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    PREFACE

    Preparing a project of this nature is an arduous task and I was

    fortunate enough to get support from a large number o persons. I wish to

    express my deep sense of gratitude to all those who generously helped in

    successful completion of this report by sharing their invaluable time and

    knowledge.

    It is my proud and previledge to express my deep regards to

    Respected HOD Dr. Pramesh Gautam, Head of Department of Business

    Management , SWAMI VIVEKANAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

    SAGAR for allowing me to undertake this project.I feel extremely exhilarated to have completed this project under the

    able and inspiring guidance of Dr. Pramesh Gautam he rendered me all

    possible help me guidance while reviewing the manuscript in finalising the

    report.

    I also extend my deep regards to my teachers , family members ,

    friends and all those whose encouragement has infused courage in me to

    complete to work successfully.

    ASIF KHAN

    MBA IST SEM.

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    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

    Preparing a project of this nature is an arduous task and I was

    fortunate enough to get support from a large number o persons. I wish to

    express my deep sense of gratitude to all those who generously helped in

    successful completion of this report by sharing their invaluable time and

    knowledge.

    It is my proud and previledge to express my deep regards to

    Respected , Head of Department Dr.Pramesh Gautam, Department of

    Business Management , SWAMI VIVEKANAND INSTITUTE OF

    TECHNOLOGY SAGAR for allowing me to undertake this project.

    I feel extremely exhilarated to have completed this project under the

    able and inspiring guidance of He rendered me all possible help me guidance

    while reviewing the manuscript in finalising the report.

    I also extend my deep regards to my teachers , family members ,

    friends and all those whose encouragement has infused courage in me tocomplete to work successfully.

    ASIF KHAN

    MBA IST SEM.

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    DELCLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE

    Date :

    I declare that the project report titled " MARKETING STRATEGIES

    OF TOP FIVE BRANDS OF WRIST WATCH" on Market Segmentation is

    nay own work conducted under the supervision DR. PREMESH GAUTAM

    Department of Business Management, SWAMI VIVEKANAND

    INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SAGAR To the best of my knowledge the

    report does not contain any work , which has been submitted for the award

    of any degree , anywhere.

    ASIF KHAN

    MBA IST SEM.

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    CERTIFICATE

    The project report titled " MARKETING STRATEGIES OF

    TOP FIVE BRAND OF WATCH "been prepared by ASIF KHAN MBA

    IST SEM. under the guidance and supervision of DR. PREMESH

    GAUTAM for the partial fulfillment of the Degree of MBA.

    Signature of the Signature of the Signature of the

    Supervisor Head of theDepartment

    Examiner

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    CONTENTS

    PREFACE

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

    CERTIFICATE

    DECLARATION

    CHAPTER I INTRODUCTIONABOUT PRODUCTAN INSIGHTOF COMPANY HISTORYMISSION AND VISIONSTANDING POSITION OF COMPANYBRAND VALUE

    CHAPTER II OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDYCHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

    CHAPTER IV MARKET ANALYSISOVERVIEWBRANDS

    CHAPTER V CONSUMER GROUPSCONSUMER BEHAVIOUR

    CHAPTER VI PRODUCT PROFILEPLAN FOR PRODUCT MIXPRODUCT RANGE

    CHAPTER VII MARKETING STRATEGYPRICINGPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTIONPROMOTION

    CHAPTER VIII ABOUT COMPETITORSCOMPETITOR FOR PRODUCTPRICE OF COMPETITOR PRODUCT

    CHAPTER IX DATA ANALYSISAND INTERPRETATION

    CHAPTER X LIMITATION

    CHAPTER XI CONCLUSION & SUGGESTIONBIBLIOGRAPHYQUESTIONNAIRE

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    INTRODUCTION

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    Early wrist watch by Waltham, worn by soldiers in World War I (Deutsches

    Uhrenmuseum, Inv. 47-3352)

    A watch is a timepiece, typically worn either on the wrist or attached on a

    chain and carried in a pocket. Wristwatches are the most common type of

    watch used today. Watches evolved in the 17th century from spring powered

    clocks, which appeared in the 15th century. The first watches were strictlymechanical. As technology progressed, the mechanisms used to

    measure time have, in some cases, been replaced by use ofquartz

    vibrations or electronic pulses.[1] The first digital electronic watch was

    developed in 1970.[2]

    Before wristwatches became popular in the 1920s, most watches

    werepocket watches, which often had covers and were carried in a pocket

    and attached to a watch chain orwatch fob.[3] In the early 1900s, the

    wristwatch, originally called a Wristlet, was reserved for women and

    considered more of a passing fad than a serious timepiece. Men, who carried

    pocket watches, were quoted as saying they would "sooner wear a skirt as

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltham_Watch_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_clock#Mechanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_clock#Mechanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-The_History_of_Watches-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocket_watchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch_fobhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wrist_Watch_WWI.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wrist_Watch_WWI.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltham_Watch_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_clock#Mechanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_clock#Mechanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-The_History_of_Watches-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocket_watchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch_fobhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-3
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    wear a wristwatch".[4] This changed in World War I, when soldiers on the

    battlefield found pocket watches to be impractical and attached their watches

    to their wrist by a cupped leather strap. It is also believed that Girard-

    Perregaux equipped the German Imperial Navy with wristwatches in a

    similar fashion as early as the 1880s, to be used while synchronizing naval

    attacks and firing artillery.[4]

    Most inexpensive and medium-priced watches used mainly for timekeeping

    are electronic watches with quartz movements.

