes, grass hopper spermatids and
chromosomes
3. Effect of temperature on enzyme activity(Amylase)4. Quantitative estimation of Proteins by Lowrys method5. Quantitative estimation of carbohydrates by Nelson Smogyi method6. Estimation of DNA by UV spectrophotometry7. Electrophoretic analysis of DNA8. Preparation of solid and liquid culture media and their sterilization-
culturing techniques (Bacteria)
9. Isolation of pure culture by Streak plate and Pour plate method10.Growth of bacteria on agar slant, agar stab, petriplate and in broth- Growth
curves
11.Staining techniques- simple staining, Gram staining, negative stainingBooks
Bio Chemistry
1. Principles of Bio chemistry A. Lehninger, D.L Nelson worth publishes2. Principles of Bio chemistry G.L. Zubay, W.W. Parson- Brown Publisher.3. Bio chemistry V edition Jeremy M.Berg, Free man &Co.
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4. Fundamentals of Bio chemistry Dr. A.C. Deb5. Fundamentals of Bio chemistry J.L. Jain,Sunjay Jain and Nitin Jain
S.Chand &Co.
6. Harpies Bio chemistry, murray RK etal Prentice Hall International7. Bio chemistry Stryer L, H Freeman & Co8. Text book of Biochemistry Davlin, thomas-M.9. Bio chemistry Fundamentals, voet etal10.Bio chemistry Fried fider .D11.Practical Bio chemistry Plummer.12.Outlines of Biochemistry conn and stump. Wiley Eastern ltd.
Genetics
1. Principles of Genetics E. L Gardner, M.J. Simmons John wiley & sonspublication
2. Genetics Strick burger M.W Macmillan publisher3. Human Molecular Genetics Strachan T and Read AP-harland science..4. Microbial Genetics Maloy etal5. Concepts of Genetics 7th edition (2003) Klug & Cumming6. Microbial Genetics Frid fleder7. Advanced Genetics (2002) Miglani, G-S8. Fundamentals of Genetics B.D. Singh.9. GeneticsArora and Sandhu10.GeneticsP.K.Gupta
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B. Tech-Minor subject
IIIrd
Year-Semester-I
Biology core course: Paper-III
(Immunology, Cell culture, Microbiology, Genetic engineering and
Bioinformatics)
Unit 7: Immunology
7.1 Immune System- Organs of Immune system (spleen, thymus andlymphnodes)- cells of immune system T- cells its types and receptors- T-
cell maturation and activation, B-cells and its receptors/, B-cells
maturation and activation , Haematopoiesis.
7.2Types of immunity- Passive, Active, Acquired and innate immunityhumoral and cell mediated immunity.
7.3Antigens- Types, haptens, epitopes and Factors influencing antigenicity.7.4Antibodies- Structure, types, properties and functions of
immunoglobulins, production of antibodies.
7.5Monoclonal antibodies.7.6Antigen and Antibody reactions- Agglutination and precipitation
reactions. Hemagglutination and PHA, immuno fluorescence, ELISA, RIA,
Coombs test (Direct and Indirect)
7.7Hyper sensitivity and Allergic reactions, vaccines and Immunization.
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UNIT-8: Animal Cell Culture
8.1An introduction, concept of aseptic techniques, animal tissue culturemedia, cell propagation, preservation and storage of cells, detection ofcontamination, safety consideration in laboratory cell culture.
UNIT-9: General Microbiology
9.1 Major groups of micro organisms General Characteristics of Algae,Fungi.9.2General characteristics and classification of Bacteria9.3 General characteristics and classification of plant, animal and Bacterial viruses
-structure and replication of Bacteriophage ( T2 and ), viroids and Prions.
9.4Methods in microbiology- sterilization, culture media, isolation of microbes,maintenance of microbial cultures, microbial culture collection centres.
9.5 Food and Microbiology - contamination and spoilage of different kinds offood, Food- borne illness due to bacterial food poisoing- Food preservation
9.6 Microbial Diseases: Disease reservoirs- infectious disease transmission.Respiratory infections caused by bacteria and viruses- Tuberculosis- Sexually
transmitted disease including Influenza Diseases transmitted by animals,
insects and Ticks Food and water borne diseases Pathogenic fungi.
9.7Host- Parastic Relation Ship- Normal microflora of skin, oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract- Entry of pathogens into the host, colonization and factors
predisposing to infections, types of toxins and their structure- mode of
actions- virulence and Pathogenesis.
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UNIT-10: Genetic Engineering
10.1 Introduction to Genetic Engineering Definition, history and scope10.2
Restriction enzymes- definition, characteristics and uses
10.3 Cloning and cloning vectors plasmid vectors, phage vectors and cosmids.10.4 Construction and screening of Genomic DNA library and cDNA library10.5 Molecular detection techniques southern, northern and western
hybridization
10.6 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)10.7
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), Random Amplified
Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
10.8 DNA finger printingUNIT- 11: Bio informatics
11.1Bioinformatics-Definition, scope, role and limitations of Bio informatics-Importance and uses.
11.2Bioinformatics and Internet-Elementary commands and protocols, ftp,telnet, http, primer on information theory.
11.3Introduction to Bio informatics soft wareRASMOL & DS viewer pro-Acceptable file formats for RASMOL & DS VIEWER PROBio informatics
sequence analysis software- CLUSTAL w.
11.4Data base concepts Biological data and databases- Biological data typeclassification of biological data base- Information retrieval from
Biological data base.11.5Basics of C language programme control structures, arrays and standard
libraries (stress on logic than syntax)
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UNIT-12: INSTRUMENTATION
12.1 Microscopy- Principles and Applications of Light, phase contrast,Fluorescence microscopy. Scanning and Transmission Electronmicroscopy. Confocal microscopy.
12.2 Principles of pH meter and calorimetry12.3 Centrifugation- Preparative and Analytical centrifuges, sedimentation
analysis, RCF, Density gradient centrifugation, ultra centrifugation.
12.4Chomatography Techniques Theory and application of paperchromatography . TLC, Gel filtration chromatography. Ion Exchangechromatography, Affinity chromatography, GLC and HPLC.
12.5Electrophoretic Techniques Theory and application of PAGE. AgaroseGel Electrophoresis. 2 DE, Iso- electric Focussing, Immunodiffusion,
Immuno Electrophoresis
12.6ELISA, RIA, Southern, Northern and Western Blotting.12.7
Spectroscopic TechniquesTheory and application of UV and Visiblespectroscopy. Fluroscene spectroscopy, MS, NMR, ESR, Atomic Absorption
spectroscopy.
12.8Radio-isotopic techniques- introduction to Radio isotopes and theirbiological applications.
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B.Tech-Minor subject-Biology
PracticalPaper-III (Lab-II)
IIIrd year-Ist semester
1. File copying2. Construction of phylogenetic tree using phylip/True view3. Protein BLAST-search protein database using protein query4. Multiple sequence alignmentCLUSTALW5.
