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World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Mar 26, 2015

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Page 1: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

World War II to Cold War to VietnamWorld War II to Cold War to Vietnam

Page 2: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Who was involved in WWII?Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers:Axis Powers: GermanyGermany, ,

JapanJapan, , ItalyItaly

Allied Powers:Allied Powers: FranceFrance, ,

EnglandEngland, , Soviet Soviet UnionUnion United United StatesStates

Similar to the Similar to the sides during sides during WWI.WWI.

Page 3: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Countries and their leadersCountries and their leaders

Germany was lead by Germany was lead by Adolf Adolf HitlerHitler [ [Fuehrer] for about Fuehrer] for about 12 years.12 years.

Leader of Germany’s Leader of Germany’s NaziNazi party.party.

Main ideas of his Main ideas of his government:government:

white supremacywhite supremacy Strong militaryStrong military Control of Central Control of Central

EuropeEurope Elimination of Jews Elimination of Jews

Page 4: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Countries and their leadersCountries and their leaders Italy was led by Italy was led by Benito Benito

MussoliniMussolini [president] [president] for about 22 years.for about 22 years.

Leader of Italy’s Leader of Italy’s Fascist Fascist party. party.

Main ideas of his Main ideas of his governmentgovernment::

Extreme nationalismExtreme nationalism Strong militaryStrong military Against personal Against personal

freedomfreedom Against big businessAgainst big business

Page 5: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Countries and their leadersCountries and their leaders Japan was led by Japan was led by EmperorEmperor

HirohitoHirohito for about 20 for about 20 years.years.

Absolute Monarch of Japan.Absolute Monarch of Japan.

Main ideas of his Main ideas of his government:government:

Modern version of Modern version of ancient Japan.ancient Japan.

Held absolute control Held absolute control over people’s lives.over people’s lives.

Viciously loyal military.Viciously loyal military. Wanted control over Wanted control over

fellow oriental Asians fellow oriental Asians [China and Korea].[China and Korea].

Page 6: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Axis PowersAxis Powers These countries combined to form the Axis Powers.These countries combined to form the Axis Powers. Germany, Italy and JapanGermany, Italy and Japan Fought against the Allied Powers.Fought against the Allied Powers.

Page 7: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Countries and their leadersCountries and their leaders The United States was led by The United States was led by

Franklin D. RooseveltFranklin D. Roosevelt [president] for about 12 years.[president] for about 12 years.

Leader of the Democratic Leader of the Democratic party.party.

Main ideas of his Main ideas of his government:government:

The government should The government should help its people to help its people to succeed and survive.succeed and survive.

All people should work.All people should work. Private companies must Private companies must

help the government help the government when it needs to.when it needs to.

Page 8: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Countries and their leadersCountries and their leaders The Soviet Union was led The Soviet Union was led

by by Josef StalinJosef Stalin [Communist party leader] [Communist party leader] for about 30 years.for about 30 years.

Leader of the Leader of the Communist Communist partyparty..

Main ideas of his Main ideas of his government:government:

Control every portion Control every portion of people’s lives.of people’s lives.

Strong military.Strong military. Have Have equalityequality among among

regular people.regular people. No private businesses No private businesses

for profitfor profit..

Page 9: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Countries and their leadersCountries and their leaders Great Britain was led by Great Britain was led by

Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill [Prime Minister] for [Prime Minister] for about 10 years.about 10 years.

Prime Minister of Prime Minister of England.England.

Main ideas of his Main ideas of his government:government:

England must be a England must be a strong leader in the strong leader in the world.world.

Government must help Government must help people succeed.people succeed.

England must cooperate England must cooperate with its fellow countries.with its fellow countries.

Page 10: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Causes of World War IICauses of World War II

Treatment of Germany after W.W.ITreatment of Germany after W.W.I [signing of [signing of guilt clause, payment of reparations guilt clause, payment of reparations 19181918].].

The Great DepressionThe Great Depression [stock market crash of [stock market crash of 19291929].].

HolocaustHolocaust [organized murder of Jews, Gypsies and [organized murder of Jews, Gypsies and handicapped people by Nazi Germany handicapped people by Nazi Germany 1932-19441932-1944].].

German invasions of their neighborsGerman invasions of their neighbors [Czechoslovakia and Poland [Czechoslovakia and Poland 1938-91938-9].].

Japan’s attack on U.S. Naval baseJapan’s attack on U.S. Naval base [Pearl [Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Harbor, Hawaii 19411941]]

Page 11: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Images of the Great Images of the Great DepressionDepression

Page 12: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Images of the Great Images of the Great DepressionDepression

Page 13: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

What caused the Great What caused the Great Depression?Depression?