    [1] Expensive collectible watches, valued more for

    theirworkmanship andaesthetic appeal than for simple timekeeping, often

    have purely mechanical movements and are powered by springs, even

    though mechanical movements are less accurate than more affordable quartz

    movements. In addition to the time, modern watches often display the day,

    date, month and year, and electronic watches may have many other

    functions. Watches that provide additional time-related features such

    as timers, chronographs and alarm functions are not uncommon. Some

    modern designs even go as far as usingGPS[5] technology or heart-rate

    monitoring[6] capabilities.

    The study of timekeeping is known as horology.

    History

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-short_history-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girard-Perregauxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girard-Perregauxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-short_history-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-The_History_of_Watches-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collectiblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workmanshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronographhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-short_history-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girard-Perregauxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girard-Perregauxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-short_history-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-The_History_of_Watches-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collectiblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workmanshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronographhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horology
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    The earliest dated watch known, from 1530

    Main article: History of watches

    See also: History of timekeeping devices

    This section

    requires expansion. (Apri

    l 2012)

    Watches evolved from portable spring-driven clocks, which first appeared in

    15th century Europe. Watches weren't widely worn in pockets until the 17th

    century. One account says that the word "watch" came from the Old

    English word woecce which meant "watchman", because it was used by

    town watchmen to keep track of their shifts.[7] Another says that the term

    came from 17th century sailors, who used the new mechanisms to time the

    length of their shipboard watches (duty shifts).[8]

    Movement

    Different kinds of movements move the hands differently as shown in this 2

    second exposure. The left watch has a 24-hour analog dial with a mechanical

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_watcheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_timekeeping_deviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Watch&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainspringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note--7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-Haven-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24-hour_analog_dialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Watch_Mechanical_Quartz_Comparison.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Watch_Mechanical_Quartz_Comparison.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:German_-_Spherical_Table_Watch_(Melanchthon%27s_Watch)_-_Walters_5817_-_View_C.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:German_-_Spherical_Table_Watch_(Melanchthon%27s_Watch)_-_Walters_5817_-_View_C.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_watcheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_timekeeping_deviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Watch&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainspringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note--7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-Haven-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24-hour_analog_dial
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    1/6 s movement, the right one has a more common 12-hour dial and a "1 s"

    quartz movement

    A Russian mechanical watch movement

    A movement in watchmaking is the mechanism that measures the passage oftime and displays the current time (and possibly other information including

    date, month and day). Movements may be entirely mechanical, entirely

    electronic (potentially with no moving parts), or a blend of the two. Most

    watches intended mainly for timekeeping today have electronic movements,

    with mechanical hands on the watch face indicating the time.

    Mechanical movements

    Main article: Mechanical watch

    Compared to electronic movements, mechanical watches are less accurate,

    often with errors of seconds per day, and they are sensitive to position,

    temperature[9] and magnetism.[10]They are also costly to produce, require

    regular maintenance and adjustment, and are more prone to failure.

    Nevertheless, the craftsmanship of mechanical watches still attracts interest

    from part of the watch-buying public. Skeleton watches are designed to

    leave the mechanism visible for aesthetic purposes.

    Mechanical movements use an escapement mechanism to control and limit

    the unwinding and winding parts of a spring, converting what would

    otherwise be a simple unwinding into a controlled and periodic energy

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movement_(clockwork)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch_facehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_watchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeleton_watchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escapementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:000_0rysdf251_edited.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:000_0rysdf251_edited.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movement_(clockwork)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch_facehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_watchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeleton_watchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escapement
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    release. Mechanical movements also use abalance wheeltogether with

    thebalance spring (also known as a hairspring) to control motion of the gear

    system of the watch in a manner analogous to thependulum of apendulum

    clock. Thetourbillon, an optional part for mechanical movements, is a

    rotating frame for the escapement, which is used to cancel out or reduce the

    effects ofgravitational bias to the timekeeping. Due to the complexity of

    designing a tourbillon, they are very expensive, and only found in "prestige"

    watches.

    Thepin-lever escapement (called the Roskopf movement after its

    inventor, Georges Frederic Roskopf), which is a cheaper version of the fully

    levered movement, was manufactured in huge quantities by many Swiss

    manufacturers as well as Timex, until it was replaced by quartz movements.

    [11][12][13]

    Tuning-fork watches use a type of electromechanical movement. Introduced

    by Bulova in 1960, they use a tuning fork with a precise frequency (most

    often 360 hertz) to drive a mechanical watch. The task of converting

    electronically pulsed fork vibration into rotary movement is done via two

    tiny jeweled fingers, called pawls. Tuning-fork watches were rendered

    obsolete when electronic quartz watches were developed. Quartz

    watches were cheaper to produce and even more accurate.

    Main article: Mainspring

    Traditional mechanical watch movements use a spiral spring called

    a mainspring as a power source. In manual watches the spring must be

    rewound periodically by the user by turning the watch crown.