Use visualization tools- RASMOL for protein visualization
6. Isolationof plasmid DNA7. Agarose gel electrophoresis and restriction digestion of DNA8. DNA amplification using polymerase chain reaction in plant system9. Total count of WBC, RBC, Differential WBC count-Blood grouping10.Principles and working knowledge of instruments like autoclave, pH meter,
incubator, hot air oven, centri fuse, microscope, colony counter,calorimeter, UV sphectrometer and chromatography
11.Detection of antigen-antibody reaction by ELISA tests12.Isolation of fungi and bacteria from spoiled food
BOOKS
Immunology
1. Immunology J. kuby2. Fundamental Immunology- W.E.Paul3. Fundamental of Immunology coleman, lomabord and sicard
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4. Immunology- weir and steward5. Immunology , A text book C.V.Rao6. Lecture notes in Immunology- LR Todd7. Essentials of Immunology Roitt Lm8. Immunology - Under Standing immune system- Kleus D.Elgert
Microbiology
1. Text book of Microbiology Ananthanaryanan and paniker2. Microbiology in clinical Practice- D.C. Shanson3. Diagnostic microbiology Baran, peteson and Fine gold4. A Text book of basic and Applied Microbiology AneJa, K.R.5. General microbiology powar, C.B. & Daginawala6. Microbiology- Pelezar, M.J. Chan & Krig7. Microbiology- Tauro, Yadav & Kapoor8. General Microbiology Dube , R.C. and Maheswari9. Microbiology Prescott MJ, Harley, J.P AND Kleine .D.A10.General microbiology- Stanier R.Y. Adelrberg .E.A.
Genetic Engineering
1. An introduction to Genetic Engineering. Nicholl .D.ST2. Biotechnology smith.J.E3. Genes vill- Lewin B4. A Text Book of Molecular Biotechnology Ramreddy.S,
Venkateshwarlu k
5. An introduction of Genetic Engineering. Nicholl. D.ST
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6. Principles of Gene Manipulation , An introduction to GeneticEngineering Old R.W and Primrose.S.B.
Bioinformatics
1. Bioinformatics- Baxevanis2. Bioinformatics- Higgins and Taylor3. Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics- Pevsner. J (2003)4. Programming Languages Sethi.R. 19965. Programming Language Kermighan and Ritchie. D.M6. Bio informatics: concepts, skills and Applications Restogi.s.c.
Mendiratta
7. Bioinformatics- Baladi.P and Brunak.S. 1998Instrumentation
1. Tools and Techniques in Biology- welson and Goulding2. Practical Biochemsitry, Principles and Techniques Keith Wilson and
John Walker
3. Modern Experimental Biochemsitry- R.F. Boyer4. Experimental Biochemsitry- R.L. Dryet and Gene F.5. Experiments in microbiology plant pathology and Biotechnology
AneJa, K.R.
6. Principle of Instrumental Analysis- Skoog & west7. Biochemical Technique Theory and Practice Robyt & White
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B. Tech-Minor subject
IIIrd
Year-Semester-II
Biology-Elective-1
Industrial Biotechnology: Paper-I
(Bioprocess technology, Fermentation technology, enzyme Biotechnology)
Unit 1 : Bio process Technology
1.
Introduction to Industrial Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering2. Isolation preservation and maintenance of Industrial microorganisms3. Factors that influence solid - state fermentation4. Bioreactors- principle types of bioreactors-aerobic, anaerobic, solid state
and immobilized cell bioreactors-Bio reactor media.
5. Scaling up of processes.Unit 2: Strain Improvement
6. Selection of mutants producing improved level of primary metabolites withsuitable example
7. Isolation of mutantsUnit 3: Down Stream processing
8. Removal and recovery of cell mass (precipitation, filtration andcertifugation )
9. Cell disruption- physical and chemical methods
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10.Purification of products-I: Through chromatography-, Adsorption Ion-exchange and HPLC
11.Purification of products- II: Ultrafiltration, Reverse osmosis, Drying andCrystallization.
12.Precipitation and separation of proteins, from recombinant strains.Unit 4: Fermentation Technology
13.Basic principles of fermentation technology14.Fermentation mediaNatural and synthetic media, sterilization techniques.15.Fermentersprocess of Aeration, Agitation and Filtration method.16.Types of FermentationSolid state, submerged fermentation17.Continuous fermentation and late nutrient addition and cell bioreactors18.Process developmentshake flask fermentation. Down stream processing
(DSP). Disintegration of cells.
19.Separation , Extraction , concentration and purification of productsUnit 5: Production of microbial products
Brief account of the following products obtained by industrial
microbiological fermentation:-
20.Alcohol and Alcoholic Beverages21.Organic acid-citric acid; Antibioticpenicillin22.Amino acidsGlutamic acid.23.Fermented Foods -yoghurt, Idli, Dosa and cheese.24.Microbial foods Single cell protein (SCP) Single cell oils (SCO)
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Unit 7: Enzyme Biotechnology
25.Industrial Use of Enzymes : cellulase , Lipase, Protease,26.Methods of Enzyme Immobilization and commercial applications.27.Bio reactors for enzyme production :stirred tank , membrane reactors and
continuous flow reactors
Unit 8: plant cell Suspension culture
28.Plant cell suspension culture for the production of food additivessaffornand capasicin
29.Technique of mass culture of Algae- spirulina30.Microbial polysaccharides and polyesters.
Unit 9: Quality control , Process Economics and GLP
31.Sterility testing and Pyrogen testing32.
Carcinogencity testing and toxicity testing
33.Fermentation Economics : cost Estimates,process design , capital costestimates and market potential.
34.Good laboratory practices.
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B.Tech-Minor subject-Biology
PracticalPaper-IV (Lab-III)
IIIrd year-IInd semester
(Elective-Industrial Biotechnology)
1. Fungal culture-Aspergillus2. Estimation of citric acid fromAspergillus culture3. Screening and isolation of micro organisms, maintenance of strains and
their improvement
4. Immunobilization of yeast cells5. Estimation of Alcohol by specific gravity method6. Detection of amylase producing bacteria/Fungi from food sample7. Estimation of fermentative product (Acetic acid from vinegar)8. Determination of Biological oxygen Demand (BOD) of sewage sample9. Bacterial examination of water by MPN method10.Detection of coliforms for determination of the purity of potable water11.Determination of dissolved oxygen concentration of water sample by
Winklers method
12.Determination of chemical oxygen Demand (COD) of sewage sample13.Preparation of plant tissue culture media (MS medium) and autoclaving
(sterilization)
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Books
Bioprocess technology
1.
Bioprocess technology Fundamental and Application KTH ,Stockholm 2000
2. Process Engineering in BiotechnologyA.T.Jackson-prentice Hall3. Bioprocess Engineering: basic conceptsM L shuler, and F. Kargi
prentice Hall
4. Biochemical EngineeringS.Aiba ,AE, humphray- Academic process5.
Biochemical Engineering FundamentalsJE Baily and DF ollis
6. Bioprocess technologykalaichelvan P.T ArulpandiMJP publishers.7. BiotechnologySatyanarayan U. Books and Allied Pvt-Ltd.
