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www.dpi.nsw.gov.au

Winter crop varietysowing guide2013

Peter Matthews, Don McCaffery and Leigh Jenkins

N S W D P I M A N A G E M E N T G U I D E

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PACIFIC SEEDS WHEAT

PBR

EGA Gregory

PBR

Spitfire

LongReach

APH classication in NSW and Qld No. 1 grain package, large grain size with low screening, high grain yield Long coleoptiles for ease of establishment and early vigour Resistant to rust - Stem (R-MR), Leaf (MS) and Stripe (MR) based on Adult Plant

Resistance.

Tolerates (MT) Root Lesion Nematode (RLN) allowing higher yield potential. Replaces outclassed medium to quick maturity varieties Performs well under Crown Rot High protein accumulation.

NEW

Excellent yield potential in early to midseason sowings in Queensland, NSW and NorthernVictoria

Medium-slow maturityAustralian Prime Hard (APH) grain quality in Northern

New South Wales, Australian Hard (AH) grain qualityclassication in Central and Southern NSW

Good level of resistance to all current pathotypes ofStem, Leaf and Stripe Rusts

Some resistance to Septoria tritici

Highly resistant to Flag Smut.

Consistent high yields in main and later seasonsowings

Quick maturity, comparable with H45 and Ventura Australian Prime Hard (APH) classication in all

regions of New South Wales and Australian PremiumWhite (APW) in Victoria

Good multi-gene resistance to Stem, Leafand Stripe Rusts

Good Yellow leaf spot protection

Strong straw, with good lodging resistance.

PBR

ImpalaLongReach

A high yielding soft wheat (ASFT-Biscuit, in NSW) Quick to main season maturity suited to a main

season planting

Excellent Stripe rust resistanace package (MRrating to WA and WA Yr17+ pathotypes), a signicantimprovement over all current soft wheat varieties

Good Crown Rot rating for the north (MS-S)

Very good soft wheat grain package with excellenttest weight, low screenings and low proteinaccumulation.

pacifcseeds.com.au

NEW

A quick maturing variety, AH classication in NSW

with potential upgrade in 2013 to APH

Quicker than Crusader and well suited to late

plantings

Solid grain package with consistent high protein

accumulation

Solid Stripe rust resistance package (MR) based onAPR, very good resistance to Stem rusts (R-MR) and

Leaf rust (R-MR)

Low to mid tillering plant type that performs well in

tight or shorter seasons

Very good Yellow leaf spot protection rated (MR-MS)

GazelleLongReach PBR

DartLongReach PBR

A high yielding soft wheat (ASF - Biscuit) for NSW

Mid to long season maturity similar to QAL2000 and

Yenda

Ideally suited to early plantings and high production

systems

Sound stripe rust resistance with a MR-MS provisional

rating High quality soft wheat with a good grain package,

sound test weights, low screenings and low protein

accumulation

bmawheat030113

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Troughout this guide, varieties protected under PlantBreeders Rights (PBR) legislation are signified by thesymbol A.

Plant Breeders Rights are exclusive commercial rights toa registered variety. In relation to propagating material othe registered variety, the breeder has exclusive rights to:

(a) produce or reproduce the material;

(b) condition the material or the purpose opropagation (conditioning includes cleaning,coating, sorting, packaging and grading);

(c) offer the material or sale;

(d) sell the material;

(e) import the material;

() export the material; and

(g) stock the material or any o the purposes describedin (a) to ().

In most instances the breeder will licence these rights toa selected seed company (the licensee).

Exceptions to breeders rights are the rights o armers tosave seed or sowing uture commercial crops. Howeverharvested material derived rom arm saved seed will besubject to the End Point Royalty (EPR) applying to thatvariety.

Where EPRs apply, growers will be required to enterinto arrangements with the breeder or licensee wherebyroyalties are paid on delivery o the grain. Some varieties

may have a Seed Royalty (SR) paid on purchase o seedrather than an EPR.

