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ANTEBELLUM AMERICA

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Lead up to the Civil War

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Manifest Destiny The belief that it was God’s will that

America spread west to the Pacific Ocean Most people believed this The country spread west with…

Texas Mexican American War California Gold Rush Presidents supported people moving west

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Annexation of Texas Annexation- the process where a territory

or country is added to another country Texas was part of Mexico

White settlers outnumbered Hispanic citizens Texas declared independence and fought a

war with Mexico Alamo

Texas asked Congress to become a state Congress added Texas as a state in 1845.

It took a while because Texas allowed slavery

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Mexican-American War Mexico was upset over the United States

annexing Texas They invaded Texas

The United States invaded Mexico The United States won the war (1846-

1848) Results

United States got the Northern territories of Mexico Make up all or parts of 7 states today

The United States now stretched to the Pacific Ocean

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Manifest Destiny

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California Gold Rush In 1848, Gold was

discovered in the new California Territory

In 1849, many people moved west to get rich from the gold

Helped to settle California In 1850, California had

enough people to become a state Problem- would it allow

slavery or not?

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Sectionalism Sectionalism- the belief by a people in a region

that their ideas or interests are more important then others

Around 1850, it was clear America was divided into 3 sections with 3 different views of the country Most noticeable were between North and South

States rights- the belief that a state’s interests should be more important then the national interests

States rights concerns: Slavery and Tariffs (taxes on goods from other countries)

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North-South DivisionWho would control the new states in the west?

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Differences between the north and south were many. The big issues were:

SLAVERY

STATES’ RIGHTS

TARRIFS

The Southern culture was very different from the north as well

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Southern Culture Planters- plantation owners who

owned most of the slaves, top of the social ladder, only about 3% of population

Yoeman farmer- poor white farmers, did NOT own slaves (too poor), made up about 75% of the population

Free blacks- only 6% lived in the south

Slaves were at the very bottom of society, but not all slaves had the same life

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Slave society Overseer- the person who

managed the slaves on a plantation. Usually white

Driver- the person who usually worked the slaves in the field. Usually black

House slaves generally had a more comfortable life and were generally treated better

Field hands had the hardest life and generally treated worst

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Issues leading to the Civil WarEconomy Slavery

What would new states support?

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Southern Economy By 1800, the economy in

the south wasn’t growing Tobacco was hurting the

soil Eli Whitney’s cotton gin

helped make cotton a money making crop

As cotton production increased… The economy of the south

grew The cost of slaves increased The number of slaves needed

by planters increased

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Abolitionists Abolition- the movement to end

slavery Abolitionists supported it Most were in the North The movement started with religious

movements The movement angered many

southerners Frederick Douglass

Famous abolitionist, orator (public speaker), and newspaper editor

Freed black who worked to end slavery

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Efforts to avoid war The differences between the north and south

were growing Many efforts were made to avoid a “civil war Efforts to avoid the Civil War include:

The Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850 The Kansas-Nebraska Act

Some factors continued to lead to war Factors leading to the Civil War

Dred Scott Decision Activities of abolitionists and spread of abolitionism The Republican party and Lincoln’s election

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Missouri Compromise In 1819, there were 22 states

11 free states- states that outlawed slavery 11 slave states- states that allowed slavery

Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state A compromise was reached

Missouri was allowed as a slave state

Maine was allowed as a free state

No states above Missouri’s southern border were allowed to have slavery

Kept the peace for a while

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Dred Scott Decison In 1834, Dred Scott, a slave,

traveled with his master from Missouri (a slave state) to Wisconsin (a free state)

In 1857, Scott, after he and his master returned to Missouri sued for his freedom (since he had lived in a free state (Wisconsin)

The case went to the Supreme Court The Supreme Court ruled:

Dred Scott could not sue because he was a slave and slaves are NOT citizens

This angered many in the north and got both sides closer to war.

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Compromise of 1850

California enters as a “Free State”

Slave trade ends in Washington DC

Texas will not annex western territories

Utah & NM territories decide their own “slavery” issues

Fugitive Slave Law inacted …runaway slaves must be returned

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Kansas-Nebraska Act

New territories will test the concept of popular sovereignty …The idea that the population vote on their own future of slavery

1st tested in 1854 when the Kansas population grew high enough to consider applying for statehood

Pro-slavery people from the South & Abolitionists from the North moved into the territory to shift the vote their way

People brought their weapons & began open conflict …This “mini Civil War” became known as BLEEDING KANSAS

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SLAVERY

Marriage was encouraged, but not legally recognized

Religious practices were allowed, but education outlawed

Planters & politicians feared slave rebellions

SLAVE CODES were established … these rules regulated almost every aspect of slave life. EX: A slave leaving the plantation MUST have documents stating their business, destination, time frame, etc

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Help for SlavesJohn Brown was hanged as punishment for unsuccessful raid on a federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, VA … & became a martyr

Nat Turner led the bloodiest slave revolt in US history … 1831, VA, about 80 dead … he was captured & hanged

Underground RR … a secret series of safe houses where escaping slaves could rest on their journey to freedom in the north

Harriet Tubman escaped, but returned to help others do the same

Sojourner Truth was freed when NY abolished slavery & spent her life preaching to others about the horrors of slavery

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ANTEBELLUM GA.Series 1

Category 1Category 2Category 3Category 4

1860 – 100%+ increase in cotton production in the past 20 years

Only 236 owned more than 100 slaves

Over 50% of all state wealth ($ 400 million) was in slaves alone

Most farms had less than 100 acres

Most GA industry was cotton mills

1850 – EDUCATION: 20% of white Georgians could NOT read or write

RELIGION : Only VA had more churches

POLITICS: Democrats & Whigs = major parties

Stephens & Toombs (Whigs) supported the “GA Platform”… Our state (to remain in the union) should support the 1850 Compromise

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1860 ELECTION 1854- Republican Party founded

(abolitionists) Democrats could not agree on a single

candidate & so ran against each other Abraham Lincoln gets less than 40% , but

wins Southern states threaten to secede Lincoln promised NOT to impact slavery Stephens asked GA politicians NOT to

secede Dec. 20, 1860 SC secedes … leaves the US 1/19/61: GA votes (2:1) = Independent

Republic 2/4/61 … Confederate States of America

formed {SC, GA, FL, AL, MS, LA, & TX} … Davis

(MS) = Pres., Stephens (GA) = VP, Toombs (GA) = Sec St

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CIVIL WAR

Chapter 8


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