Fermentation Technology
1. Principles of Fermentation technology PF stanbury, A. whittakerpergamon press
2. Industrial microbiologycasida LEwiley Eastern3. Biotechnology :A text book of Industrial Microbiology- crueger.w and
crueger A-panima publishing corporation
4. Fermentation microbiology and BiotechnologyEL mansi and BryceEnzyme technology
1. Enzyme BiotechnologyTripathi . G2. Fundamental of Enzymologyprice & steven3. Industrial Enzyme & their application _uhlig . H4. Enzyme KineticsPalmer
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5. Enzyme Kinetics Dixon.6. Enzyme Structure and mechanism-Alan Fersht.
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B. Tech-Minor subject
IVth
Year-Ist
semester
Biology-Elective-1
Industrial Biotechnology: Paper-II
(Biotransformation, Biofuels, Environmental and Medical Biotechnology)
UNIT-1: Biotransformation
1. Biotransformation Concept and types of Biotransformation reactions.2. Steroid biotransformation and applications in pharmaceutical industry3. Recent advances in Biotransformation (Ex:Indigo, Xanthan, Malanins)
UNIT-2: Biofuels- Production
4. Biomass as fuel , Algae as a source of energy5. Biogas- Interaction between various microbial groups, Biogas plant
design, Biogas production mechanism
6. Hydrogen- Biohydrogen, Fermentative production of Hydrogen,Photofermentation, Biophotolysis
7. Methane- Methanogens Mechanism of Methane Production8. Ethanol Fuel Alcohol Production, Bio butanol9. Bio diesal
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UNIT-3: Environmental Biotechnology
10.Over view of the global environmental problems, climate change, Energycrisis.
11.Renewable and non renewable source of energy12.Conventional fuels and their environmental impact13.Bioremediation of soil and water contaminated with oil spills, heavy
metals and detergents.
14.Treatment of municipal and industrial waste water15.
Introduction to xenobiotics- Biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds.
16.Biofertilizers Role of symbiotic and asymbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteriain the enrichment of soil. Algal and fungal Biofertilizer
17.Environmental significance of genetically modified microbes, plants andanimals
18.Solid waste management Anaerobic digestion and compostingUNIT-4: Medical Biotechnology and Healthcare
19.Disease diagnosis- Probes, Hybridization, Ligase chain reaction,Diagnosis through monoclonal antibodies Detection of genetic
diseases
20.Disease Prevention through Vaccines ; conventional vaccines, purifiedantigen vaccines Recombinant vaccines- Recombinant polypeptide
vaccinesDNA vaccines
21.Drug designing Introduction, computer aided drug designing,Approaches for rational designing of drug.
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22.Drug Delivery Advantages , Disadvantages and applications ofLiposome drug delivery system
23.Gene Therapy Types of therapy Augmentation therapy Targetedgene transfer
24.DNA finger printing and forensic applicationsUNIT -5: Patenting Biotechnology and Intellectual Property Rights
25.Intellectual property Rights26.Copy rights and Trade mark27.General Agreement of Tariff and Trades (GATT)28.Trade related Intellectual property (TRIP)29.Patenting of Biological Material Patenting , micro organisms,
Transgenic organisms, Higher plants and Higher animals
BOOKS
1. Microbial Biotechnology Alexander n, Glazer Hiroshi Nikaido W.H2. Molecular Biotechnology, Principles and Applications of Recombinant
DNA Bernard R. Glick and Jack J.
3. Fungal Ecology and Biotechnology Rastogi Publications4. Environmental Biotechnology concepts and applications Hans
Joachin Jordening and Josef winth.
5. Biology of waste water treatment N.F.Gray6. Biotechnology methods of pollution control S.A. Abbasi and E.
Ramaswamy
7. Basic Biotechnology Bullock J and Kristiansen
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8. A Text book of Biotechnology Duben R.C.9. Biotechnology and Genomics- Gupta P.K.10.Industrial Biotechnology Jogdand.S.N11.Bioprocess Technology Kalaichelvan P.T12.Plant biotechnologyMahipal singh Shekhawat M.J.P.Publishers
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B. Tech-Minor subject
IVth Year-IInd Semester
Biology-Elective-1
Industrial Biotechnology: Paper-III
(Animal Biotechnology, Plant Biotechnology, Food Technology)
Animal Biotechnology:
Unit-I Introduction to Animal Cell, Tissue Culture and Applications
1. Introduction, history and scope of animal tissue culture2. Culture media a) Natural media plasma clot, biological fluids tissue
extract, Importance of serumin media b) Chemical defined media
3. Primary and Established cell lines and their characterization4. Disintegration of tissue a) Mechanical Methods b) Enzymatic methods5. Primary culture, cultured cells, Evolution of cell lines and maintenance.6. Production and applications of monoclonal antibodies.Unit-2: Transgenic Animals
7. Introduction to Transgenic Laboratory animals, principles and methods ofDevelopment of Transgenic animals
8. Gene constructs Promoters, Reporter or marker-genes
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9. Transfection methods, Embryonic stem cell transfer, Targeted genetransfer
10.Animal cloning principle and method with suitable examplePlant Biotechnology
Unit-3: Techniques in plant tissue culture
11. Introduction, history and scope of plant cell and tissue culture. Principlesand methods of preparation of culture media.
12.
Principles and application of callus culture, somatic Embryogenesis,Protoplast culture
13. Organ culture Root culture, Anther culture, Pollen culture, Meristemculture.
14. Micropropagation techniques Advantages and Limitations15. Somoclonal variation and their significance.Unit 4: Transgenic plants
16. Methods to develop transgenic plants Electroporation, microinjection,and particle bombardment.
17. Agrobacterium mediated Gene transfer and the role of Tiplasmid18. Engineering Herbicide resistant plants.19. Insect and virus resistant plants 20. Transgenic plants for abiotic stress
tolerance
20. Vectors for the production of transgenic plants plasmid vectors and plantvirus vectors
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Unit 5 : Introduction to Food Technology
21. Causes of food spoilage Elementary idea of canning and packing.Sterilization and pasteurization.
22. Food preservation through chemicals ( Acids, Salts, Sugars, Antibiotics,Ethylene oxide, Antioxidants)
23. Other methods of food preservation radiations, low and hightemperature and Drying
24. Bio technology of micro organisms associated with food spoilage.Books
1. Biotechnology Arora m.p2. Culture of Animal cells : A mammal of Basic Techniques Freshney R. Lan3. Principles and practice of animal tissue culture Gangal sudha4. Biotechnology and Genomics Gupta P.K5. Agricultural Biotechnology Purohit S.S6. Plant tissue culture theory and practice BhoJwani S. S and Razdan M.K7. An introduction to plant tissue culture De K.K8. Genetics and Biotechnology in crop improvement Gupta P.K9. Plant Biotechnology Ramawat K.G10.Introduction to immunology Kimball J.W11.Immunology Kuby T W. H12.Essential Immunology - Roitt E.M13.Plant biotechnology J. Hemmond et al14.Principles of plant biotechnology montell etal15.Plant cell culture Evans D.A
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16.Fundamental of food biotechnology Lee. B. H17.Food biotechnology : micro organisms Hui Y. H18.Biotechnology : Food Fermentation Joshi V. K and Pandey A19.Plant biotechnology and molecular markers shrivastava et. Al20.Biotechnology in crop improvement H.S Chawla
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B. Tech-Minor Subject
IIIrd
Year-Semester-II
Biology-Elective-2
Industrial Microbiology: Paper-I
(Fundamentals, Down stream processing, Enzyme Technology)
Unit 1: Fundamentals of industrial microbiology
1.