Royalties collected are used to support ongoing researchand the breeding o new and improved varieties.

Plant Breeders Rights

Peter Matthews

echnical Specialist, Grain ServicesNSW Department o PrimaryIndustriesOrange, NSW 2800Phone: (02) 6391 3198

Don McCaffery

echnical Specialist,Oilseeds and PulsesNSW Department o PrimaryIndustriesOrange, NSW 2800Phone: (02) 6391 3648

Winter crop varietysowing guide 2013

N S W D P I M A N A G E M E N T G U I D E

Leigh Jenkins

District Agronomist, WarrenNSW Department o PrimaryIndustriesWarren, NSW 2824Phone: (02) 6883 7100

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2

State o New South Wales through Department orade and Investment, Regional Inrastructure andServices 2013.

You may copy, distribute, display, download andotherwise reely deal with this publication or anypurpose, provided that you attribute the Departmento rade and Investment, Regional Inrastructure

and Services as the owner. However, you must obtainpermission i you wish to charge others or accessto the publication (other than at cost); include thepublication in advertising or a product or sale;modiy the publication; or republish the publicationon a website. You may reely link to the publication ona departmental website.

ISSN 1328-9535

Published by the NSW Department o PrimaryIndustries, a part o the Department o rade andInvestment, Regional Inrastructure and Services.

Cover design by Belinda Gersbach, NSW DPI,Orange. Production by Barry Jensen, NSW DPI,Orange.

Disclaimerhe inormation contained in this publication isbased on knowledge and understanding at the time owriting (March 2013). However, because o advancesin knowledge, users are reminded o the need to ensurethat the inormation upon which they rely is up to dateand to check the currency o the inormation with theappropriate officer o the Department o rade and

Investment, Regional Inrastructure and Services or theusers independent adviser.

Te product trade names in this publication are suppliedon the understanding that no preerence betweenequivalent products is intended and that the inclusiono a product name does not imply endorsement by thedepartment over any equivalent product rom anothermanuacturer.

Recognising that some o the inormation in thisdocument is provided by third parties, the State oNew South Wales, the author and the publisher takeno responsibility or the accuracy, currency, reliability

and correctness o any inormation included in thedocument provided by third parties.

Always read the labelUsers o agricultural chemical products must alwaysread the label and any permit beore using the product,and strictly comply with the directions on the label andthe conditions o any permit. Users are not absolvedrom any compliance with the directions on the label orthe conditions o the permit by reason o any statementmade or omitted to be made in this publication.

AcknowledgmentsWe grateully acknowledge the Grains Research andDevelopment Corporation (GRDC) or the financialsupport o the many research, extension and industrybased projects rom which inormation has beengathered or this publication. Yield and disease data orthis publication is sourced rom the National Variety

esting (NV) program which is a GRDC initiative.

Wheat Quality Australia, GrainCorp, Grain radeAustralia and Barley Australia provide valuableassistance on the subjects o grain quality assessment,recieval standards and marketing.

Tis publication is a companion to Weed control in wintercropsandInsect and mite control in field crops, available romyour local NSW DPI office. Both publications are availableon the NSW DPI website at www.dpi.nsw.gov.au

Editorial and prooing assistance provided by LisaCastleman, NSW DPI, Lockhart.

Front cover, main photo: Chickpea crop, Moree district,Rebecca Byrne, NSW DPI District Agronomist, MoreeEast. Smaller photos, lef to right: Desi and Kabulichickpea seed, NSW DPI. Nodulated chickpea roots,Rebecca Byrne, NSW DPI District Agronomist, MoreeEast. Chickpea pods on plant ready to harvest, JanEdwards, ormerly NSW DPI District Agronomist,Cowra. Chickpeas being harvested, Myles Parker, NSWDPI, Manager, Broadacre Cropping Unit.

