Zero Waste Management

7/25/2019 Zero Waste Management

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Concept of Zero Waste

Zero waste is a whole system approach that aims to eliminate rather than manage waste as well as

encouraging waste diversion from landfill and incineration.

It is a guiding design philosophy for eliminating waste at source and at all points down the supplychain.

It may also include shifting from centralized methods of waste disposal to decentralized and more

manageable methods.

CURRENT PRACTICESGAURAV

MONIKA PAL

PINTU SAINI

SUSHIL KANATHE

TOSHI YADAV

VASAVI YARRAM

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WHAT IS A WASTE?

Waste is unwanted or useless materials.

Wastes are materials that are not prime products ( that is

products produced for the market) for which the generator has

no further use in terms of his/her own purposes of production,

transformation or consumption, and of which he/she wants to

dispose.. - Producedby the United Nations Statistics Division (U.N.S.D)

KINDS OF WASTES

SOURCES OF WASTES

STRUCTURE OF SOLID WASTE

GLOBAL COMPARISON OF WASTE

GENERATION

MAGNITUDE OF PROBLEM: INDIAN SCENARIO

Urban India generates 188,500 tonnes per day (TPD) of

waste at an average rate of 0.5 kg of waste per person per

day.

The increasing waste generation has a link to the increasing

GDP. As per capita income increases the spending power

increases that results in increased waste generation.

Urban India produces 68 million tons of MSW (Municipal

Solid Waste) per year, which is a 50% increase in waste

generation since 2001.At this rate, urban India will generate 160.5 million tons per

year by 2041!

Solid wastes: wastes in solid forms, domestic, commercial andindustrial wastes Examples: plastics , bottles, cans, papers,scrap iron, and other trash

Liquid Wastes: wastes in l iquid form Examples: domesticwashings, chemicals, oils, waste water from ponds,manufacturing industries and other sources.

Hazardous wastes: Substances unsafe to use commercially,industrially, agriculturally, or economically and have any of thefollowing properties- ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity &toxicity.

Source: www.worldbank.org

IMPACTS OF WASTE IF NOT MANAGED

WISELY

Spoilage of Landscape

Pollution

Contaminate the environment

Health Hazards

Pollution of soil/land

Impact of Waste Accumulation on Terrestrial Life

Source Types of solid wastes

Residential Food wastes, paper, plastics, textiles, leather, wood, glass, metals,

consumer electronics, and household hazardous wastes

Industrial Housekeeping wastes, packaging, food wastes, construction and

demolition materials, hazardous wastes, ashes, special wastes

Commercial Paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, food wastes, glass, metals, special

wastes, hazardous wastesInstitutional Same as commercial

Construction and

Demolition

Wood, steel, concrete, dirt, etc.

Municipalservices Street sweepings; landscape and tree trimmings; general wastes from

parks, beaches, and other recreational areas; sludge

Process Industrial process wastes, scrap materials, off-specification products,

slag, tailings

Agriculture Spoiled food wastes, agricultural wastes, hazardous wastes (e.g.,

pesticides)

The world's cities currently generate around 1.3 billion

tonnes of MSW a year, or 1.2kg percity-dweller perday.

That is predicted to riseto 2.2 billion tonnes by 2025, or

1.4kg perperson.

Source:

www.worldbank.org

Zero Waste maximizes recycling, minimizes waste, reduces consumption and ensures that products are

made to be reused, repaired or recycled back into nature or the marketplace.


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PINTU SAINI

SUSHIL KANATHE

TOSHI YADAV

VASAVI YARRAM

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CASE STUDY : NEW MOTI BAGH, NEW DELHI (INDIAN CONTEXT)

INTRODUCTION

Zero Waste Project at GPRA Complex, New Moti Bagh, New

Delhi is a unique model of decentralized Solid Waste

Management with the support of Ministry of Urban

Development, Govt. of India and National Building

Construction Corporation (NBCC).

LOCATION

Site Details:

Type of Area- Residential

Area: 123.49 Acre

Population : 6000

Density : 120ppha

Household waste

1.5 Ton

Organic Waste

1.4 Ton

OrganicFertilizers

Recyclable DryWaste

100 kgs

Other Waste (Metal,E-waste, Paper, etc.)

70kgs

Plastic to Fuel

30kgs

Low Density Oil

20Lts

LiquefiedPetroleum Gas

5 7 kgs

Carbon Black

3 5kgs

Green Waste

1 Ton

Biomass Pellets

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

The Segregated Organic Waste is bio-mechanically treated in

the OWC machine.

It homogenizes organic waste with appropriate bio-culture

and organic media.

The coarse wastes such as garden pruning, bones etc . are

shredded prior to feeding into OWC machine.

The output is raw compost having uniform coloured and soil

structured coarse powder, free of bad odour.