Introduction to industrial microbiology2. Classification of microbes systems of classification, numerical taxonomy,
identifying characters for classification
3. Ultrastructure of bacteria in general, important differences betweenarchae bacteria and bacteria, features of special interest of cynobacteria.
4. Screening for industrially important Microbs5. Various methods of staining of bacteriasimple ,gram, endospore, capsule,
flagella.
6. Virusesgeneral account of virusesplant viruses and animal viruses, ultrastructure of viruses.
7. Nutritional requirements and nutritional types of bacteria, choice of mediaand conditions of incubation.
8. Pure culture techniques, preparation of different types of culture media ,selective or enrichment media . Methods of culturing aerobic and
anaerobic bacteria
9. Concepts of sterilization, definition of sterilization, dry and moist heat,pasteurization, tyndalization, radiation, ultrasonication, filtration.
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10.Methods of sterilization used in industrial microbiology physical andchemical, disinfection sanitization, antisepsis sterilants and fumigation.
11.Microbial growth growth curve, mathematical expression of growth,methods of measurements of growth, factors affecting growth in
continuous and batch cultures.
12.Strain developoment methods of improvement and stability ofbiotechnologically important cultures.
13.Control of microorganisms by physical and chemical agents , pattern ofmicrobial death , factors affecting effectiveness of antimicrobial agents
activity.
Unit-2 .Fermentor design
14.Types of fermentation, aerobic, anaerobic, batch, continuous, submerged,surface, solid state
15.Design of typical fermentor16.Types of fermentors17.Control of agitation , aeration, pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen18.Inoculum development - - scale up of fermentation process.
Unit-3 Down stream processing
19.Separation of particles- disintegration of cells, extraction20.Concentration recovery and purification-drying21.In-situ recovery of productsapplication
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Unit-4: Enzyme Technology
22.Nature of enzymeapplication of enzymes23.Limitations of microbial cells used as catalysts in fermentation multi
enzyme reactors
24.Genetic engineering and protein engineering of enzymes25.Cloning strategy for enzymes26.Technology of enzyme production27.Methods of immobilized cells and enzymes ( ca-alginate beads,
Polyacrylamide)
28.Industrial application of immobilized enzymes and cells.Unit-5: Stains and staining Techiques
29.Definition of auxochromechromophores. Dyesclassification of stains30.Theories of staining. Mechanism of gram staining ,acid fast staining
,negative staining ,capsule staining flagella staining , endospore staining
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B.Tech-Minor subject-Biology
PracticalPaper-IV (Lab-III)
IIIrd year-IInd semester
(ElectiveIndustrial microbiology)
1. Isolation and screening for amylase enzyme2. Screening for antibiotic producing organism3. Immobilization of amylase by using sodium alginate method4. Production, extraction, purification of citric acids5. Production of amylase by surface culture method/ submerged culture
method
6. Microbiological analysis of cheese, Butter, milk powdera. Detection for the presence ofE.colib. SCP
7. Isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria from curd8. Study of root nodules and isolation ofRhizobium from legume root nodules9. Qualitative and quantitative examination of milk10.Sensitivity/ resistance test (antibiotic)11.Determination of MIC concentration of antibiotic
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Books
1. A text book of basic and applied microbiologyAneja. K.R etal.2. General microbiology Power,C.B & Daginewala3. Industrial microbrologypatel. A.H4. Microbiologypelezer, m.J, chan, E.C.S & krieg. N.R5. MicrobiologyTauro, yadav& kapoor6. Microbiology Tortora,G.J, Funke, B.R, case, c.c7. Biology of microorganisms- Brock and madigan8. Introduction to microbiology Ingraham and Ingraham9. Elementary microbiology H.A. Modi10.Text book of microbiology Dubey and maheshwari11.General microbiology -stainer12.Industrial microbiology Prescott and Dunn13.Microbiology purohit14.
Principles of fermentation technology stanbury , P.F, Whitaker, A andHall. S.J
15.Industrial microbiologycassida
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B. Tech-Minor subject
IVth
Year-Ist
Semester
BiologyElective-2
Industrial Microbiology- Paper-II
(Industrial Production, Biofertilizers and Quality control)
Unit1: Industrial production -1
Microbial or fermentative procedures.
1. Production of antibiotics pencillin2. Production of enzyme amylase3. Production of alcohol Ethyl alcohol4. Production of beverages (Beer)5. Production of amino acids ( Glutamic acid)
Unit2: Industrial productionII
6. Production of vitamins (B12)
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7. Production of organic acids (citric acid)8. Production of dairy products yoghurt9. Production of bakery itemsBread10.Production of soysauce11.Production of Bio fuels (Biogas-Methane)
Unit3: introduction to fermented Food
12.Spoilage13.Preservation
Unit4: Bio fertilizers
14.Importance of biofertilizer15.Rhizobium Bio fertilizer16.Azoto bacter Bio fertilizer17.Azospirillum Bio fertilizer18.Azolla and BGA Bio fertilizer19.VAM Bio fertilizer20.PSB Bio Fertilizer21.Quality control of Bio fertilizer as per FCO( Fertilizer control order)
Unit5: Quality control
22.Introduction to microbiological quality control of foods23.Microbiological analysis of food productsSPC24.Detection for the presence of a. E-coli, b. Staph aureus
c. Shigella, d. P-pseudomonas, e. Salmonella
25.Introduction to quality assurance of food products26.Basic concepts of Regulation as per PFA, FDA,FPO27.Standards and norms as per ISO,BIS,AGMARK
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28.Raw Material acceptance Process control w.r.t milk and milk products29.Packing , finished product storage30.Transport and Distribution
Unit 7: Hazard Analysis critical control points ( HACCP)
31.Seven Principles of HACCP32.Introduction of GMP, GLP33.International commission on the microbiological specification of foods
(ICMSF)Introduction
34.ICMSF- Sampling plans The two class plan the three class plan35.Microbiological limit tests as per ICMSF
Books
1. Food microbiology Frazier2. Food microbiology- H. A. Modi ( vol.1 &2)3. Industrial microbiologyA.N patel4. Industrial microbiologyprescott & dunn5. Soil microbiology- subba rao6. Agriculture microbiologyRengaswamy7. Methods in Food and Dairy microbiology-Harrigon8. Bio fertilizers-Vyas & Vyas9. Milk and milk products- winton & winton10.Bio fertilizers Arun sharma11.Industrial Microbiology- Agrawal /Parihar12.Agriculture Microbiology G.Rangaswamy and D.J. Bagyaraj13.Practical Microbiology R. C. Dubey and D.K Meheshwari
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14.Experimental Microbiology- Rakesh J.Patel & kiram R.Patel
B. Tech-Minor subject
IVth
Year-IInd
Semester
Biology-Elective-2
Industrial Microbiology : Paper-III
(Microorganisms in Agriculture, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Microbial
Biotechnology)
UNIT 1:Microorganisms in Agriculture
1. Microbial bio pesticides.2. Genetically modified crops containing insecticidal genes3. Bio fertilizers- Blue green algae and Azolla , Phosphate solublizing
microorganisms.