    Antiquepocketwatches were wound by inserting a separate key into a hole

    in the back of the watch and turning it. Most modern watches are designed

    to run 40 hours on a winding and thus must be wound daily, but some run

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_wheelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_springhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum_clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum_clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourbillonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pin-lever_escapementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Frederic_Roskopfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timex_Group_USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulovahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_watch#Types_of_electric_watcheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_watchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_watchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainspringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainspringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocketwatchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_wheelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_springhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum_clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum_clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourbillonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pin-lever_escapementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Frederic_Roskopfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timex_Group_USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulovahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_watch#Types_of_electric_watcheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_watchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_watchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainspringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainspringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocketwatch
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    for several days and a few have 192-hour mainsprings and are wound

    weekly.

    [edit]Automatic watches

    Main article: Automatic watch

    Automatic watch: An eccentric weight, called a rotor, swings with the

    movement of the wearer's body and winds the spring

    A self-winding or automatic watch is one that rewinds the mainspring of a

    mechanical movement by the natural motions of the wearer's body. The first

    self-winding mechanism was invented for pocket watches in 1770 by

    Abraham-Louis Perrelet,[14] but the first "self-winding", or "automatic",

    wristwatch was the invention of a British watch repairer named John

    Harwood in 1923. This type of watch allows for constant winding without

    special action from the wearer; it works by an eccentric weight, called a

    winding rotor, which rotates with the movement of the wearer's wrist. The

    back-and-forth motion of the winding rotor couples to aratchet to

    automatically wind the mainspring. Self-winding watches usually can also

    be wound manually so they can be kept running when not worn or if the

    wearer's wrist motions are inadequate to keep the watch wound.

    [edit]Electronic movements

    See also: Electric watch

    http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Watch&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_watchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_watchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-winding_watchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratchet_(device)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Watch&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_watchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jaeger-Lecoultre-p1000838.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jaeger-Lecoultre-p1000838.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Watch&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_watchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_watchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-winding_watchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratchet_(device)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Watch&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_watch
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    Electronic movements have few or no moving parts, as they use

    thepiezoelectric effect in a tiny quartz crystal to provide a stable time base

    for a mostly electronic movement. The crystal forms a quartz

    oscillatorwhich resonates at a specific and highly stable frequency, and

    which can be used to accurately pace a timekeeping mechanism. For this

    reason, electronic watches are often called quartz watches. Most quartz

    movements are primarily electronic but are geared to drive mechanical

    hands on the face of the watch in order to provide a traditional analog

    display of the time, which is still preferred by most consumers.

    Prototype of a Quartz Wristwatch, CEH Switzerland, 1967

    In 1959 Seiko gave an order to Epson (a daughter company of Seiko and the

    actual brain behind the quartz revolution) to start developing a quartz

    wristwatch. The project was codenamed 59A and by the 1964 Tokyo

    Summer Olympics, Seiko had a working prototype of a portable quartz

    watch which took part in time measurements throughout the event.

    The first prototypes of an electronic quartz wristwatch (not

    just portable quartz watches as the Seiko timekeeping devices at the TokyoOlympics in 1964) were made by the CEH research laboratory in Neuchtel,

    Switzerland. From 1965 through 1967 pioneering development work was

    done on a miniaturized 8192 Hz quartz oscillator, a thermo-compensation

    module and an inhouse-made, dedicated integrated circuit (unlike the hybrid

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectric_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_oscillatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_oscillatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_watchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seikohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:First_Quartz_Wristwatch_CEH_1967.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:First_Quartz_Wristwatch_CEH_1967.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectric_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_oscillatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_oscillatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_watchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko
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    circuits used in the later Seiko Astron wristwatch). As a result, the BETA 1

    prototype set new timekeeping performance records at the International

    Chronometric Competition held at the Observatory of Neuchtel in 1967.

    [15]

    Quartz Movement of the Seiko Astron, 1969 (Deutsches Uhrenmuseum, Inv.

    2010-006)

    The first quartz watch to enter production was the Seiko35 SQ Astron,

    which hit the shelves on December 25, 1969. One particularly interesting

    decision made by Seiko at that time was to not patent the whole movement

    of the quartz wristwatch, thus allowing other manufacturers to benefit from

    the Seiko technology. This played a major role in the popularity and quick

    development of the quartz watch, which in less than a decade was dominant

    in the watch market, nearly ending an almost 100 years of mechanical

    wristwatch heritage. The modern quartz movements are produced in very

    large quantities, and even the cheapest wristwatches typically have quartzmovements. Whereas mechanical movements can typically be off by several

    seconds a day, an inexpensive quartz movement in a child's wristwatch may

    still be accurate to within half a second per dayten times better than a

    mechanical movement.[16]

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seikohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astron_(wristwatch)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seiko_35A.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seiko_35A.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seikohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astron_(wristwatch)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch#cite_note-16
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    After a consolidation of the mechanical watch industry in Switzerland

    during the 1970s, mass production of quartz wristwatches took off under the

    leadership of the Swatch Group of companies, a Swiss conglomerate with

    vertical control of the production of Swiss watches and related products. For

    quartz wristwatches, subsidiaries of Swatch manufactured watch

    batteries (Renata), oscillators (Oscilloquartz) and integrated circuits

    (Ebauches Electronic SA). The launch of the new SWATCH brand in 1983,

    was marked by bold new styling, design and marketing. Today, the Swatch

    Group is the world's largest watch company.