IntroductionTe complexities o modern technology, fluctuating

markets and the vagaries o weather all contribute tothe winter crop producers need or careul planning andmanagement to optimise production and profitability.

Proitable winter crop growing demands higherproduction per unit area at lower cost per unit oproduction. Tis can only be achieved by increasing grainyields through economic adoption o new or improvedtechnology. Te aim is not higher total production,but greater productivity rom the resources invested incrop production, along with total sustainability o thearm business.

Profit depends on choosing the most suitable varietyor each paddock and sowing time and matching thisto available markets. Tis guide helps to select themost suitable variety and contains updated technicalinormation rom the latest research, extension andindustry programs. It aims to assist growers to makebetter cropping decisions and higher profits. Consultyour local agronomist or arm adviser or more specificadvice.

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ContentsHighlights/Changes 2013 ...................................... 4

Wheat ...................................................................... 6

Silo Group North Varieties ............................... 9Silo Group South Varieties ...............................13Varietal characteristics and reaction

to diseases ...........................................................16Stripe Rust Ratings what do they mean? ........20APR what does it mean? ......................................20Industry Update Coleoptile length o

wheat varieties .................................................... 22Varietal characteristics .........................................24Disease and crop injury guide wheat ..............31

Handy hints ............................................................. 33

Durum wheat production ...................................... 34

Barley ....................................................................... 36

Varietal characteristics .........................................37Variety selection .................................................... 37

Sowing times .......................................................... 39Diseases ..................................................................42Variety characteristics and reaction

to diseases ...........................................................43Disease and crop injury guide barley ..............44Marketing ............................................................... 46

Oats .......................................................................... 47

Marketing ............................................................... 48Varieties .................................................................. 49Sowing times .......................................................... 49Hay varieties ..........................................................51Forage, silage or hay varieties .............................. 51Variety selection .................................................... 52Varietal characteristics .........................................52Disease guide oats .............................................. 54

Industry information .............................................. 57

Triticale .................................................................... 58

Variety selection .................................................... 58Marketing ............................................................... 60Varietal characteristics .........................................60Variety characteristics and reaction

to diseases ...........................................................60Growth stages o cereal crops .............................. 62

Cereal rye ................................................................ 63

Managing grazing cereals ......................................64

Marketing ............................................................... 64

Canola .................................................................... 67

Varietal characteristics ....................................... 72Comparative perormance in NV trials

early maturing ............................................... 75Comparative perormance in NV trials

mid maturing ................................................ 76Variety maturities ................................................ 79

Chickpea ................................................................ 80

Variety selection .................................................. 82Chickpea variety characteristics ........................ 84Chickpea variety ratings or the common

chickpea diseases in Australia ........................ 84Disease and crop injury guide chickpea ....... 87Marketing ............................................................. 90

Faba bean .............................................................. 92

Variety selection .................................................. 93Variety characteristics and reaction to diseases .. 93

Disease and crop injury guide aba bean ...... 96Marketing ............................................................. 98

Field pea ................................................................ 99

Variety selection ..................................................100Variety characteristics and reaction

to diseases .........................................................102Disease guide field pea ....................................105Marketing .............................................................107

Lupin ......................................................................108

Variety characteristics and reactionto diseases .........................................................109

Variety selection ..................................................110

Disease guide lupin ..........................................111Marketing .............................................................113

Grain insects options for control ...................... 114

Grower Update: New Instructions for

Dichlorvos Use ..................................................116

Cereal seed dressings 2013 ...............................118

Cereal insecticide seed dressings for aphid

andBarley yellow dwarf virus(BYDV)

control 2013 ......................................................119

Canola and pulse seed dressings 2013 ............ 120

Cereal foliar fungicides 2013 currently

registered products (NSW) winter cereals ... 122

Canola and pulse foliar fungicides 2013.......... 124

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Highlights/Changes 2013Cereal diseasesCrown rot: Crown rot was widespread through NSWin 2012, with a higher incidence in the central andnorthern regions. Te disease is being identified morerequently in southern NSW, so growers need to be

aware o the presence o crown rot in southern armingsystems and adjust arming rotations to lower the risk oyield losses. With the high inoculum loads being carriedby inected wheat stubbles rom 2012, growers need toconsider this when making both crop type and varietydecisions or 2013.