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4. Fuel From microorganisms Biogas technology microbial hydrogenproduction-concept of gasohol
UNIT-2: Geomicrobiology
5. Microbial leaching of minerals6. Biorecovery of petroleum , MEOR7. Bio remediation and Biodeterioration Petroleum products, leather,
textile and paper
8. Bioconversions Biomining and Bioleaching of ores ( use ofThermophilic microorganisms in industrial microbiology Biogas,
Bioleaching, Biodiesel
UNIT-3: Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
9. Genetically Engineered microorganisms for value added products.10.Production of heterologous protein insulin, - growth hormones.11.Recombinant vaccines
UNIT- 4: Food Microbiology
UNIT -5: Advanced Microbiology
12.Bio sensors and Bio polymers13.Biochips, Bio films and Bioplastics14.Micro organisms as Bio indicators
UNIT 6: Analytical Microbiology
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15.Bioassay of growth supporting substances Amino acids and Vitamins16.Bioassay of growth inhibiting substances Antibiotics17.Quality control tests sterility testing, Microbial Limit Test (MLT)18.Pyrogen Testing (LAL Test), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)19.FDA and Good manufacturing practices20.Quantitative and qualitative analysis of food, milk, water and sewage
UNIT- 7: Microbial Biotechnology
21.Commercial Production of microorganisms single cellprotein(Spirullina)
22.Microorganisms in Agriculture waste water treatmentUNIT-8: Food Microbiology
23.Dairy products cheese, Butter, Yogurt24.Microorganisms as food SCP, Spirullina and mushroom25.Indian and oriental fermented food26.Micro organisms of food spoilage and their sources27.Spoilage of different food materials- Fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, milk
products
28.General account of food preservation preservation of food and milk29.Composition of milk, grading of milk- MBRT Resazurin and Phosphate
tests
30.Microorganisms as food SCP- edible mushrooms (white button, andpaddy straw)
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BOOKS
1. Text Book of industrial Microbiology A.H.Patel2.
Industrial Microbiology L.E.Cassida
3. Industrial Microbiology - G.Reed4. Industrial Microbiology Agarwal and Parihar5. Biology of Industrial Microorganisms A.L. Demain6. Principles of Fermentation Technology Standbary, whitakar and Hall7. Food Microbiology , Fundamentals and Frontiers Doyle M.P etal.8.
Food Microbiology Frazier , W.C and Westhoff.D.C
9. Modern Food Microbiology Jay, J.M10.Biofertilizers in Agriculture and Forestry Subbarao. N.S11.Agriculture Microbiology Rangaswamy.G and Bhagyaraj.D.J12.Food Microbiology Adams, M.R and Moss .M.O13.Industrial Microbiology Patel.A.H.14.
Applied Microbiology Singh.R.P.
15.Environmental Microbiology P.D.Sharma16.Environmental Microbiology K.h.Vijaya
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B. Tech-Minor subject
Biology-Elective-3
IIIrd
Year-Semester-II
Bioinformatics: Paper-I
(Bio computing, Biological Databases, Sequence analysis and Programming concepts)
UNIT-1: Biological Data Bases
1. Introduction to Bioinformatics -History of Bioinformatics- Internet andBioinformatics
2. Introduction Data base definition , data, Biological databases- Types ofdatabases- conventions for databases indexing and specification of
search terms
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3. Contents and formats of database entries retrieval of data using textbased search tools sources of data (Ex. Sequencing projects , individual
scientists , Patent offices etc. ), Method for deposition of data to
databases.
4. Nucleic acid sequence databases Genbank, EMBL , DDBJ5. Protein sequence database Primary sequence database. Introduction
to protein information Resource (PIR)- Martinsried institute of Protein
Sequence (MIPS), SWISS- PROT , Structure of SWISS- PROT Entries,
Translated EMBL (TrEMBL)
6. Secondary sequence Database- Introduction to PROSITE, PROFILE,PRINTS, BLOCK, pfam and IDENTITY databases.
7. Genome Databases at NCBI, EBI, TIGR, SANGER.8. Structural and Related Databases PDB, NDB, CCSD, Prosite, PRODOM,
Pfam, PRINTS, CATH, SCOP, DSSP, FSSP, DALI
UNIT-2: Sequence Analysis
9. Various file formats for Bio molecular sequences Genbank, FASTA,GCG, MSF, NBRF-PIR. Basic concepts of sequence similarity, identity and
homology , definitions of homologues, orthologues, Paralogues
10.Scoring matrices- Basic concept of a scoring matrix- matrices for nucleicacid and protein sequences PAM and BLOSUM matrices Principles
based on which these matrices are derived
11.Sequence based Database searches- What are Sequence baseddatabase searches, BLAST and FASTA algorithms. Various versions of
Basic BLAST and FASTA. Use of these methods for sequence analysis
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12.Pairwise sequence Alignments- Basic concepts of sequence alignment,Needleman & Wuncsh, Smith & Waterman algorithms for Pair wise
alignments use of pair wise alignments for analysis of nucleic acid and
protein sequences
13.Sequence Patterns and profiles Basic concept and definition ofsequence patterns, motifs and profiles, various types of pattern
representations- namely consensus, regular expression and profiles.
14.Profile based database searches using PSI- BLAST, analysis andinterpretation of profile based searches
Unit-3: Introduction to Data Mining
15.Introduction to Data Mining- Applications of Data mining toBioinformatics Problems and Applications of Bioinformatics
16.Bioinformatics softwares Clustal V , Clustal WI.7,RasMol, Oligo,Molscript, Treeview, Phylip ,Alscript, Genetic Analysis software.
UNIT- 4: Bio Computing
17.Introduction to string matching Algorithms, Database searchTechniques sequence comparison and Alignment Techniques.
18.Introduction to Graph matching Algorithms Automated Genomecomparsion and its Implication.
19.Gene predictionidentification of Bacterial operons and pathways.
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20.Preparation of biochips or DNA chips , Macro and micro Arrays Analysis of Gene Arrays.
21.Markov chains and applications Hidden markov models. Applicationsof HMM in gene indentification and Profiles HMMS, Neutral Networks
and support vector machines Machine, Learning methods.