    Seiko's efforts to combine the quartz and mechanical movements bore fruit

    after 20 years of research, leading to the introduction of theSeikoSpring

    Drive, first in a limited domestic market production in 1999 and to the world

    in September 2005. The Spring Drive manages to keep time within quartz

    standards without the use of a battery, using a traditional mechanical gear

    train powered by a spring, while at the same time doesn't have the need of a

    balance wheel either.

    Radio time signal watches are a type of electronic quartz watch which

    synchronizes (time transfer) its time with an external time sourcesuch as

    in atomic clocks, time signals from GPS navigation satellites, the

    German DCF77 signal in Europe, WWVB in the US, and others.

    Movements of this type may -among others- synchronize not only the time

    of day but also the date, the leap-yearstatus of the current year, and the

    current state ofdaylight saving time (on or off). However, other than the

    radio receiver these watches are normal quartz watches in all other aspects.

    Electronic watches require electricity as a power source. Some mechanical

    movements and hybrid electronic-mechanical movements also require

    electricity. Usually the electricity is provided by a replaceablebattery. The

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swatchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch_batteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch_batteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscilloquartzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seikohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_Drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_Drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_transferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_signal#Radio_time_signalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DCF77http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WWVBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_yearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_timehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swatchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch_batteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch_batteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscilloquartzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seikohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_Drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_Drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_transferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_signal#Radio_time_signalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DCF77http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WWVBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_yearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_timehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity)
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    first use of electrical power in watches was as a substitute for the

    mainspring, in order to remove the need for winding. The first electrically

    powered watch, the Hamilton Electric 500, was released in 1957 by

    the Hamilton Watch Company ofLancaster, Pennsylvania.

    Watch batteries (strictly speaking cells, as a battery is composed of multiple

    cells) are specially designed for their purpose. They are very small and

    provide tiny amounts of power continuously for very long periods (several

    years or more). In most cases, replacing the battery requires a trip to a

    watch-repair shop or watch dealer; this is especially true for watches that are

    designed to be water-resistant, as special tools and procedures are required

    to ensure that the watch remains water-resistant after battery replacement.

    Silver-oxide and lithium batteries are popular today; mercury batteries,

    formerly quite common, are no longer used, for environmental reasons.

    Cheap batteries may be alkaline, of the same size as silver-oxide cells but

    providing shorter life. Rechargeable batteries are used in some solar

    powered watches.

    Some electronic watches are also powered by the movement of the wearer of

    the watch. For instance, Seiko's Kinetic powered quartz watches make use of

    the motion of the wearer's arm turning a rotating weight which causes a

    tiny generatorto supply power to charge a rechargeable battery that runs the

    watch. The concept is similar to that of self-winding spring movements,

    except that electrical power is generated instead of mechanical spring

    tension.

    Solar powered watches are powered by light. Aphotovoltaic cell on the face

    (dial) of the watch converts light to electricity, which in turn is used to

    charge a rechargeable battery orcapacitor. The movement of the watch

    draws its power from the rechargeable battery or capacitor. As long as the

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    watch is regularly exposed to fairly strong light (such as sunlight), it never

    needs battery replacement, and some models need only a few minutes of

    sunlight to provide weeks of energy (as in the Citizen Eco-Drive). Some of

    the early solar watches of the 1970s had innovative and unique designs to

    accommodate the array of solar cells needed to power them (Synchronar,

    Nepro, Sicura and some models by Cristalonic, Alba, Seiko and Citizen). As

    the decades progressed and the efficiency of the solar cells increased while

    the power requirements of the movement and display decreased, solar

    watches began to be designed to look like other conventional watches.[17]

    A rarely used power source is the temperature difference between the

    wearer's arm and the surrounding environment (as applied in theCitizenEco-

    Drive Thermo).

    OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

    Objectives

    1.To study the current scenario of Indian wrist watch industry.

    2.

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    To review the brand positioning strategies of different sub-brands of

    Titanwatches.3.To analyze the brand repositioning strategies of

    Titan watches.

    4.

    To study consumer awareness and perception about the brand repositioning

    RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

    According to Green and Tall A research design is the specification of the

    methods and procedures for acquiring the information needed. It is the

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    overall operational pattern or framework of the project that stipulates which

    information is to be collected, from where it is to be collected and by what

    procedures

    This research process based on primary data analysis and secondary data

    analysis will be clearly defined to meet the objectives of the study.

    I chose the primary sources to get the data. A questionnaire was designed in

    accordance with our mentor in WATCH. I chose a sample of about 30

    corporate customers

    I collected some data from the secondary sources like published Company

    documents, internet etc.

    Research Design

    A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collections and

    analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research

    purpose with economy in procedures. It is a descriptive cross sectional

    design .It is the conceptual structure with in which research is conducted; it

    constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of

    data.

    It is needed because it facilitates the smooth sailing of the various research

    operations, thereby making research as efficient as possible yielding

    maximal information with minimal expenditure of effort, time and money.

