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Working Smarter, Not Harder James Nottingham www.p4c.com www.jamesnottingham.co.uk
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Working Smarter, Not Harder

Nov 29, 2014

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Education

Slides used by James Nottingham in the 2nd workshop, day 2 of the Hawker Brownlow conference, Melbourne on 22nd May 2011
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Page 1: Working Smarter, Not Harder

Working Smarter, Not Harder

James Nottingham www.p4c.comwww.jamesnottingham.co.uk

Page 2: Working Smarter, Not Harder

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Systems & Structures

Vision

Patterns of Behaviour

Events

Mental Models

Levels of Perspective (Daniel Kim)

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Page 5: Working Smarter, Not Harder
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What Are You Focusing On?

"It's not what's happening to you now or what has happened in your past that

determines who you become. Rather, it's your decisions about what to focus on, what things mean to you, and what you're going to do about them that will determine your

ultimate destiny.”

(Stephen Covey, 2004)

Page 8: Working Smarter, Not Harder

John Hattie’s Visible Learning (2009)

Page 9: Working Smarter, Not Harder

95% of all things we do have a positive achievement on education

When teachers claim they are having a positive effect on achievement or when a policy improves achievement, this is almost a trivial claim: virtually everything works

Teachers average an effect of between 0.20 and 0.40 per year on student achievement

Schools should be seeking greater than 0.40 for their achievement gains to be considered above average ... and greater than 0.60 to be considered outstanding

Almost Everything Works

Page 10: Working Smarter, Not Harder

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Effects on Achievement (Hattie, 2009)

Page 11: Working Smarter, Not Harder

At this school we provide a positive, caring, nurturing and stimulating environment inside and outside the classroom. Our children are encouraged to try new and different activities and to explore boundaries within safe limits. They have fun and enjoy working both independently and as part of a team.

We are open to the views and opinions of every member of our school community. We invite and value their ideas. We take time to listen and communicate with each other in a respectful and open manner. This creates a rich culture of quick, effective feedback. In this way everybody feels valued and we pull together to support each other. We recognise and praise each other’s achievements in an informal way.

The right to learn is respected allowing every child, including our special needs and gifted and talented children, to develop to their full potential. Every member of our learning community sets achievable goals and receives regular and positive feedback. We have high expectations for behaviour and have a behaviour management system that creates a calm environment where issues are dealt with fairly and consistently.

Primary School Vision

Page 12: Working Smarter, Not Harder

At RMGS we create critical, reflective and independent learners for life through a learning community which provides a secure and challenging environment.

 

We believe deep learning is facilitated through outstanding teaching and occurs when all learners are actively engaged in a variety of tasks, taking responsibility for their own learning and progress, collaborating and thinking with shared expectations of success.

 

At RMGS through innovative learning strategies and positive relationships our students enjoy learning and achieve their full potential.

Teaching and Learning Vision

Page 13: Working Smarter, Not Harder

What are the ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS that make our school outstanding? How can we best help and GUIDE our students in their learning? How can we CHALLENGE our students more, and encourage their parents to do the same? What ATTITUDES & SKILLS do we wish our students to possess by the time they leave our school? How can we best SHARE EXPERTISE and ideas with each other within and across the 3 areas? How can we make the most of our OPEN LANDSCAPE? What EVIDENCE should we gather to help us know how the students are progressing in every aspect of their learning? GREEN HAT THINKING – what could really make a difference to our school?

Page 14: Working Smarter, Not Harder

What should be happening in lessons when OUTSTANDING TEACHING is occurring? How should we COLLABORATE and COMMUNICATE with each other to ensure outstanding learning for all children? How can we make learning more relevant for ALL PUPILS? What would make our indoor/outdoor ENVIRONMENT the best possible place for students to grow physically, emotionally and intellectually? What could we do to enhance MOTIVATION and ENJOYMENT for all our students? What ASSESSMENT strategies best promote students’ growing abilities to assess their own progress and plan what to do next? What are the best ways to identify the BARRIERS TO LEARNING, especially for those with specific learning, social and personal needs? How can we continue to build on our ASSESSMENT procedures to ensure that all students make progress? What are the key skills, learning and teaching beliefs we each need as staff to ensure students leave us life-long INDEPENDENT LEARNERS?

Page 15: Working Smarter, Not Harder

L

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V

E

R

A

G

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Systems & Structures

Vision

Patterns of Behaviour

Events

Mental Models

Levels of Perspective (Daniel Kim)

Page 16: Working Smarter, Not Harder

Systems & Structures

Vision

Patterns of Behaviour

Events

Mental Models

Above the line: Leadership Below the line: Management

Leadership

Management

Page 17: Working Smarter, Not Harder

“Mental models are deeply ingrained assumptions, generalizations, or

even pictures or images that influence how we understand the

world and how we take action”

(Senge, 1990)

Mental models determine our actions

Page 18: Working Smarter, Not Harder

Philosophy for Children: a wonderful system & structure

Page 19: Working Smarter, Not Harder

P4C has a great reputation

“No programme  I am aware of is more likely to teach durable and transferable thinking skills than Philosophy for Children”

Robert Sternberg

President of the American Psychological Association

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• Children gained on average 6 standard points on a measure of cognitive abilities after 16 months of weekly P4C

• Pupils increased their level of participation in classroom discussion by half as much again following 6 months of weekly P4C

• Incidents of children supporting their views with reasons, doubled over a 6 month period

• Teachers doubled their use of open-ended questions over a 6 month period

• Pupils and teachers perceived significant gains in communication, confidence, concentration, participation and social behaviour following 6 months of P4C

P4C is very well researched

Page 21: Working Smarter, Not Harder

P4C is why I became a consultant

Filmed by Channel 4 in 1999. Video at: www.p4c.com/video-clips

Page 22: Working Smarter, Not Harder

But, P4C suits some MM’s and not others

Mental Models that suit P4C

Lessons should begin with pupils’ questions

MM’s that do NOT suit P4C

Lessons should begin with “curriculum” questions

Understanding should be drawn out of pupils

Knowledge has to be introduced to pupils

Unresolved problems often lead to enhanced learning

Problems need to be resolved

Process comes first Curriculum comes first

Page 23: Working Smarter, Not Harder

L

E

V

E

R

A

G

E

Systems & Structures

Vision

Patterns of Behaviour

Events

Mental Models

Levels of Perspective (Daniel Kim)

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Some MM’s are wrong!

Page 25: Working Smarter, Not Harder

“Progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds

cannot change anything.”

George Bernard Shaw (1856 – 1950)

Storming is Necessary for Learning

Page 26: Working Smarter, Not Harder

MM: we should praise children frequently

Clever girl!

Gifted musician

Brilliant mathematician

Bright boy

Top of the class!

By far the best

Page 27: Working Smarter, Not Harder

Mueller and Dweck, 1998

In six studies, 7th grade students were given a series of nonverbal IQ tests.

The effects of different types of praise

Page 28: Working Smarter, Not Harder

Intelligence praise

“Wow, that’s a really good score. You must be smart at this.”

Process praise

“Wow, that’s a really good score. You must have tried really hard.”

Control-group praise

“Wow, that’s a really good score.”

Mueller and Dweck, 1998

Page 29: Working Smarter, Not Harder

Trial 1 Trial 34.5

5

5.5

6

6.5

Effort Praise

Control Praise

Intelligence Praise

Number of problems solved on a 3rd test

Page 30: Working Smarter, Not Harder

Rewards, rewards, rewards

10/10

Page 31: Working Smarter, Not Harder

www.jamesnottingham.co.uk

[email protected]

www.challenginglearning.com

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