The waste treated in OWC machine accelerates the

composting cycle.

The raw compost is placed into compost curing system

where moisture is controlled using fogging system.

The raw compost is bio-converted into matured compost

in about 10 to 15 days of curing period.

Organic Waste Converter OWC)

Organic

Waste

Organic

Waste

Converter

Curing

Processing

(10-15 das)

Organic

Khad

TECHNOLOGY USED

The Solid Waste Management project installed

by Green Planet Waste Management Private

Limited (operator) in collaborat ion with the

NBCC.

Installation cost = Rs 50 lakh ( includes

machinery, garbage bins at common places,collection trolleys/cyclerickshaws and O&M)

Area required = 4000 Square feet for covered

sheds

Organic Waste Converter

Green Wasteto Pellets plant

Plastic to Fuel Conversion

WASTE GENERATED

Process

Residential houses in the complex

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PINTU SAINI

SUSHIL

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CASE STUDY : NEW MOTI BAGH, NEW DELHI (INDIAN CONTEXT)

TECHNOLOGY USED

The household waste is collected and segregated into different categories. They are then

heated inside the fuel conversion plant up to a maximum of around 400 degree Celsius in the

absence of oxygen. Theresult are thethreeproducts:

a. LDOas energyin Boilers and Furnaces.

b. LPGfor cooking in GasCookers or Burners.

c. Carbon Residue as Solid Fuel.

Plastic to Fuel Conversion

All types of green waste i.e. grass, dry

leaves, branches, twigs etc are stored in a

green waste collection area.

The waste is then put into a shredder

where it is dried and cut to the correct sizeforturning it into pellets (greencoal).

Once processed, the green waste is then

fed into a conveyor belt which is

connected to a cyclone heating and drying

unit.

The end result is a coal-like substance

that can be used in boilers , furnaces

and al l other applications that use

conventional coal.

This GREEN coal is completelyenvironment-friendly as it does not

release harmful gases into the air and

has a calorificvalue almost the same as

wood/sawdust.

Green Waste to Pellets plant

Green/

Horticultu

re Waste

Green

Shredding

Machine

Cyclone

Heating &

Drying)

Pellet

Press

PlasticWaste

ProcessingMachine

ResultantFuelProcess

Process

PROS. AND CONS.

PROS:

No Dhalao No stray dogs/ cattle/ Monkey / Vultures

Easy Segregation at neighborhood level

Daily recycling No foul smell

No Transportation through the City

No Land-fill

Only acre is required for processing

Every Locality can have it: In Park

No Leachate No contamination of Aquifer/Lakes/Soil

Easily usable of Recycled materials( Manure, fuel)

CONS:

Cost of machinery is high

Segregation of waste is not done at household level.

ACHIEVEMENTS

Clean and green surroundings in addition to financial savings to the tune of Rs 40-50

lakh per annum

Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) conferred IGBC Silver Rating to NBCC for

constructing the sprawling Green New Moti Bagh GPRA Complex.

This is Indias first and largest certified Green Campus.

FINANCIAL BENEFITS

The running cost for all activities is Rs.3,02,800 per month.

Organic khad is sold at Rs.5 per kg.

Cutting, drying, compressing and pelletizing garden waste generates about half its

weight in pellets to be sold at Rs.8-9 per kg.

It is estimated that about 25 30 MT of compost and pellets are generated per

month yielding about Rs.2 to 2.5 lakhs

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MONIKA PAL

PINTU SAINI

SUSHIL KANATHE

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4SOLID WASTE NEIGHBOURHOOD SELF-MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, BOGOR, INDONESIA

SOLID WASTE NEIGHBOURHOOD SELF-MANAGEMENT-

PRINCIPLE

SWNSM is based on the principle of moving solid waste management away from

centralization system to neighbourhood areas which are moremanageable.

A key component of this approach is the implementation of recycling, reusing, and

composting. The SWNSM project objective is to highlight possibilities for applying the system in

a wider area, including other citiesin Indonesia.

INTRODUCTION

Current pract ice ta lks about Solid Waste Neighbourhood Self-Management"

(SWNSM) in Bogor, Indonesia as a case study project on "Practical Policy Innovationsin Urban Infrastructure Development and Management in Asian Metropolitan Areas

and Large Cities,"

NEED OF THE PROJECT

In the case of Bogor this was relevant because, prior to project implementation,

workers living near the estate found that a sizable portion of its refuse contained

valuable resources (i.e.,refuse that could be sold or re-used).

Under the SWNSM system, twenty-seven Bogor households uti lize household

composters (for wet or organic materials) designed by the Center for Research and

Development of Human Settlement, under theMinistry of Public Works.

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

1. To create a model on which to base future solid waste management and recyclingsystems.

2. To improve service and implement recycling for the benefit of the neighbourhood and

local population.