    In the preliminary stage, my research stage constituted of exploratory study

    by which it is clear that the existence of the problem is obvious .So, I can

    directly head for the conclusive research.

    Sampling Plan

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    Sampling plan is a distinct phase of research process. In this stage I have

    to determine who is to be sampled, how large should be the needed sample

    and how sampling unit is to be selected.

    Population

    In my research, I have defined my population as a complete set of customers

    of Sagar City.

    Sample Survey

    As compared to census study, a sample study has been conducted by us

    because of:

    Wide range of population, it was impossible to cover the whole population

    Time and money constraints.

    Sample Unit

    In this survey I took the list of customers from the dealers of WATCH

    Sampling Technique

    Sampling technique implies the method of choosing the sample items, the

    two methods of selecting sample are:

    Probability method.

    Non-probability method.

    Probability method is those in which every item of the universe has an

    equal chance of the inclusion in the sample. Non-probability methods are

    those that do not provide every item in the universe with known cause of

    being included in the sample. The selection process is partially subjective.

    For my study, I employed the Non-probability sampling technique, in which

    I got the data of the customers from the dealer of WATCH.

    Instrument of collection of data

    I have used one set of questionnaire to collect data from the customers. This

    questionnaire is structured and highly ordered. This includes both close

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    ended and open ended questions. The close ended questions included both

    dichotomous and multiple choice questions.

    PRODUCT PROFILE

    Titan Industries

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Titan_Industries_Logo.svg
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    Titan Industries Limited is the world's fifth largest wrist watch manufacturer

    and India's leading producer of watches under the Titan, Fastrack, Sonata,

    Nebula, RAGA, Regalia, Octane & Xylys brand names. It is a joint venture

    between the Tata Group, and the Tamil Nadu Industrial Development

    Corporation (TIDCO).[4] Its product portfolio includes watches, accessories

    and jewelry, in both contemporary and traditional designs. It exports

    watches to about 32 countries around the world with manufacturing facilities

    in Hosur, Dehradun,Goa and manufactures precious jewellery under

    the Tanishq brand name, making it India's only national jewelry brand.

    Watch division

    A Sonata wrist watch

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    A wrist watch from TITAN

    A wrist watch from TITAN (Octane Series)

    Titan Watch division was started in 1987. At launch it was the third watch

    company in India afterHMT and Allwyn. Titan formed ajoint

    venturewith Timex, which lasted until 1998, and set up a distribution

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    network across India. As of 2010, Titan watches account for a 60% share of

    the total Indian market and are also sold in about 40 countries through

    marketing subsidiaries based in London, Aden, Dubai and Singapore. In

    October 2012, Titan partnered up with Zee Watch Group, becoming the sole

    distributors of Titan watches in the Americas. Titan watches are sold in

    India through retail chains controlled by Titan Industries.

    Titan Industries has claimed to have manufactured the world's slimmest

    wrist watch branded as Titan Edge.[5] Produced indigenously after four

    years of research and development, the Titan Edge has a total thickness of

    3.5 mm and a movement of 1.15 mm. Apart from the Titan Edge, Titan also

    offers Steel, Regalia, Raga, Fastrack, Technology, Nebula, Bandhan, Sonata,

    Octane, specialR. Fastrack is a popular brand among youth in India. Fastrack

    watches come in a variety of styles, shapes and colors. On 4 March 2010,

    Titan Industries announced the launch of its first Titan flagship store, located

    at Opposite Shoppers Stop, Bandra Linking Road, Mumbai, India. The store

    is spread over 2,500 sq ft (230 m2) and houses more than 1500 watches on

    display from Titan like Purple, Automatics, Orion, Raga, Edge, Nebula, and

    many more.[6]

    On November 16, 2011, Titan Industries acquired Swiss watch makerFavre-

    Leuba for Euro 2 million.[7]

    Company History

    For almost eight decades, Citizen has been ahead of its time. Our brand has

    always stood for innovations and high precision that make life better for

    everyday people and now we are raising our sights to meet the needs of the

    new Millennium.

    Our History

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    Our beginnings go back to 1924, when Citizen's forerunner, the Shokosha

    Watch Research Watch Institute produced its first pocket watch the

    "CITIZEN". The then Mayor of Tokyo, Mr Shimpei Goto, named the watch

    "CITIZEN" with the hope that the watch, a luxury item of those times,

    would become widely available to ordinary citizens and be sold throughout

    the world.

    Time and again Citizen has pioneered groundbreaking technologies and

    helped to make watches an indispensable part of modern life. Introduced in

    1956, Parashock was the first shock resistant watch made by a Japanese

    manufacturer. And three years later, Parawater was hailed as the country's

    first water resistant watch.

    One of the latest milestones is our Eco-Drive system. Bringing new thinking

    to the art of watchmaking, this is a light powered solution that eliminates the

    need to change batteries - a revolution that made it the first watch

    technology to receive the Japan Environment Association's Eco Mark for

    environmentally friendly products.

    And in 2003, Citizen continues to evolve and be ahead of its time with the

    launch of Stiletto. This is the World's thinnest light powered watch - a watch

    so revolutionary it combines eco-drive technology with a refined, sleek and

    sophisticated case and bracelet from 4.4mm thick.