UNIT-5: Phylogenetic Analysis
22. Introduction Evolution, definition of phylogenetic tree nodes,internodes , root , tree , styles, cladogram, Phenogram, curvogram
23.Steps involved in construction of Phylogenetic tree24.Methods of Phylogenetic analysis Distance method, character based
method
25.Tree Evaluation Jumbling sequence addition order, Boot strap method.26.Problems in Phylogenetic analysis- Phylogenetic analysis tool (Phylip,
Clustalw,Tree view)
UNIT-6: Programming Concepts and C Language
27.Introduction to programming Steps involving in problem solving Problem definition Algorithm characteristics, Notation of Algorithm
28.Computer Languages High level, Low level, Assembly level, Compiler,Interpreter
29.Procedural Languages- Object oriented Programming, FunctionalProgramming Logic Programming
30.Introduction to Bio C Language.
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31.Data type , operators and Expressions in C Control and Repetitivestatements: IF, THEN-ELSE, SWITCH, WHILE, FOR, DO; Break and
continue statements
32.Input and output functions- Function and program structure in C Parameter passing, Pointers, Arrays, Structures, C- Library.
33.Bio PerlUnit 7: Applications of Bio Informatics
34.Chemiinformatics in Biology- conventions for representing moleculesChemiinformatics, resources
35.Bioinformatics in Pharmaceutical industries, Immunology, Agriculture,Forestry, Geo Informatics, Bio sensing.
36.Legal , Ethical and commercial ramifications of bioinformatics
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B.Tech-Minor subject-Biology
PracticalPaper-IV (Lab-III)
IIIrd year-IInd semester
(Elective- Bio informatics)
1. Nucleotide BLASTsearch nucleotide database using nucleotide query2. Browse the ExPASY sites and write information received in your record3. Retrieving protein and DNA sequences using entrez at NCBI4. Retrieving protein and DNA sequences using SRS at EBI5. Web browsing at SWISSPORT6. Details of PDB files7. Binding site identification8. Pharmacophore identification9. Receptor and Ligand optimization10.Getting the amino acid sequences by exploring and querying the protein
sequence database
11.Getting the gene sequences by exploring and querying the nucleoic aciddatabases.
BOOKS
1. Bioinformatics for Dummies Claverie.J.M. and Notredame.C.
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2. Bioinformatics Letovsky, S.I.3. Bioinformatics Baldi.P and Brunk.S.4. Introduction to computational Molecular Biology Setubal.J and
Meidanis.J
5. Bioinformatics, sequence and Genome Analysis Mont.D.W.6. DNA microarrays Bowtell.D. and sambrook.J7. Bioinformatics methods and applications Restogi.s.c.8. Structural Bioinformatics- Philip E etal.9. Introduction to Bioinformatics- Attwood & Parry-smith.10.Programming Languages sethi.R.11.Programming Languages Appleby, D and Vand Kopple.J.J12.Programming using C Language Hutchinson.R.C, and Just.R.B.13.C Programming Dennis Ritchie14.Let us C Y.C.kanetkar15.Bio C by L.N. Chavali
B. Tech-Minor Subject
IVth
Year-Semester-I
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BiologyElective-3
Bioinformatics: Paper-II
(Structural Biology, Data base management, Algorithms)
Unit 1: Structural biology
1. Protein structure primary , secondary , tertiary and quaternary structure2. Membrane proteins, peripheral membrane proteins, Integral membrane
proteinselectronic properties of proteins proteinprotein interactions
significance of Ramachandran map
3. Structure of nucleic acids nucleosides and nucleotides types of basepairing Watson Crick and Hoogstein types of double helicesA,B,Z and
their geometrical as well as structural features
4. DNA super coiling and unusual DNA structures- structure of transfer RNA5. Introduction to structural databasesProteins Data Bank (PDB),Nucleic Acid
Data Bank (NDB) , Molecular Modeling Data Bank (MMDB)-PDB file formats
of Bimolecules
6. Inter molecular interactions proteins- proteins interactions,-proteinDNAinteractions, DNA binding proteins Types of interactions of DNA with
proteins and small molecules , different forces involved in the interactions
Unit2: Protein structure prediction
7. Introduction to protein three dimensional structures to function andrelation protein structure prediction
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8. Prediction of protein structure from sequences by using homologymodeling. Protein folding
9. Expert Protein Analysis System (ExPASy). ExPASy tools.10.Secondary structure analysis and prediction using Chou-Fasman method-
Protein modeling using Swisspdb viewer and Modeller
11.Structure visualization tools knowledge of program such as SPDBV ,Rasmol , Webmole ,Cn3D , molmol ,chime .
Unit3: Experimental techniques
12.Introduction to X-Ray crystallography crystal system Braggs Law,diffraction of crystals , structure factor-atomic scattering factor ,
crystallization, data collection, structure solution and refinement , structure
validation, Protein nano crystallography.
Unit 4: Database management system
13.Data models DBMS architecture and Data independence. Databaselanguages and Interfaces
14.View of Data Database usersDatabase system structure15.Database modelsER model ,Keys , constraints design issues16.Rational model Structure , Relational Algebra hierarchical model
Network modelobject oriented model
17.Structured query language Basic structure , set operations , Aggregatefunctions .Null values
18.Relational Database and storage Pitfalls in Relational Design Database Functional Dependencies
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19.Overall Database design process multi valued Dependencies20.Data storage Ordered indices, static Hashing , Dynamic Hashing21.Database system Architecture and information retrieval Centralized and
client server Architecture
22.Distributed DBMS , Data mining , Data integration , Data warehousingUnit 5: Algorithms
23.Simple Algorithms- Analyzing Algorithms , Asymptotic notation24.Design methods General consideration Algorithms Design paradigms and
Representative problems: Divide and conquer (Binary Search, Merge sort)
25.Greedy method ( minimal Spanning Tree) Dynamic programming ( chainedmatrix multiplication )
26.Longest common subsequence Back tracking (8-queens problem ) , Branchand Bound (0/1, knapsack problem)
27.String matching problem, Brute force method, KMP Algorithm Boyer Moore Algorithm . Approximate string matching
PROJECT WORK
Carry out a small research project on any topic related to Bio Informatics
and submit a brief dissertation at the end of 8th
semester. The dissertation
will be valued by an examiner
Books
1. Molecular modeling Principles and applications- Andrew. R. Leach2. Protein structure and molecular properties Creighton .T.E
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3. Introduction to protein Architecture Lesk , A-M4. Introduction of molecular crystallography McPherson .A5. Structural Bio Informatics Philip .E. et.al6. Introduction to protein structureBrandel. C and Tooze .J7. Structure and mechanism in protein science Fersht . W.H8. Protein folding Creighton . T.E9. Database System concepts silberschatz. A . etal.,10.An introduction to database systems Date, C.J11.Fundamentals of Database systems Elmastri and navathe12.Principles of Database system Ullman . J.D13.Data Structure Lipshutz14.Data StructureStandish15.Fundamentals of computer Algorithms Horowitz. E and sahanis16.Introduction to the design and Analysis of AlgorithmsGoodman SE and
Hedetniemi
17.Algorithmics Brassard. G18.ChemoinformaticsGasteiger
B. Tech-Minor subject
IVth
Year-Semester-II
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BiologyElective-3
Bioinformatics: Paper-III
(Genomics, Proteomics and Drug Designing)
Unit 1: Genomics
1. Human Genome project, its importance2. Genome projects- bacteria, plants and animals3. Preparation of Gene chips, Gene chip analysis using bio informatics4. Introduction-Basic steps for gene expressionconcept of micro array-Types of micro array-Spotted array, Oligonucleotide array.5. Designing the experimentTwo color micro array experiment-clustering
gene expression profileself organizing maps.