3. To promote recycling and the reuse of goods and materials, by enhancing

opportunities for recycling throughout the municipal area.

4. Increasing awareness and understanding regarding the need for waste reduction, the

potential for recycling.

WHY THIS TECHNIQUE?

The idea was triggered by the results of a study conducted by A. Baru on solid waste

characteristics (1989).

He discovered that domestic solid waste in the Bogor area had a content of 80.5 per cent

organic materials, 4.25 per cent paper, 4.35 per cent plastics, 3.8 percent wood, 3.89 per

cent glass andmetal, and 2.71 percent others.

Given the high percentage of organic

waste material, it was recommendedthat residents compost the material in

their own yards.

The centre distributed low-cost plastic

composters made from recycled and

reused materials. Each composter cost

approximately US$10.00.

INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP

1. The SWNSM project began with a pilot

project conducted in Bogor's Raya

Permai Estate.

2. In September 1996, FHL and a

developer established the SWNSM.

3. The consultant asked the

neighbourhood committee to work

together in establishing a system that

treated the community's solid waste

on-site, specifically through composting

and recycling programmes.

FINANCING

1. The developer donated land for compost

and recycling processes, as well as three

refuse carts.

2. The carts are simple mechanical devices,

requiring only periodic maintenance, and

are used for residential collection.

3. The consultant is responsible for the day-

to-day operation and maintenance costs.

4. Cost analyses for project operation and

maintenance concludes that Net annual

value gained is US$2,490.

TECHNICAL STANDARDS

1. This composter was designed by PUSLITBANGKIM under theMinistry of Public Works.

2. The composter is designed for a family of five to seven members, and is made from

recycled fiber orplastic, with a diameterof 50 cmand a height of 80 cm.

3. The composter generally reaches its capacity in five to seven months, after which itrequires oneor twoweeks' drying in open air.

LEARNING

Before adopting such models, composition of waste must be checked because that is

going to decide what type of disposal methods we need.

Such approach can help reducing transportation cost and disposal cost for large volumes

of waste.

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MONIKA PAL

PINTU SAINI

SUSHIL KANATHE

TOSHI YADAV

VASAVI YARRAM

SHEET

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The key issues faced by a city with respect to solid waste

management are: Efficient service delivery (collection and removal of garbage, construction and

demolition debris and other types of waste, street sweeping etc. leading to clean

surroundings and feeling of well being amongst the citizens)

Appropriate disposal of waste in conformity with the applicable rules and most

importantly,

Strategy for reducing land requirement

RECOMMENDATIONS: The solid waste should be managed at neighborhood level itself like moti bagh.

Use of new technology likeSwachh Delhi App for effective delivery of solid

waste , other than residential.

As per its master plan, Delhi has allocated 200 sq m for Dhalaos for every

10,000 population, which is about 0.2m3 per person, which is what we require,

especially for decentralized Solid Waste Management (SWM). If the space is

appropriately modified and used, then the solid waste issue can be solved.

In addition if space along the large drains or Nallas is used for innovative

technologies for decentralized treatment of waste water, then decentralized

Solid and Liquid Waste management can be achieved within the city. In a city like Delhi, with a population of 12 million, a total of 0.003 km3 would be

required in small pockets, which is less than 25% of the land being wasted by

one of our landfills.

Therefore, we need to focus on segregation and recycling. Maintenance andefficient running rather than creation of huge assets will help us achieve this.

IF THIS TECHNIQUE IS APPLIED FOR ALL RESIDENTIAL WASTE IN DELHI-

Total population in Delhi -9.879 million

Total no. of neighbourhoods- 1646 neighbourhoods

Cost of installation = 50 lakh per project , so total cost is 82325 lakhs

Area required = 4000 Square feet for covered sheds at neighborhood level. , so

total area required is 658 ha. Total cost of running = Rs 498 crore

BENEFITS:

Compost and pellets are generated per month will yield about Rs. 330 crore to

Rs. 412 crore .

Clean and green surroundings in addition to financial savings to the tune of Rs

660 to 825 crore per annum

Smart Solution for Garbage RemovalThis is probably the first time that an intelligent and smart solution has been

devised, based on citizens participation and Govt.s initiative to removegarbage.

Once a user clicks a photograph of garbage scattered around, the app will

track the GPS location of that image, and send them to a centralized server

maintained by Delhi Govt. The server will pass on the information to the

concerned civic authorities, and the garbage would be removed in no time.

Introduction Delhi Govt. has introducedSwachh Delhi App, which tracks the location

of the photo, and alerts the concerned civic body about the garbage

issue.

SWACHH DELHI APP

PWD (Public Works

Department) and

MCD (Municipal

Cor po ra tio n o f

Delhi) has been

assigned the

responsibility to

keep Delhi clean

using this app.

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Zero Waste Management

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