In 1929 the In 1929 the Stock Stock MarketMarket crashed [called crashed [called Black Tuesday].Black Tuesday].

What does that mean?What does that mean?

The The valuevalue of American of American companies companies plungedplunged..

People were fired from People were fired from their jobs and banks their jobs and banks were forced to close.were forced to close.

Almost all the money Almost all the money was gone.was gone.

Page 14: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Road to the Road to the HolocaustHolocaust

Before the Great Before the Great Depression some of Depression some of the the richestrichest people people in in GermanyGermany were were JewsJews..

Owned businesses Owned businesses [department stores, [department stores, jewelry stores and jewelry stores and banks].banks].

Some non-Jewish Some non-Jewish Germans became Germans became enviousenvious and and hatefulhateful..

Page 15: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

KristallnachtKristallnacht The The night of the broken night of the broken

glassglass..

Two day reign of terror led Two day reign of terror led by German Nazi Storm by German Nazi Storm troopers on November 9-troopers on November 9-10, 1938.10, 1938.

Destroyed private property Destroyed private property of Jews in Germany and of Jews in Germany and Austria.Austria.

Homes, shops and Homes, shops and businesses were ransacked businesses were ransacked and ravaged.and ravaged.

Page 16: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Images of the HolocaustImages of the Holocaust

Page 17: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Images of the HolocaustImages of the Holocaust

Page 18: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Images of the HolocaustImages of the Holocaust

Page 19: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

German Aggression towards its German Aggression towards its

neighborsneighbors

Why did Germany attack its neighbors?Why did Germany attack its neighbors? To gain more territory.To gain more territory. To show its power and inflict fear in other countries.To show its power and inflict fear in other countries.

Page 20: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

World’s reaction to Germany’s World’s reaction to Germany’s aggressionaggression

European countries European countries became nervous over became nervous over Germany’s invasions.Germany’s invasions.

England’s Prime Minister England’s Prime Minister [before Churchill] met [before Churchill] met with Hitler.with Hitler.

What did Hitler tell him?What did Hitler tell him?

Czechoslovakia was all Czechoslovakia was all he wanted and no one he wanted and no one else had to be worried.else had to be worried.

Page 21: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

World’s reaction to Germany’s World’s reaction to Germany’s aggressionaggression

England was persuaded to abandon England was persuaded to abandon Czechoslovakia.Czechoslovakia.

England persuaded her allies to England persuaded her allies to appeaseappease [to satisfy, pacify, soothe, [to satisfy, pacify, soothe, assuage] Germany as well.assuage] Germany as well.

Germany Germany did not stopdid not stop there it there it attacked attacked Poland, Austria, France, Poland, Austria, France, EnglandEngland and many others. and many others.

Page 22: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project In 1941 the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers started a top In 1941 the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers started a top

secret program to create a weapon of mass destruction. secret program to create a weapon of mass destruction.

The program was code named Manhattan.The program was code named Manhattan.

Scientists from countries such as Italy, Germany, Austria Scientists from countries such as Italy, Germany, Austria and the U.S. were able to and the U.S. were able to enrich uranium and plutonium.enrich uranium and plutonium.

The process was based on atomic chain reactions which The process was based on atomic chain reactions which massive amounts of energy to release.massive amounts of energy to release.

The weapon became known as the The weapon became known as the atomic bombatomic bomb

Page 23: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Japan’s Aggression at Pearl Japan’s Aggression at Pearl Harbor Harbor

Page 24: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Japan’s Aggression at Pearl Japan’s Aggression at Pearl HarborHarbor

On December 7, 1941 On December 7, 1941 Japan attacked the U.S. Japan attacked the U.S. Naval base at Pearl Harbor, Naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.Hawaii.

The attack was done using The attack was done using war planes.war planes.

Attack was a near total Attack was a near total surprise but killed over surprise but killed over 2,000 U.S. servicemen.2,000 U.S. servicemen.

F.D.R. called the day one F.D.R. called the day one “that would live in infamy.”“that would live in infamy.”

The United States declared The United States declared war against the Axis war against the Axis powers days after.powers days after.

Page 25: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

The United States Strikes Back!The United States Strikes Back! Within three days of each Within three days of each

other the United States other the United States dropped two atomic bombs.dropped two atomic bombs.

Code names were Fat man Code names were Fat man and Little Boyand Little Boy

First one on Hiroshima, Japan.First one on Hiroshima, Japan. Second one on Nagasaki, Second one on Nagasaki,

Japan.Japan. At least 80,000 killed At least 80,000 killed

instantly.instantly. Many more died due to Many more died due to

radiation poison later on.radiation poison later on.