Wheat stripe rust: Stripe rust was again active acrossthe State last year, with seasonal conditions dictatingthe level o disease in regions. Te drier late August andSeptember slowed disease development in many regions,particularly in western areas. Growers need to remainproactive with stripe rust management plans or 2013,as many varieties can suffer yield loss rom this diseasewithout adequate ungicide applications or protection.

Wheat stem rust: Growers in the southern region shouldbe aware o the increased incidence o stem rust onsusceptible varieties in Victoria and South Australia.Only select varieties that have the best available stemrust resistance and adapted to your area. Avoid relyingon ungicides or the management o this disease.

Wheat leaf rust:With the presence o a new lea rustpathotype in South Australia, growers should be alertand i you see any unexpected development o lea rust

in a variety, speak to your local agronomist, collect andhave a sample sent away or identification.

Yellow leaf spot: Yellow lea spot was again an issue earlyin the season or many o the more susceptible varietiesin NSW. Te drier August and September conditionsslowed the disease, reducing potential lea loss later inspring. Growers are reminded that with the increasedpractice o sowing wheat into wheat stubbles, selectinga more tolerant variety where possible or budgeting orungicides through the season is advisable.

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV):Tere were only

isolated reports o WSMV in 2012. Growers in higherrisk situations should consider replacing early grazingwheat with oats, triticale or barley. A new wheat variety,Forrest, has the best field tolerance to WSMV o any othe currently grown wheat varieties. However growersneed to be mindul that Forrest is not suited to all areasand is a long-season spring wheat not a winter wheat.

Smuts in cereals: With the variable finish to the seasonlast year, growers should remain vigilant, whilst in manyregions conditions through late spring were drier thanaverage, there is still the risk o the carry over o smuts incereal seed. Growers should review their seed ungicide

programs or 2013 and ensure at least seed blocks orthe 2014 season have a protective ungicide applied.Both eed and malt barley have a Nil tolerance or smutcontaminated grain.

New varieties with limited dataavailableGrowers should consult either the owners or commercialpartners o these varieties or urther inormation.

Wheat classification

Te variety characteristics and reactions to diseasestable or wheat lists the maximum quality classificationo varieties or the northern, central and southern zonesat the time o publishing. Some newer varieties may nothave a final classification or all NSW regions pendingurther testing o quality samples.

Durum varieties may not have a quality classificationor all regions. In these regions they have a deaultclassification o Feed.

he central classiication zone eectively providesa buer zone between the traditional North andSouth silo groups. his central zone covers 17grain receival sites. Tese sites include Bogan Gate,Condobolin, Gobondery, Gunningbland, Kadungle,Kiacatoo, Mickibri, Parkes, Peak Hill, omingley West,ottenham, rundle, ullamore, Wyanga, Yarrabandi,Yeoval and Yethera. Growers should check or updatesrom their local delivery sites as this may be updatedprior to harvest.

Varietal Changes

New wheat varieties or the 2013 season included EmuRock, Grenade CL PLUS, LongReach Dart, LongReachGazelle, LongReach Merlin, LongReach Phantom,Shield and Suntop.

When considering a new variety growers shouldcompare the yield, grain quality and disease resistanceso the new variety with the currently grown varieties.

Barley. Tere are a number o new barley varieties,with limited inormation on their field perormance inNSW. Fathom is a new eed barley rom the Universityo Adelaide program that should be suited to the lowerto medium rainall regions o NSW. A number o newbarley varieties have received malt accreditation romBarley Australia. Tese include Grange, Henley, ScopeCL and Westminster. Grange, Henley and Westminsterare more suited to the medium to higher rainall regions

as they come rom European breeding programs. ScopeCL is tolerant to the imidazolinone herbicide Intervixand will be useul in the management o problem grassand broadlea weeds in cropping rotations. Scope CL isadapted to the same growing regions as Buloke.