    Citizen is, however more diverse then simply watches. In fact watches only

    represent less than 40% of the company's business. Today we are drawing

    on a heritage of proven quality and technologies as we develop the market

    for watches, clocks, jewellery, eyeglass frames and health care products.

    The Citizen Watch Company, Ltd. was established in 1930. Citizen Watches

    NZ was established in 1975 with its Head Office in Auckland.

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    Citizen believes that delivering excellence is the key to building successful

    partnerships with retailers and consumers alike. Excellence in product,

    marketing and service is paramount, and the resources required to achieve

    excellence are viewed as investments, not costs.

    Citizen looks forward to the challenges that the future will no doubt bring.

    Our guarantee is a commitment to continually strive and work towards an

    even more successful future for our retailers and consumers. Ready for

    further growth and progress, we are working harder than ever to explore new

    directions and contribute to changing lifestyles.

    Timex

    Timex is a brand of watches owned by Timex Group B.V..

    Timex may also refer to:

    Timex Group USA, a subsidiary of Timex Group B.V. and a large

    manufacturer of watches

    Timex Sinclair, a series of microcomputersTimex, a brand for audio electronics licensed to SDI Technologies

    Timex (Unix), a Unix tool used to measure the duration of shell processes

    Timex Social Club, a band from the 1980s with one major hit, Rumors

    OMEGA

    OMEGA is the last letter of the Greek alphabet and symbolises

    accomplishment and perfection - qualities that have been inherent in everyOMEGA watch since the company's founding by Louis Brandt in La Chaux-

    de-Fonds, Switzerland, in 1848.

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    The brand's reputation for innovation and quality has led to numerous

    awards over the company's 150-year history, starting as early as 1900 with

    the Grand Prix at the Paris World Fair and continuing with the world

    precision record of 97.8 points at the Kew-Teddington observatory in

    England in 1936.

    OMEGA went on to be official timekeeper at no less than 21 Olympic

    Games, bringing numerous innovations to Olympic sports over the years,

    such as the first electronic timekeeping at the Helsinki games in 1952 - the

    same year in which the company was awarded the Olympic Cross of Merit

    for its outstanding contribution to sport.

    On account of its precision and reliability, OMEGA's Speedmaster watch

    was chosen by NASA as its official chronometer in 1965 and 4 years later

    was the first watch to be worn on the moon, when, on 21 July 1969, Neil

    Armstrong made his giant leap for mankind.

    In more recent years, OMEGA has continued to build on its reputation for

    precision and innovation, presenting the world's first self-winding

    wristwatch with central tourbillon (launched in 1994) and the revolutionary

    coaxial escapement sur developed in conjunction with renowned English

    master watchmaker George Daniels first offered in limited series in 1999.

    OMEGA owes a large part of its watchmaking excellence to the quality of

    its movements. These magnificent watches are highly collectible, and hold a

    very special place in many collectors showcases.

    There seems to be an aura about Omega watches that captivate this collector

    especially.

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    Check out the followins link. There are pictures and history of vintage

    Omega watches:

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    Rolex

    Rolex SA and its subsidiary Montres Tudor SA design, manufacture,

    distribute and service high-quality wristwatches sold under the Rolex and

    Tudor brands. Founded by Hans Wildorf and Alfred Davis in London,

    England in 1905 as Wilsdorf and Davis, Rolex moved its base of operations

    to Geneva, Switzerland in 1919.

    Bloomberg Businessweekmagazine ranked Rolex No.71 on its 2007 list of

    the 100 most valuable global brands.[2] Rolex is the largest single luxury

    watch brand, producing about 2,000 watches per day, with estimated 2003

    revenues of approximately US$3 billion.

    History

    Hans Wilsdorfand his brother-in-law, Alfred Davis, founded Wilsdorf and

    Davis, the company that would eventually become Rolex SA, in London,

    England in 1905.[3] Wilsdorf and Davis' main business at the time was

    importing Hermann Aegler's Swiss movements to England and placing them

    in quality watch cases made by Dennison and others. These early

    wristwatches were sold tojewellers, who then put their own names on the

    dial. The earliest watches from Wilsdorf and Davis were usually hallmarked"W&D" inside the caseback.

    In 1908, Wilsdorf registered the trademark "Rolex" and opened an office

    in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland.[3] The company name "Rolex" was

    registered on 15 November 1915. The book The Best of Time: Rolex

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    Wristwatches: An Unauthorized History by Jeffrey P. Hess and James

    Dowling says that the name was just made up.[4] One story, never

    confirmed by Wilsdorf, is that the name came from the French

    phrase horlogerie exquise, meaning "exquisite clockwork"[5] or as a

    contraction of "horological excellence". Wilsdorf was said to want his watch

    brand's name to be easily pronounceable in any language.[6] He also thought

    that the name "Rolex" wasonomatopoeic, sounding like a watch being

    wound. It is easily pronounceable in many languages and, as all letters have

    the same size, allows to be written symmetrically. It was also short enough

    to fit on the face of a watch.[6]

    In 1914, Kew Observatory awarded a Rolex watch a Class A precision

    certificate, a distinction which was normally awarded exclusively to

    marine chronometers.[6]

    In 1919, Wilsdorf left England due to wartime taxes levied on luxury

    imports as well as export duties on the silver and gold used for the watch

    cases driving costs too high[5] and moved the company to Geneva,

    Switzerland, where it was established as the Rolex Watch Company. Its

    name was later changed to Montres Rolex, SA and finally Rolex, SA.