6. Tools for micro array analysis- Soft finder, Xcluster, Micro array DataManager (MADAM)-Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE).
7. Micro array experimentation- fabrication Application of micro array-Medical application.
Unit 2: Proteomics
8. Protein chipspreparation , analysis of protein chips.9. Introduction Proteomics an analytical challenge- The life and death of
protein.
10.Methods in Protein separationIsoelectric point, One dimensionalSDS-PAGE,2D-SDS-PAGE. Problem with 2D-SDS-PAGE.
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11.High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)-Capillaryelectrophoresis-Protein digestion technique.
12.Protein analysis technique- biological Mass spectroscopy for ProteinanalysisProtein identification by peptide mass finger printing.
13.Separation of Proteins by 2D gels- protein- protein interaction usingyeast two hybrid systems.
Unit 3: Protein Sequencing
14.Introduction Cleavage of disulphide bond and separation ofpolypeptide chain-Chemical hydrolysis of Polypeptide chain and
determination of amino acid composition.
15.Steps in the determination of amino acid sequences-Enzymatic methodfor protein sequencing identification of c-terminal residues of peptide.
16.Partial hydrolysis of Polypeptide chain-Separation and analysis ofpeptide-Ordering the peptide fragment-assignment of position of
disulphide linkage.
Unit 4: Sequence Alignment
17.Introduction-Definition of sequence alignment-Definition of Local andglobal sequence alignment-Differences between local and global
sequence alignments with examples.
18.Pair wise sequence alignment and multiple sequence alignment-dotmatrix method.
19.Useful program for alignment-Clustal W, BLAST p, Application of BioEdit,Application of pair wise and multiple alignment.
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62/75
Unit 5: Gene Prediction Approaches
20.Gene Prediction methods-Laboratory based approach-Feature basedapproach-Homology based approach-Statistical and HMM approaches.
21.Finding functional sites with internet tool(Web gene server), BCMfinder, ORF Finder
22.Splice site prediction, poly A site, CpG island, Exon, tRNA geneprediction.
Unit 4: Gene Mapping
23.Introduction to Gene Map, Genetic maps-Restriction Fragment Lengthpolymorphism (RFLP).
24.Variable Number Tandem Repeats(VNTR)-Sequence Tagged Sites(STS)-Expressed Sequences Tags(EST)
25.Physical Maps-Chromosomal maps-Expression maps-Radiation hybridmap-chromosome jumping-chromosome walking.
26.Genome Sequencing-Clone based Sequencing-Shot gun Sequencingmethod-Pyrosequencing-Sequence assembly program.
Unit 9: Drug Designing
27.Introduction-Natural product-Drugs-Principles of drug development.28.Bioinformatics in drug development-Chemoinformatics and
pharmacoinformatics.
29.Applications of Drug discovery and in-silico Drug Designing.30.Structure based drug designing approaches-Target identification and
validation, homology modeling and protein folding.
31.Receptor mapping, active site analysis and pharmacophore mapping-Grid maps.
32.Ligand-based drug designing approaches: Lead Designing, CombinatorialChemistry.
8/4/2019 B.tech Syllabus(Core Cours)
63/75
33.High Throughput Screening (HTS), QSAR, Database generation andChemical libraries. ADME property.
34.Introduction to docking methods to generate new structure-Tools andmolecular docking programs-Auto Dock, Dock, HEX.
SCHEME OF EXAMINATIONS
1. Theory examination ------------20%2. Assignment -----------------------25%3. Project --------------------------- -30%4. Class preparation ---------------10%5. Record -----------------------------5%6. Viva --------------------------------5%
BOOKS
1. Principles of Genome Analysis and Genomics-Primrose, S.B and Twyman,R.M.Blackwell published company.
2. Introduction to proteomics-Tools for the new biology-Liebler, D.C.-Humanpress Inc.
3. Bioinformatics and functional Genomics-Pevsner,J-John Wiley and sons.4. Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analasysis-Mount, D-cold spring
Harbar Laboratory press.
5. Molecular modeling-Principles and Applications-Andrew R.Leach-prenticeHall.
6. Strategies for organic Drug Discovery synthesis and Design-Lednicer.D-Wiley International Publishers.
7. Combinatorial Chemistry- A practical approach-Fenniri-H-Oxford universitypress.
8. Biotechnology and GenomicsGupta.P.K9. Plant Genomics and proteomics- Cullis.C.A10.Computer aided drug design: methods and applications-Thamas.J.
8/4/2019 B.tech Syllabus(Core Cours)
64/75
B.Tech-Minor subject
IIIrd
Year-Semester-II
Biology elective-4
8/4/2019 B.tech Syllabus(Core Cours)
65/75
Engineering Biology-Paper-1- Biomaterials
Unit 1: Introduction to biomaterials
1. Biomaterials definition, history and evolution, subjects integral to biomaterials
2. Classification of biomaterials, metals, ceramics, polymers and biomedical
application
Unit 2: Properties of biomaterials
3. Bulk property of materials, atomic structure, bonding, crystal and
microstructure
4. Mechanical properties of biomaterials elastic behavior, stress and strain,
tension and compression, shear stress,
5. Mechanical property of some implant material and tissues, mechanical testing
6. Brittle fracture, plastic deformation, creep and viscous flow
7. Fatigue, toughness and finite element analysis
8. Surface properties and surface characterization and surface analysis
Unit 3: Polymers
9. Natural and synthetic polymer, polymer synthesis
10. Polymer molecular weight, polydispersity, tacticity, crystallinity
11. Mechanical and thermal property, characterization Techniques, determination
of structure
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12. Polymeric biomaterials and its application, silicone Biomaterials
13. Medical Fibers and Biotextiles and construction and application of fibers
14. Hydrogels, preparation, smart hydrogels and application
15. Bioresorbable and Bioerodible Materials: Degradable Materials, degradable
polymers like PHB, PHV, & Copolymers, Polycaprolactone, Polyanhydrides, PLA,
PGA & copolymers and other degradable polymers.
16. Degradation of polymer: phase of degradation, factors for degradation,
Factors affecting polymer stability, Bioerosion, Sterilization and Packaging.
Unit 4: Metallic biomaterials
17. Stainless steel, cobalt alloy, titanium alloy, shape memory alloys, dental
alloys, tantalum,
18. Hard tissue replacement implant: Orthopedic implants, Dental implants.
19. Soft tissue replacement implants: Percutaneous and skin implants, Vascular
implants, Heart valve implants-Tailor made composite in medium.