Page 26: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Fat man and Little BoyFat man and Little Boy

Page 27: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

The End of World War IIThe End of World War II

Germany was defeated by the Allies by May of 1945 Germany was defeated by the Allies by May of 1945 called VE Day [called VE Day [VVictory over ictory over EEurope day].urope day].

Japan surrendered to the United States on in September Japan surrendered to the United States on in September 1945 called VJ Day [1945 called VJ Day [VVictory over ictory over JJapan day].apan day].

Page 28: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

The Aftermath of the WarThe Aftermath of the War The allied powers split up The allied powers split up

and Russia became an and Russia became an “enemy” of the United “enemy” of the United States.States.

Germany was split into Germany was split into two separate countries two separate countries creating the creating the Berlin WallBerlin Wall

In a speech at an In a speech at an American College Winston American College Winston Churchill described the Churchill described the spread by saying spread by saying “it “it appears an appears an iron curtain has descended over has descended over Eastern Europe.”Eastern Europe.”

Japan was occupied by the Japan was occupied by the United States and was United States and was not not allowedallowed to have a to have a military.military.

Page 29: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

The Yalta ConferenceThe Yalta Conference After WWII ended the After WWII ended the Allied PowersAllied Powers [U.S., England and Soviet Union] had to [U.S., England and Soviet Union] had to

decide what to do with the world.decide what to do with the world.

The Allied Powers met near the Soviet Union and decided to “carve up” The Allied Powers met near the Soviet Union and decided to “carve up” GermanyGermany

The “allies” agreed on some things but disagreed on others.The “allies” agreed on some things but disagreed on others.

Stalin wanted to control countries in Eastern Europe.Stalin wanted to control countries in Eastern Europe.

FDR and Churchill wanted countries to be democratic. FDR and Churchill wanted countries to be democratic.

Page 30: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Results Results of the Yalta Conferenceof the Yalta Conference

Europe was split into two parts [East and West].Europe was split into two parts [East and West]. The East was The East was controlledcontrolled by the Soviet Union by the Soviet Union

[controlled via the [controlled via the Iron CurtainIron Curtain].]. The West was The West was influencedinfluenced by the United States. by the United States. This created suspicion, competition and rivalry.This created suspicion, competition and rivalry.

Page 31: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

What is a Superpower?What is a Superpower? Two (2) Two (2) superpowerssuperpowers

emerged from Yaltaemerged from Yalta

Who were they?Who were they?

United StatesUnited States and the and the Soviet UnionSoviet Union

These two countries were These two countries were the most the most powerfulpowerful for for many reasons.many reasons.

Both had strong militariesBoth had strong militaries Both had vast natural Both had vast natural

resourcesresources No other country could, by No other country could, by

itself, challenge them. itself, challenge them.

Page 32: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

The United NationsThe United Nations A group of fifty (50) A group of fifty (50)

countries “came together” countries “came together” in June 1945.in June 1945.

Even though the Yalta Even though the Yalta Conference left the U.S. and Conference left the U.S. and Soviet Union at odds they Soviet Union at odds they also joined.also joined.

The mission of the The mission of the U.N.U.N. was was to keep world peace.to keep world peace.

Each member nation has a Each member nation has a vote [members are called vote [members are called diplomatsdiplomats].].

The real power rests with The real power rests with the large countries which the large countries which constitute the constitute the security security councilcouncil..

Page 33: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Truman DoctrineTruman Doctrine FDR died in 1945FDR died in 1945

Vice President Vice President Harry Truman took over and decided “stop took over and decided “stop babying” the Soviets.babying” the Soviets.

Truman began of policy of Truman began of policy of containmentcontainment..

This meant keeping the This meant keeping the Soviets from spreading Soviets from spreading communismcommunism to other to other countries.countries.

Page 34: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

The Marshall PlanThe Marshall Plan

Former World War II army Former World War II army general, George Marshall, general, George Marshall, became Truman’s Secretary of became Truman’s Secretary of State after the warState after the war

He designed the He designed the Marshall PlanMarshall Plan to rebuild Europe.to rebuild Europe.

Offered money, equipment, Offered money, equipment, food, machines and workersfood, machines and workers

Purpose?Purpose?

Fix damageFix damage caused by WWII caused by WWII

Page 35: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift The Soviets challenged Truman’s containment and occasionally The Soviets challenged Truman’s containment and occasionally

test the United Statestest the United States..

