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Page 1: Ancient Greece. The Geography of Greece Geography Peninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean SeasPeninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean Seas Sea = trade, ideasSea.

Ancient GreeceAncient Greece

Page 2: Ancient Greece. The Geography of Greece Geography Peninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean SeasPeninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean Seas Sea = trade, ideasSea.

The Geography of Greece

The Geography of Greece

Page 3: Ancient Greece. The Geography of Greece Geography Peninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean SeasPeninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean Seas Sea = trade, ideasSea.

GeographyGeography

• Peninsula- Mediterranean / Peninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean SeasAegean Seas

• Sea = trade, ideasSea = trade, ideas

• Mountain Valleys divide into Mountain Valleys divide into city-statescity-states

• Rocky Islands limit fertile landRocky Islands limit fertile land

Page 4: Ancient Greece. The Geography of Greece Geography Peninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean SeasPeninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean Seas Sea = trade, ideasSea.

AgricultureAgriculture

• Good climate but bad terrain (very Good climate but bad terrain (very mountainous)mountainous)– Hilly ground: grapesHilly ground: grapes– Rocky soil: olivesRocky soil: olives– Good soil: corn and wheatGood soil: corn and wheat

• Sea was very importantSea was very important– Homer describes various fishing methods Homer describes various fishing methods

using hooks, nets, and harpoon in both the using hooks, nets, and harpoon in both the IliadIliad and the and the OdysseyOdyssey

Page 5: Ancient Greece. The Geography of Greece Geography Peninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean SeasPeninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean Seas Sea = trade, ideasSea.
Page 6: Ancient Greece. The Geography of Greece Geography Peninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean SeasPeninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean Seas Sea = trade, ideasSea.
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Bronze Age GreeceBronze Age Greece

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Crete: Minoan Civilization

(Palace at Knossos)

Crete: Minoan Civilization

(Palace at Knossos)

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Knossos: Minoan Civilization

Knossos: Minoan Civilization

Early Greeks on Crete

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The Mycenaean Civilization

The Mycenaean Civilization

*1st Greek speakers*Seatraders*Influenced by Egypt*Trojan War- economic Rivalry W/ Troy

Page 11: Ancient Greece. The Geography of Greece Geography Peninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean SeasPeninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean Seas Sea = trade, ideasSea.

Trojan WarTrojan War

• About 1200 B.C., the About 1200 B.C., the Mycenaeans fought the Mycenaeans fought the Trojan War with the city of Trojan War with the city of Troy in AnatoliaTroy in Anatolia

• At the same time, foreigners At the same time, foreigners invaded the Mycenaean invaded the Mycenaean homelandhomeland

• From 1100 to 800 B.C., From 1100 to 800 B.C., chaos reigned throughout chaos reigned throughout the eastern Mediterraneanthe eastern Mediterranean

• In the absence of a In the absence of a centralized state or empire, centralized state or empire, local institutions took the local institutions took the lead in restoring political lead in restoring political order to Greeceorder to Greece– City-statesCity-states

The Trojan Horse

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GREEK GODSGREEK GODS

• Polytheists- gods live Polytheists- gods live on Mt Olympuson Mt Olympus

• Common Greek culture Common Greek culture formsforms

• ZEUS = god, humansZEUS = god, humans• HERA= marriageHERA= marriage• POSEIDON = seaPOSEIDON = sea• APHRODITE = loveAPHRODITE = love• ARES = warARES = war• ATHENA = wisdomATHENA = wisdom

Page 13: Ancient Greece. The Geography of Greece Geography Peninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean SeasPeninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean Seas Sea = trade, ideasSea.

Homer: The “Heroic Age”

Homer: The “Heroic Age”

*Wandering blind poet

*Wrote Iliad and Odyssey

“Every man make up his mind to fight and move on his enemy…It’s hard for me to face so many men and with all at once.. And yet I will”- Achilles (the Iliad)

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VocabularyVocabulary

–Polis = city-statePolis = city-state–Acropolis = High city within polisAcropolis = High city within polis–Monarchy = King with central powerMonarchy = King with central power–Aristocracy = Rule by landholding eliteAristocracy = Rule by landholding elite–Oligarchy = Small, powerful elite Oligarchy = Small, powerful elite

business class rulebusiness class rule–Phalanx= formation of heavily armed Phalanx= formation of heavily armed

soldierssoldiers

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ATHENS: Yesterday & Today

ATHENS: Yesterday & Today

Most powerful Greek city - state

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Piraeus: Athens’ Port City

Piraeus: Athens’ Port City

Page 18: Ancient Greece. The Geography of Greece Geography Peninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean SeasPeninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean Seas Sea = trade, ideasSea.