    [3] Upon the death of his wife in 1944, Wilsdorf established the Hans

    Wilsdorf Foundation in which he left all of his Rolex shares, making sure

    that some of the company's income would go to charity. The company is still

    owned by a private trust and shares are not traded on any stock exchange.[5]

    In December 2008, the abrupt departure of Chief Executive Patrick

    Heiniger, for personal reasons, was followed by a denial by the company

    that it had lost 1 billion Swiss francs (approx 574 million, $900 million)

    invested with Bernard Madoff, the American asset manager who pleaded

    guilty to an approximately 30 billion worldwide Ponzi scheme fraud.[7]

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    Today, Rolex watches are popularly considered status symbols.[8][9][10]

    [11]

    HMT Limited

    HMT Limited, formerly Hindustan Machine Tools Limited, is a state-owned

    manufacturing company under the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public

    Enterprises inIndia.[1]

    History

    Hindustan Machine Tools was incorporated in 1953 by the Government of

    India as a machine tool manufacturing company. Over the years diversified

    into watches, tractors,printing machinery, metal forming presses, die

    casting &plastic processing machinery, CNC systems & bearings. HMT is

    headquartered at Bengaluru ( Bangalore ). Successful technology absorption

    in all product groups through collaborations with world renowned

    manufacturers and further strengthened by continuous in-house R&D.

    Today, HMT comprises six subsidiaries under the ambit of a holding

    company, which also manages the tractors business directly.

    HMT Limited took overPraga Tools Limited as one of its subsidiaries 1988.

    [2] Praga Tools Limited was established in May, 1943 as Praga Tools

    Corporation Limited to manufacture machine tools with its head quarters

    at Secunderabad. It was renamed as Praga Tools Limited in 1963. It ismainly involved in manufacture of machine tools including CNC machines.

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    MARKETING STRATEGY

    As we all know that marketing mix is basically consist of 4 ps i. e price,

    product, place and promotion.

    Price:

    Advantage: competitor of mid-price segment will capture the whole market.

    Disadvantage: competitor of premium price segment will enjoy the more

    market.

    Product:

    Advantage: Increased in the quality will increase the cost which will give

    benefit to the competitor.

    Disadvantage: Quality decrease will help competitor to capture the whole

    market.

    Place:

    Advantage: more number of places of operation will make the competitor

    week.

    Disadvantage: less number of places of operation will leads to wipe out

    from the market.

    Promotion:

    Advantage: Increase in sales promotion will affect more market share.

    Disadvantage: decrease in sales promotion give benefit to the competitor.

    Industrys Role

    As there have many competitor exists in this Industry, the competition is too

    much. Whenever any company bring changes in its marketing mix, all the

    companies also implement changes in their marketing mix to sustain in the

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    competition. By that the structure of whole industry is changing and affects

    the competitive forces in the Industry

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    DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

    7.1 Data Interpretation

    Titan sub-brand ownedThis was a multiple choice question where respondents were asked to

    choose sub-brands of Titan which they possess. It was found that around 72% ofthe consumers in the age group of 20-30 years possess Fastrack brand, 14%Sonata, 6% Raga, 4% Nebula and only 2% own WWF and Edge.

    Figure 4: Titan sub-brands possessed by respondents

    Period of useThe respondents were asked to mention since how long they have been

    brand loyal to Titan. This was an open ended question and hence variousresponses were received. The minimum period of use was set as one year, as

    mentioned earlier, while the maximum period of use was determined. Forconvenience, the different responses are categorized into three: 1year 4years,4years 7years and 7years 10years.

    64% of the respondents fall into first category, i.e., they are using Titan

    watch in the range of one to four years. 24% respondents are in second category

    and the rest 12 % are using it for more than seven years.

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    Figure 5: Period of watchs use

    Reasons for brand loyalty

    The respondents were asked to select the reasons from the options given

    for their preference for Titan watches. For this question, multi-responses were

    received from the respondents.

    Table 1: Reasons for brand preference

    Reasons No. of respondents (out of total

    50)

    Attractive designs 39

    Reasonable Price 7

    Brand image 22

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    Good quality 25

    Figure 6: Reasons for brand preference

    Recall of Titans tagline

    Titans tagline, before brand repositioning exercise has been undertaken,

    was

    Whats your style. This tagline was adopted during first rebranding exercise in

    2004.

    The respondents were asked to indicate whether they remember thetagline in dichotomous way, i.e., as yes or no. It was found that only 22% of

    the respondents were able to recall the tagline and the remaining 78% answered

    in negative.

    Figure 7: Recall of Titans original tagline

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    Titans advertisements

    Titan advertises its watches in almost all media vehicles. The

    advertisements can be seen in TV, magazines, newspaper, hoardings,

    billboards, radio and so on.

    Types of media No. of respondents

    TV 46

    Magazines 25

    Newspapers 36

    Hoardings 15

    Radio 4

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    All the 50 respondents have seen the advertisements of Titan watches in

    various media. This was a multi-response question and the options given to

    select were restricted to TV, magazines, newspapers, hoardings and radio.