Oats.One new milling oat, Dunnart was released bySARDI oat breeding program in spring 2012. Dunnarthas better adaptability to South Australia and Victoria,with improved resistance and tolerance to cereal cystnematode (CCN). Tere are no changes to dual-purposeoat varieties. Stem rust and crown rust were widespreadin 2012 affecting both yield and grain quality. A newpathotype o lea rust was detected in Queensland in2012, which has overcome the resistance gene in thevariety Drover. Growers are reminded i growing millingoats, to consider applying a ungicide to reduce theimpact o rust on grain yield and grain quality.

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riticale.One new triticale variety, Fusion was releasedby AG. It has shown good adaptability in NSW, yieldingabove most o the more commonly grown triticalevarieties in NV trials across NSW.

Canola. here are 17 new releases or 2013. wonew conventional winter types have been released; theopen-pollinated variety SF Brazzil and the hybrid SF

Sensation. Tere are no new conventional spring types.

Four new triazine tolerant () hybrids and two new varieties have been released. Te hybrids includeCB Atomic H, CB Nitro H, Hyola 559 andHyola 656. Te two open-pollinated varieties areMonola413 and CB Sturt . Te ollowing havebeen withdrawn; AR-Marlin, CB Scaddan, Hyola751, Monola 76, Monola 77, Monola 506,Monola 707 and awriffic .

Tree new CLEARFIELD hybrids have been released;Archer, Carbine and Pioneer 46Y85 (CL). Pioneer

46Y83 (CL) has been withdrawn.Four new Roundup Ready hybrid and two open-pollinated varieties have been released. Te hybrids areNuseed G 41, Nuseed G 50, Pioneer 43Y23 (RR)and Viterra V 525G. Te two open-pollinated RoundReady varieties are Monola 513G and CB StatusRR. Te ollowing have been withdrawn; G Cougar,G Mustang, G Scorpion, G aipan, Hyola 606RR,awriffic and Victory V5001RR.

Chickpea. One new chickpea variety will be launchedin 2013. PBA StrikerAhas been developed by PulseBreeding Australia or short season environments in

southern and western Australian chickpea growingregions. It has earlier flowering and maturity than PBASlasherA. Whilst PBA StrikerAis moderately resistantto Ascochyta, it is susceptible to phytophthora root rot(PRR), so is not recommended or northern NSW.

Growers are reminded to ollow the disease managementstrategies in this guide. In 2012 the dry winter/springseason did not avour Ascochyta; however complacencywith this disease is the biggest threat to 2013 chickpeacrops. Phytophthora root rot caused serious losses insome crops in 2012. Understand the PRR risk actorsand do not plant PBA BoundaryAin any paddock that

has a high PRR risk (i.e. prone to water logging, or witha history o medics).

Molecular marker work in 2012 showed more than halo the chickpea seed lots tested (rom the 2011 harvest)were a mixture o varieties. Make sure you know thegenetic purity o your 2013 planting seed, as this couldhave implications or disease management, particularlyi the seed lot is contaminated with less disease resistantvarieties.

Faba bean. here is one new aba bean varietyavailable in 2013. PBA WardaAwas released late 2012rom the northern node o the PBA aba bean breeding

program. PBA WardaA is higher yielding than Dozaand best adapted to the higher rainall zone in thenorthern region. It is similar to Doza or earliness, rosttolerance, chocolate spot and rust resistance, but has

better tolerance to Bean learoll virus. Its seed is moreuniorm and bigger than Doza making it suitable orthe human consumption market.