Early AthensEarly AthensMonarchy Aristocracy

- People begin to resent nobles, wants rights

- Democracy = Gov’t by the people

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SpartaSparta

• City-State in southCity-State in south• Many captured slaves = strict societyMany captured slaves = strict society• Gov’t = 2 kings & councilGov’t = 2 kings & council• Military society- boys age 7 -30= live in barracks, Military society- boys age 7 -30= live in barracks,

traintrain• Isolated, frowned on trade, wealth = no new ideas, Isolated, frowned on trade, wealth = no new ideas,

art, etc…art, etc…• Becomes rival of Athens- compete for power, Becomes rival of Athens- compete for power,

influence in Greek worldinfluence in Greek world

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Athenian democracyAthenian democracy

• Males can voteMales can vote• 500 man 500 man

legislaturelegislature• Slaves, women Slaves, women

– no rights– no rights• Boys are Boys are

educatededucated

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Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE

Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE

•Athens & Sparta vs. Persia

•Victories @ Marathon & Thermopylae = Greeks win

•Believe gods protect superior form of gov’t

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Persian Wars: Famous BattlesPersian Wars: Famous Battles$ Marathon (490 BCE)§ 26 miles from Athens

$ Thermopylae (480 BCE)§ 300 Spartans at the

Mountain pass

$ Salamis (480 BCE)§ Athenian navy victorious

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Golden “Age of Pericles”:

460 BCE – 429 BCE

Golden “Age of Pericles”:

460 BCE – 429 BCE•Direct Democracy- all males, regardless of wealth / class

•Salaries paid to elected officials (poor can serve)

•Assembly meets often- 6,000 + needed to vote

•“power is in the hands, not of a minority, but the whole people”- Pericles

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Great Athenian Philosophers

Great Athenian Philosophers$ Philospher

§ “Lover of Wisdom”

§ Believe events not caused by whim of gods

§ Observe / reason to find real cause

$ Examples§ Socrates Aristotle

§ Plato

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Great Athenian Philosophers

Great Athenian Philosophers$ Socrates

§ Questions everything

§ Controversial?

§ Executed at age 70 for “corrupting youth and disrespecting gods”

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Great Athenian Philosophers»PlatoPlato

*Ideal state not democracy*Ideal state not democracy- Workers produceWorkers produce- Soldiers defendSoldiers defend- Philosophers rulePhilosophers rule- Wisest = LeaderWisest = Leader

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Great Athenian Philosophers• AristotleAristotle–Favors gov’t Favors gov’t

led by single led by single virtuous virtuous leaderleader

–Democracy = Democracy = mob rulemob rule

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Athens: The Arts & Sciences

Athens: The Arts & Sciences$ DRAMA (tragedians):

§ Aeschylus

§ Sophocles

§ Euripides

$ THE SCIENCES:§ Pythagoras

§ Democritus all matter made up of small atoms.

§ Hippocrates “Father of Medicine”

Page 29: Ancient Greece. The Geography of Greece Geography Peninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean SeasPeninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean Seas Sea = trade, ideasSea.

Phidias’ AcropolisPhidias’ Acropolis

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The Acropolis TodayThe Acropolis Today

Page 31: Ancient Greece. The Geography of Greece Geography Peninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean SeasPeninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean Seas Sea = trade, ideasSea.

The ParthenonThe Parthenon

*Built on the acropolis during the reign of Pericles

* Symbol of democracy, classic Greek Architecture

Page 32: Ancient Greece. The Geography of Greece Geography Peninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean SeasPeninsula- Mediterranean / Aegean Seas Sea = trade, ideasSea.

Influence of Greek ArchitectureInfluence of Greek Architecture

The Parthenon The Lincoln Memorial

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The Classical Greek “Ideal”

The Classical Greek “Ideal”

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The Ancient Olympics:

Athletes & Trainers

The Ancient Olympics:

Athletes & TrainersGreat runner, four times victor at the Games,But for a war you would have known no fame.Though exiled from the bubbling springs of home,Your swift pace made a new land's fields your own.- Pindar, Olympian Ode 12, 460BC

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Olympia: Temple to Hera

Olympia: Temple to Hera

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The 2004 OlympicsThe 2004 Olympics

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SPARTASPARTA

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SPARTASPARTA

Forms Peloponnesian League to counter Athens’ Delian League

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Peloponnesian WarsPeloponnesian Wars

•Sparta defeats Athens

•Geography

•Disease

•Persia

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Macedonia Under Philip II

Macedonia Under Philip II

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Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great

•Forms vast empire

•Cultures blend- Greek ideas spread

•Alexandria=Egypt. City between 3 continents

•Stoicism=philosophy of life- avoid desires & disappointments by accepting life calmly

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Alexander the Great’s EmpireAlexander the Great’s Empire

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Alexander the Great in Persia

Alexander the Great in Persia

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The Hellenization of Asia

The Hellenization of Asia

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Pergamum: A Hellenistic CityPergamum: A Hellenistic City

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The Economy of the Hellenistic World

The Economy of the Hellenistic World

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Hellenistic PhilosophersHellenistic

Philosophers$ Cynics Diogenes§ ignore social conventions &

avoid luxuries.

§ citizens of the world.

§ live a humble, simple life.

$ Epicurians Epicurus§ avoid pain & seek pleasure.

§ all excess leads to pain!

§ politics should be avoided.

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Hellenistic PhilosophersHellenistic

Philosophers$ Stoics Zeno§ nature is the expansion of divine

will.

§ concept of natural law.

§ get involved in politics, not for personal gain, but toperform virtuous acts for the good of all.

§ true happiness is found ingreat achievements.

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Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences

Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences$ Scientists /

Mathematicians:§ Aristarchus heliocentric theory.

§ Euclid geometry

§ Archimedes pulley

$ Hellenistic Art:§ More realistic; less ideal than Hellenic

art.

§ Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!

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The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire

The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire


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