Best example of this was Stalin’s Best example of this was Stalin’s blockadeblockade of West Berlin of West Berlin

Truman was forced to fly in food, fuel and supplies for West Truman was forced to fly in food, fuel and supplies for West Germans cut off by the Soviets.Germans cut off by the Soviets.

More than 277,000 flights dropped off 2 million tons of supplies.More than 277,000 flights dropped off 2 million tons of supplies.

Page 36: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Tension between the SuperpowersTension between the Superpowers The blockade ofThe blockade of Berlin by the Soviets heightened the Berlin by the Soviets heightened the

fear of Western Europe.fear of Western Europe. Within months countries including Within months countries including FranceFrance, , EnglandEngland, ,

ItalyItaly, , CanadaCanada and the and the U.S.U.S. formed formed NATONATO.. The The North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization Purpose?Purpose? To counter the threat of Soviet aggression. To counter the threat of Soviet aggression.

Page 37: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Soviet response to NATOSoviet response to NATO

The Soviet Union developed its own alliance in 1955 The Soviet Union developed its own alliance in 1955 forming the forming the Warsaw Pact.Warsaw Pact.

Purpose(s)?Purpose(s)? [a] The counter the growing influence of NATO.[a] The counter the growing influence of NATO. [b] Increase the power of the [b] Increase the power of the Soviet UnionSoviet Union..

Page 38: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

U.S.-U.S.S.R. RelationsU.S.-U.S.S.R. Relations

Because of tensions Because of tensions between the two between the two superpowers the risk superpowers the risk of war was great.of war was great.

By 1949 the U.S.S.R. By 1949 the U.S.S.R. had also become a had also become a nuclear powernuclear power..

Because of the threat Because of the threat of nuclear war both of nuclear war both sides were cautious.sides were cautious.

Page 39: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

U.S.-U.S.S.R. RelationsU.S.-U.S.S.R. Relations Threats of war from both sides Threats of war from both sides

were constant.were constant.

Both sides tested each other Both sides tested each other occasionally with minor challenges occasionally with minor challenges to see what the other would do.to see what the other would do.

At other times the challenges were At other times the challenges were great.great.

In the face of challenges In the face of challenges important decisions had to occur.important decisions had to occur.

Should we use nuclear force?Should we use nuclear force?

These type of “battles” were These type of “battles” were called called brinkmanshipbrinkmanship..

Forcing the other side to the Forcing the other side to the “brink” of war.“brink” of war.

Bay of Pigs InvasionIn April of 1961 a secret C.I.A. sponsored mission to overthrow Cuban Communist leader Fidel Castro was defeated by Cuban forces.

Castro soon after sought the protection of the Soviet Union.

Page 40: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

U.S.-U.S.S.R. Relations: U.S.-U.S.S.R. Relations: Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 To assist Cuba the Soviet Union secretly placed nuclear missiles inside of To assist Cuba the Soviet Union secretly placed nuclear missiles inside of

Cuba.Cuba.

Our U-2 spy planes detected the missiles and took pictures of them.Our U-2 spy planes detected the missiles and took pictures of them.

After President Kennedy was informed about the missiles less than 100 After President Kennedy was informed about the missiles less than 100 miles away from Florida and 5 minutes away from major U.S. cities after miles away from Florida and 5 minutes away from major U.S. cities after launch 13 days of brinkmanship between the U.S. and U.S.S.R. ensued. launch 13 days of brinkmanship between the U.S. and U.S.S.R. ensued. Thankfully the crisis was diffused and the Cuban missiles were Thankfully the crisis was diffused and the Cuban missiles were dismantled and sent back to the Soviet Union.dismantled and sent back to the Soviet Union.

Examples of brinkmanship during the Cuban Missile Crisis wereExamples of brinkmanship during the Cuban Missile Crisis were::

[1] Continued U-2 flights and Cuban anti-aircraft fire at spy planes[1] Continued U-2 flights and Cuban anti-aircraft fire at spy planes

[2] U.S. quarantined with its Navy Soviet ships from entering Cuba with [2] U.S. quarantined with its Navy Soviet ships from entering Cuba with their ships [a blockade would have been an act of war]their ships [a blockade would have been an act of war]

[3] U.S. military was put on highest alert and performed public training [3] U.S. military was put on highest alert and performed public training maneuversmaneuvers

[4] U.S. exploded a nuclear bomb in New Mexico and broadcast the blast on [4] U.S. exploded a nuclear bomb in New Mexico and broadcast the blast on television.television.

Page 41: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

U.S.-U.S.S.R. Relations: U.S.-U.S.S.R. Relations: U-2 incidentU-2 incident

To gain information on the To gain information on the other side other side espionageespionage was was practiced.practiced.

