500 pound gorilla vs. 150 pound human

© West Educational Publishing

500 pound gorilla vs.

150 pound human


How much do each of their brains weigh?


Gorilla’s Brain =

1 pound

Human’s Brain = 3 pounds


Brain to Body Ratio

1:500Brain to Body Ratio

3:150If the human brain were of the same ratio as the gorilla’s, our brain would only weigh 5 ounces!


It’s an amazing 3 pound mass that separates us from all other animals!If you were to compare humans to other animals in any other area (strength, endurance, vision, hearing, and so on) humans would seem less remarkable.


OBJECTIVES:● List consequences that can occur if the frontal lobe is damaged.

● Discover how verbal tasks interfere with right-handed motor skills – results of the Kinsbourne & Cook study (1971)

● Describe condition known as agnosia.

● Identify which parts of the brain were activated while viewing a video clip.


Temporal Lobe “Hearing”

Demonstration

(Humming the Star Spangled Banner)


FRONTAL LOBE

• CORE OF THE PERSONALITY


FRONTAL LOBEIf damaged, here’s a likely list of consequences:

• Inappropriate emotions

• Socially unacceptable behaviors (usually meaning fewer inhibitions)

• Inability to make long-range plans

• Easily distracted• Difficulty

integrating facts


FRONTAL LOBEExample of a person

with frontal lobe damage:He/she goes into the bedroom to make the bed, becomes distracted by the wallpaper, which he/she decides need to be changed, and rips it down!


Hemisphere Dominance Demonstration


Kinsbourne & Cook Study - 1971Subjects completed a verbal task while balancing a wooden rod on either the left or the right finger.

Subjects were able to balance the rod longer on their left finger than on their right.

Apparently, a verbal task (left-hemisphere skill) interferes with a right-handed motor skill (a left-hemisphere motor-strip task).


Imagine gazing at a running shoe, taking in the laces and the color of the stripes, drawing the shoe on a big piece of paper with crayons, yet not being able to identify the object as a shoe…

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cheerfulgivers.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/crayons1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cheerfulgivers.org/2007/08/got-crayons/&usg=__lLd-IE9lnjJRnREsm5hUCjmdc54=&h=480&w=600&sz=144&hl=en&start=5&zoom=1&itbs=1&tbnid=G9eL6Mej9rCgLM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcrayons%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DG%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&ei=3H1kTcfZLNC1twfPqviHBg


AGNOSIA….

AKA: Mindblindness

- Results from brain injury

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cheerfulgivers.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/crayons1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cheerfulgivers.org/2007/08/got-crayons/&usg=__lLd-IE9lnjJRnREsm5hUCjmdc54=&h=480&w=600&sz=144&hl=en&start=5&zoom=1&itbs=1&tbnid=G9eL6Mej9rCgLM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcrayons%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DG%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&ei=3H1kTcfZLNC1twfPqviHBg


If a person with agnosia is able to feel the object (however), he/she can then name the object without hesitation.

Several senses need to be stimulated in order for a whole picture to develop.

Some people develop facial agnosia, where they may not be able to identify their own family members until they hear their voices.


OBJECTIVES:● Describe what the Broca’s area is and results if the area is damaged.

● Discover which of your motor strips is dominant.

● Describe the Mozart effect.

● Name/list famous left-handed people.

● Describe what split brain is & how it affects a person with a split brain..

● Discover how to utilize both sides of the brain while taking notes.


Broca’s Area

Wernicke’s Area


Question:If both a woman and a man have a stroke that damages this area (Broca’s area), who is more likely to recover?


Question:If both a woman and a man have a stroke that damages this area (Broca’s area), who is more likely to recover?

Brain imaging techniques reveal that many women process speech and language in both hemispheres, so a woman is much more likely to recover her verbal skills.


WERNICKE’S area is located in the left temporal lobe and is involved in the process of understanding (processing) words we hear spoken.


Exploration – Motor Strip Dominance

Make tallies under these categories:

Left Right No Preference

when I ask you the following questions……. (Go with what comes first/naturally.)


Exploration – Motor Strip Dominance

1) Which hand do you write with?2) Which hand holds scissors?3) Which hand holds a hammer?4) Which arm goes first into a jacket?5) Which arm goes into the loop of a

backpack/book bag first?6) Which hand is on top when you clap?7) Which hand deals out cards?8) Which foot kicks a ball?



Tom Cruise

David Archuleta

&&

Kasey Kahne


In 1998, Governor Zell Miller of Georgia made sure every baby born in his state received an audiotape with classical music on it.

A number of studies have show the positive effects music can have on

the brain and this was one attempt at applying some of these findings.


THE MOZART EFFECT

Study done at the University of California at Irvine.

Researchers found that listening to Mozart prior to completing a spatial task improved spatial reasoning.


SPLIT BRAIN- David McNeil (@University of Chicago)- Left-Hemisphere seems to specialize in

linguistic coding: Syntax & Grammar- Right-Hemisphere seems to specialize

in imagery, which may be reflected through gestures.

- During discourse, it’s common for split-brain patients to speak, pause, then gesture, then resume speaking again.

- CONCLUSION: BOTH HEMISPHERES ARE INVOLVED IN LANGUAGE.


SPLIT BRAIN – Story Problem

Split-Brain Sam is blind-folded. With his LEFT hand, he picks up a bell. He feels it… He rings it…. He knows it’s a bell.