Unit 5: Ceramics, Glasses and Glass-Ceramics Biomaterials
20. Bioactive ceramics
21. Inert ceramics
22. Importance of wear resistance and low fracture toughness
23. Application of ceramics
Unit 6: Natural materials and modification of natural materials
24. Natural materials and modification of natural materials
Unit 7: Composite biomaterials and applications
25. Composite biomaterials and applications
Unit 8: Carbon material
8/4/2019 B.tech Syllabus(Core Cours)
67/75
26. Pyrolytic carbon and diamond-like carbon
Unit 9: Biological response of biomaterials
27. Biological response: host response, material response, inert, interactive,
viable and replant biomaterials
28. Protein interactions with biomaterials
29. Cell interactions with biomaterials
30. Biomaterials and thrombosis
31. Biomaterial implantation and acute inflammation
32. Wound healing and the presence of biomaterials
33. Immune response and biomaterials
34. Infection, tumorigenesis and calcification of biomaterials
35. Fibrosis/ Fibrous Encapsulation, Foreign body reaction, Granulation Tissue,
Chronic Inflammation, Techniques for Cell/Tissue analysis
Unit 10: Non fouling surface and surface modification
36. Non fouling surfaces
37. Surface modification techniques: Physicochemical Surface Modification
LABORATORY
Mechanical properties of bone
Mechanical Properties of bone: Bone Screw Pull-out Test. Tensile testing ofvarious screw thread types and sizes in fresh animal cortical bone.
Mesh Implant Analysis.
Project: Determine Coefficient of Friction of an Artificial Knee Joint.
8/4/2019 B.tech Syllabus(Core Cours)
68/75
Material Handling / Endoscopic Surgery Simulation
Surface Analysis of Biomaterials: SEM Experiment/Demo
Demonstration of sample preparation and imaging using a SEM
Producing biomaterial like mouth guard
Reference books
PARK J.B., Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Plenum Press, 1984.
Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine Buddy D. Ratner,
Frederick J. Schoen, Allan S. Hoffman, Jack E. Lemons
Hench L L Ethridgc E.C. Biomaterials, an interfacial approach, Academic press
1982
Bronzino J D, the biomedical engineering handbook CRC Press
B.Tech-Minor subject
IVth
Year-Semester-I
Biology elective-4
Engineering Biology -Paper-II
8/4/2019 B.tech Syllabus(Core Cours)
69/75
Bioengineering II - Biomaterials design and Application and Tissue
engineering
Unit 1: Biomaterial design
1. Potential and demand for new biomaterials
2. Fundamentals of material science applied in biomaterial design
3. Systematic approach to design a new biomaterial
4. Material characterization: Bulk analysis, surface analysis, mechanical test,
biological response
5. Invivo invitro testing, Clinical trials, failure of implants
6. Govt. regulation, patent, economic impact, ethics
Unit 2: Applications of biomaterials
7. Successful biomaterials, cardiovascular devices
8. Nonthrombogenic treatments and Strategies, Dental implantation adhesive and
Sealants
9. Ophthalmologic applications-intraocular lens implants, orthopedic
biomaterials,
10. Performance of drug delivery systems
11. Sutures, Burn dressings and Skin substitutes
12. Artificial organs and tissues: Implantable cardiac assist devices. Materials for
extracorporeal devices, Cochlear implants. Artificial red blood cell substitutes,artificial veins and arteries,
13. Biosensor, Surface-Immobilized Biomolecules, biochip, tissue engineering,
control release of drug, nano biomaterial
14. New areas of innovation in biomaterial
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Unit 3: Introduction to tissue engineering
15. Basic definition; current scope of development; use in therapeutics and in
vitro testing
16. Structure and organization of tissues: epithelial, connective; vascularity,
lymph. Basic developmental biology
Unit 4: Transport properties of tissues
17. Introduction to mass transfer
18. Diffusion of simple metabolites
19. Diffusion & reaction
20. Diffusion & reaction of proteins
21. General aspects of cells in culture; transport limits on 3D cultures
Unit 5: Tissue growth and microenvironment
22. Cell-Matrix & Cell-Cell Interactions I
23. Cell-Matrix & Cell-Cell Interactions II
24. Differential cell adhesion & tissue organization
25. Hormone & Growth Factor Signaling
26. Growth factor delivery in tissue engineering
27. Cell proliferation and Apoptosis
28. Quantitative analysis of receptor-ligand binding
29. Applications of growth factors: VEGF/angiogenesis
Unit 6: Scaffold for tissue engineering
30. Scaffolds & tissue engineering - Basic properties
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31. Scaffolds used in tissue engineering
32. Basic transplantation immunology and tissue repair
Unit 7: Stem cells
33. Stem Cells I: Introduction, Hematopoiesis
34. Stem Cells II: ES cells
35. Stem cells & bone
Unit 8: Cell migration
36. Cell Migration
37. Control of cell migration in tissue engineering
Unit 9: Application of tissue engineering
38. Application of tissue engineering: cardiovascular tissue engineering,
orthopedics
39. Case study of multiple approaches: Introduction to liver pathophysiology, Cell
transplantation for liver tissue engineering, In vitro organogenesis, Physiological
models
LABORATORY
Cells in culture on different kinds of matrix - different cell types, staining, etc
Scaffolds
Cell surface markers, FACS analysis, repopulation experiments
Tissue engineering of fat
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72/75
Tissue characterization
Quantitative analysis and Morphometric investigation of a living cell system
Reference books:
Principles of tissue engineering (3rd edition, Edited by Langer, Lanza, and Vacanti,
Academic press)
Tissue engineering: From Lab to Clinic (Pallua, Norbert; Suschek, Christoph V.
(Eds.))
Semester VI - B.Tech
Biology minor elective
8/4/2019 B.tech Syllabus(Core Cours)
73/75
Engineering Biology - Biomaterials
Introduction to biomaterials, properties of biomaterials, polymers properties and
application, metallic biomaterials, ceramics, glasses and Glass-Ceramics
Biomaterials, Composite biomaterials and applications, Carbon material,
Biological response of biomaterials, Non fouling surface and surface modification.
Semester VII - B.Tech
Biology minor elective
8/4/2019 B.tech Syllabus(Core Cours)
74/75
Engineering Biology II - Biomaterials design and Application and Tissue
engineering
Biomaterial design, Applications of biomaterials, Introduction to tissue
engineering, transport properties of tissue, tissue growth and microenvironment,
Scaffold for tissue engineering, Stem cells, Cell migration, Application of tissue
engineering,
Semester VIII - B.Tech
Biology minor elective
8/4/2019 B.tech Syllabus(Core Cours)
75/75
Engineering Biology II Biomechanics and image processing
Biomechanics: arterial system, oxygen to bioartificial organs, tissue, cellular and
molecular biomechanics. Image processing: applications, components,
characterization of continuous images, Image classes, 2D Fourier transform,
image acquisition, characterization of discrete images, image processing
operations, Introduction to image analysis and computer vision.