The U.S. sent countless The U.S. sent countless aerial spy missions using aerial spy missions using U-2 spy planesU-2 spy planes..

In 1960 an American U-2 In 1960 an American U-2 was shot down over Soviet was shot down over Soviet territory.territory.

The U.S. pilot, Gary The U.S. pilot, Gary Powers, was jailed for Powers, was jailed for nearly 2 years. nearly 2 years.

Page 42: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Competition in arms/technologyCompetition in arms/technology

Americans were first to Americans were first to create nuclear weapons create nuclear weapons but the Soviets were first but the Soviets were first in creating/launching in creating/launching satellites and satellites and ICBMsICBMs [intercontinental [intercontinental ballistic missiles]ballistic missiles]..

In 1957 the USSR launched In 1957 the USSR launched the space satellite the space satellite Sputnik Sputnik via ICBM.via ICBM.

The satellite was the first The satellite was the first to circle the earth from to circle the earth from space and could take space and could take pictures of the earth’s pictures of the earth’s surface.surface.

ICBMs could reach targets ICBMs could reach targets far from their launch sites.far from their launch sites.

Page 43: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

Truman and the Korean ConflictTruman and the Korean Conflict During the last years of Harry Truman’s presidency an effort contain the During the last years of Harry Truman’s presidency an effort contain the

spread of communism throughout Asia persisted.spread of communism throughout Asia persisted.

From 1950-1953 the United States engaged in a “conflict” [sometimes called From 1950-1953 the United States engaged in a “conflict” [sometimes called war] with Korea.war] with Korea.

During the War Communist Korea [North] had assistance from China.During the War Communist Korea [North] had assistance from China.

The United States supported the Southern republican effort and after 2.5 The United States supported the Southern republican effort and after 2.5 years of fierce fighting the nation was split at the 38years of fierce fighting the nation was split at the 38thth line of latitude. line of latitude.

Page 44: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

McCarthyism and the Red ScareMcCarthyism and the Red Scare Throughout the mid 1940s to the 1950s a powerful U.S. Senator from Throughout the mid 1940s to the 1950s a powerful U.S. Senator from

Minnesota Minnesota Joseph McCarthy Joseph McCarthy conducted investigations into communist conducted investigations into communist infiltration of the United States.infiltration of the United States.

With use of the F.B.I. files, surveillance, background checks and With use of the F.B.I. files, surveillance, background checks and congressional hearings McCarthy intended to “root out” perceived congressional hearings McCarthy intended to “root out” perceived threats against the security of the United States.threats against the security of the United States.

Many hundreds of well known and unknown Americans were ruined Many hundreds of well known and unknown Americans were ruined because of their beliefs and connections to certain groups. because of their beliefs and connections to certain groups.

Eventually because of irrational accusations and investigative errors Eventually because of irrational accusations and investigative errors McCarthyism was discredited. McCarthyism was discredited.

Page 45: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

The Vietnam WarThe Vietnam War

Perhaps the most unpopular Perhaps the most unpopular U.S. war until the Iraq War of U.S. war until the Iraq War of 2003.2003.

U.S. involvement began first U.S. involvement began first as an advisory role sending as an advisory role sending expert military officers to help expert military officers to help French forces against French forces against Communist Vietnamese Communist Vietnamese troops.troops.

By 1961 U.S. involvement was By 1961 U.S. involvement was fully engaged.fully engaged.

Presidents Lyndon Johnson Presidents Lyndon Johnson and Richard Nixon escalated and Richard Nixon escalated U.S. involvement to over U.S. involvement to over 100,000 troops at its peak. 100,000 troops at its peak.

Page 46: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

The Vietnam WarThe Vietnam War The war became increasing unpopular The war became increasing unpopular

within the United States after American within the United States after American death tolls continued to climb.death tolls continued to climb.

Alleged American war crimes and Alleged American war crimes and atrocities by U.S. servicemen contributed atrocities by U.S. servicemen contributed to the poor outlook.to the poor outlook.

Male citizens were drafted in huge Male citizens were drafted in huge numbers. Many men refused to serve.numbers. Many men refused to serve.

Eventually about 58,000 U.S. servicemen Eventually about 58,000 U.S. servicemen were killed in the conflict.were killed in the conflict.

Hundreds more are unaccounted for as Hundreds more are unaccounted for as Missing in Action or possible Prisoners of Missing in Action or possible Prisoners of War.War.

The entire context of the war had been to The entire context of the war had been to contain the spread of communism.contain the spread of communism.

Page 47: World War II to Cold War to Vietnam. Who was involved in WWII? Axis Powers: Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers: Allied.

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