    The findings of the survey have been summarized in a table as follows:

    Table 2: Major Advertisement media

    Figure 8: Major advertisement media

    Brand Ambassador of Titan

    Aamir Khan is the brand ambassador of Titan since 2004. When the

    respondents were asked to recollect the same, it was found that 46 of 50 sample

    size were able to correctly mention the brand ambassador while the remaining 4

    did not give any response implying that they are not aware of it.

    Figure 9: Awareness of brand ambassador

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    Awareness of new tagline Be More

    The survey has revealed that less than half of the total numbers of

    respondents (36%) are aware of new tagline.

    Figure 10: Awareness of new tagline

    New designs of TitanTitan has launched several new designs in 2008 in its existing collections

    and as per its plans introduced new product collections also. The respondents

    were asked to rate the new designs as poor, average, above average,

    good and excellent.

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    7 respondents feel that their designs are excellent, 39 have rated them

    as good and 4 have rated as average.

    Figure 11: Consumer perception of new designs

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    New Campaign of Titan

    The survey has revealed that the percentage of respondents who have

    seen the new campaign focussing on be more featuring Aamir Khan is 50%.

    Figure 12: Awareness of new campaign

    Rating of New Campaign

    The 50% of the respondents who have seen the new campaign were

    asked to rate it with respect to how effective the campaign is in inspiring

    consumers to have a new look everyday and be more in lives.

    16 out of 25 respondents consider the new campaign to be highly

    effective while the remaining 9 rated it as effective

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    Figure 13: Consumer perception of new campaign

    Titans exclusive showrooms

    The respondents were asked to rate Titans exclusive showrooms on 5

    point rating scale Poor, Average, Above Average, Good and Excellent. The

    factors related to showrooms that were provided to the respondents for rating are

    store ambience, sales personnel, after sales service and display of watches.

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    Figure 14: Consumer perception of store ambience

    36 of the 50 respondents have rated store ambience as Good and 7

    each rated as Above Average and Excellent. This proves that store ambience

    plays an important role in consumer perception of service quality.

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    Figure 15: Consumer perception of sales personnel

    With respect to sales personnel, 35 respondents rated them as Good,

    while 4 each rated as Poor and Average, 7 respondents gave rating of Above

    Average.

    Figure 16: Consumer Perception about after sales service

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    In the survey, 31 out of 50 respondents rated after sales service as

    Good, 4 each as Average, Above Average and Excellent while 7

    respondents rated as Poor.

    Figure 17: Consumer perception of Display of watches

    Most of the respondents have given high ratings to the display of watches

    in Titan showroom. 22 respondents rated it as Excellent, 24 respondents as

    Good and only 4 respondents gave rating of Average.

    Figure 18: Overall perception about Titan showrooms

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    The respondents were also asked to give overall rating to Titans exclusive

    showrooms. It was found that out of total 50 respondents, 30 rated as good

    while the remaining considered the showrooms to be excellent.

    Around 50% of the respondents rated all the variables related to Titans

    exclusive showrooms as good.

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    Limitations

    The study is confined to Sagar area only

    There is possibility of sampling errors in the study

    The responses of the consumers may not be genuine

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    CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

    Financial statement analysis focuses on one or more elements of a

    companys financial condition or operating results. Researcher emphasizes

    five areas of inquiry, with varying degrees of importance.

    Short-Term Liquidity. Ability to meet short-term obligations.

    Cash Flow Analysis. Future availability and disposition of cash.

    Return on Invested Capital. Ability to provide financial rewards sufficient to

    attract and retain financing.

    Asset utilization. Asset intensity in generating revenues to reach a sufficient

    profitability level.

    Operating performance and Profitability. Success at minimizing revenues

    and minimizing expenses from operating activities over the long run.

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    BIBLIOGRAPHY

    Trevor D'Souza, July 14th Monday, 2003. Pakistan textile industry: a brief

    review. The NEWS.

    Sofie Vander Meulen. 2003. Determinants of financial statements.

    Leslie Rogers, 1997, Go with the flow: Using Ratios to analyze cash flow

    data. The National Public Accountant.

    Barne, 1986. The statistical validity of the ratio method in financial

    analysis: an empirical examination: a comment", Journal of Business

    Finance and Accounting. Pg.13-14, 627-635.

    Salmi, Vitanen, and Olli, 1990, On the classification of financial ratios. A

    factor and transformation analysis of accrual, cash flow, and market-based

    ratios. Acta Wasaensia, no 25.

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    Questionnaire

    Name _____________________________________________________

    Add/ Mob. _____________________________________________________

    Q.1 Do you have knowledge about these product ?(a) Yes (b) No.

    Q.2 Are you satisfied with these product(a) Yes (b) No.

    Q.3 From where do you have got knowledge about this product(a) Print Media (b) Electronic Media (c) Media

    Q.4 Which product you like most(a) TITAN (b) ROLEX (c) OMEGA (d) CITIZEN (E) HMT

    Q.5 Do you like the quality of this product

    Q.6 What is the reason becuase of which you prefer this product(a) Quality (b) Price (c) Product

    Q. 7 Any Suggestions:

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