Would he be able to SAY it is a bell?


SPLIT BRAIN – Story Problem (Answer)Since he CAN HEAR it, since BOTH EARS hear the bell, both hemispheres also “hear” it, and the talking left-hemisphere would be able to say, “It’s a bell.”

HOWEVER, if he just picked it up and did NOT ring it, Split-Brain Sam probably would NOT be able to verbalize that the object name is “bell.”


Kent State (Front Campus)


Kent State (Front Campus)

HIPPOCAMPUS = MEMORIES



The brain is remarkable in what it can do. This lecture will show that the brain plays an important part in everything we think and do.

Brain, Body and Behavior

CHAPTER 3

EXIT


The brain is remarkable in what it can do. This lecture will show that the brain plays an important part in everything we think and do.

Brain, Body and Behavior

CHAPTER 3

EXIT


Cerebral Cortex

The cerebral cortex is the outermost layer of the brain and controls very high level thought processes.

EXIT


Front

Right

Rear

Left

The Corpus Callosum is a thin band of tissues inside the fissure.

EXIT


Tasks of the Cerebral Hemispheres

The brain is divided into halves. Each half, or hemisphere, controls the opposite side of the body.

EXIT


The cerebral cortex covers, protects, and influences the lower brain structures.

The Lower Brain

Cerebral cortex

Hypothalamus

Cerebral cortex

Thalamus

Cerebellum

Click for more information.

Corpus callosum

Pituitary

Reticular activating system

Hippocampus

Thalamus

Cerebellum

Hypothalamus

Amygdala

EXIT


The Lower BrainThe thalamus acts as a relay station to send incoming and outgoing messages to appropriate areas in the brain.

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Cerebral cortex

Thalamus

Cerebellum


Corpus callosum

Pituitary


Hippocampus

Cerebellum

Hypothalamus

Amygdala

Cerebral cortex

EXIT


The Lower Brain

The hypothalamus controls hunger, pleasure, thirst, rage, and sexual desire.

Hypothalamus

Hypothalamus

Cerebral cortex

Thalamus

Cerebellum


Corpus callosum

Pituitary


Hippocampus

Cerebellum

Thalamus

Amygdala

Cerebral cortex

EXIT


The Lower Brain

The cerebellum helps you to stand upright and keeps your movements coordinated.

Cerebellum

Hypothalamus

Cerebral cortex

Thalamus

Cerebellum


Corpus callosum

Pituitary


HippocampusHypothalamus

Thalamus

Amygdala

Cerebral cortex

EXIT


The Limbic System is involved with basic emotions and memory. Two important structures include

the amygdala (emotional responses and aggression)

the hippocampus (the formation of new memories)

The Reticular Activating System keeps track of nerve impulse activity and helps regulate how alert or sleepy we feel.

Other Lower Brain Structures

EXIT


Brain Communication

A NEURON is a nerve cell. It is the smallest part of the nervous system.

EXIT


Brain Communication

Dendrites branch off the body of the neuron and receive impulses from other neurons.

EXIT


Brain Communication

Axons gather impulses from dendrites and carry them to other neurons.

EXIT


The synapse is the space between the axon of the sending neuron and the dendrites of the receiving neuron.

Brain Communication

EXIT


Neurotransmitters are messenger molecules (pain, pleasure, movement)

EXIT


Dopamine• involved in movement• a shortage can cause Parkinson’s disease

Endorphins • relieve pain and• increase the sense of well-being (“natural

morphine”)

Acetylcholine• sends information to other nerve cells when some

part of the body moves• can affect memory• production of this neurotransmitter can be shut

down by food poisoning

EXIT


The Central and PeripheralNervous Systems

EXIT


Central Nervous SystemT he Brain and the Spinal Cord

Som aticVoluntary M usclesand Sense Organs

slow s heartbeatcontracts pupils

stim ulates digestionetc.

Parasym patheticcalm s body after action

dilates eyesaccelerates heartbeat

inhibits digestionetc.

Sym patheticprepares body for action

Autonom icInvoluntary M usclesand Internal Organs

Peripheral System

The Nervous System

EXIT


The Endocrine System

Click on the arrows for more information.

Pituitary gland

Thyroid

Adrenal gland

Female gonads (ovaries)

Male gonads (testes) EXIT


Pituitary Gland• the master gland• controlled by the

hypothalamus• sends a message to other

glands to begin working• determines how tall or

short a person will be


Pituitary gland

Pituitary gland

Gonads

Thyroid

Adrenal gland


EXIT


The Gonads• sex glands that produce

either sperm or eggs used in reproduction


Female gonads (ovaries)

Male gonads (testes)

Pituitary gland

Gonads

Thyroid

Adrenal gland


EXIT



The Thyroid Gland• controls metabolism• overactive thyroid may

cause restlessness and anxiety

• underactive thyroid may result in sadness and even depression

Thyroid

Pituitary gland

Gonads

Thyroid

Adrenal gland


EXIT



The Adrenal Gland• secretes adrenaline into

the bloodstream• blood pressure goes up,

muscles tense, and hands tremble

Adrenal gland

Pituitary gland

Gonads

Thyroid

Adrenal gland


EXIT


Summary of Main Topics Covered

Parts of the Brain

The Lower Brain

Brain Communication

Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems


EXIT

500 pound gorilla vs. 150 pound human

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500 pound gorilla vs. 150 pound human