Te majority o the aba beans were again grown in thenorthwest o the state in 2012, where they perormedextremely well, primarily as a result o an early plantingtime (mid April) on a ull profile o soil moisture. Te

dry winter/spring and judicious ungicide use meant lowdisease pressure and good quality grain. New processingdemand in southern NSW will provide expandedopportunities or aba beans in 2013.

Field pea. PBA PearlAwas released by Pulse BreedingAustralia late 2012 at Wagga Wagga. Commercial seedis restricted but will be made more widely availablein 2014. PBA PearlAis a white flowered white seededsemi-leafless type with broad adaption and high yieldpotential across southern Australia. Its main eaturesare cream-coloured round seeds, high yield and wideadaptation. Its earliness and good pod set makes it

particularly well suited to drier regions.

PBA HaymanAis a new orage variety also developedby Pulse Breeding Australia and released in early 2013.PBA HaymanA is recommended or hay or silageproduction and or green or brown manuring. It haslower grain yields than other field pea varieties and isnot recommended or grain production.

Te 2012 season was generally avourable or field peagrowth and grain yield. In 2012 NSW was the secondhighest producing state in Australia, behind SouthAustralia. Crop growth and development in 2012

was largely dependant on a ull starting profile o soilmoisture as ollowing growing season rainall was wellbelow average. Combined with higher maximum springtemperatures, crops matured 23 weeks earlier, werelargely ree o disease and remained relatively erect.However, cooler minimum temperatures resulted inaround 50 rosts in the growing season, triggeringscattered bacterial blight in several field pea paddocks.

Lupin. No new narrow lea lupin varieties are availableor 2013. PBA GunyidiA was released in WesternAustralia as a replacement or MandelupA, which hasimproved tolerance to pod shattering. It is currently

not commercially available in NSW as it is perormingbelow MandelupAand JenabillupA.

Both narrow lea and albus lupin crops perormed wellacross NSW, with only limited incidence o lea androot diseases. Te NSW albus crop accounted or 55%o state production and growers need to seek advice onpotential albus grain pricing or 2013.

Albus lupin growers are advised that to maintainthe seed quality standards or sweet albus (low seedalkaloid) to get sowing seed tested or possible bitterseed contamination. Contaminated seed should notbe used or sowing and must be delivered as stockeed

or used or eed. Growers intending to seed increasethe albus varieties LuxorAor RosettaAshould not sownext to older varieties to avoid possible bitter seedcontamination.

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WheatCrop managementProfitable yields result rom good management, owhich variety choice is only a minor part. o reachtheir ull potential, varieties must be grown in a rotationthat minimises the risks rom diseases and weeds, and

maximises soil ertility and soil moisture storage.

Variety choiceVarieties are tested across NSW prior to inclusion inthe Winter crop variety sowing guide. However, varietalperormance varies rom year-to-year due to seasonalconditions and many other actors. Use varietiesyielding consistently well over several years that offerthe best combination o yield potential, grain qualityand disease resistance.

Sow at least two dierent varieties each year. hisspreads the risk o rost and disease damage. o ensure

high yields select varieties by considering: grain quality to attract premium payments

good disease resistance

maturity suited to sowing time

strong seedling vigour

resistance to lodging and shattering

tolerance to herbicides

tolerance to soil acidity

tolerance to pre-harvest sprouting

good threshing ability

tolerance to rost.

Varieties for each silo groupVarieties are considered according to their suitabilityor the two silo groups North and South. Te majorpurpose o this division is or the environmentalgrowing season differences, transport and marketingarrangements. Tis acilitates deliveries by quality grade,maximising grower returns.

o be included in the Winter crop variety sowingguide varieties must have a quality classification andideally two or more years o regional yield evaluation.Tere are three quality classification zones in NSW.Growers should check careully the maximum qualityclassification o each variety in their delivery zone.

Growers are encouraged to try new varieties or whichthere is limited yield and agronomic data available.Inormation on these varieties should be obtained romeither the owner or commercial partner.

Farmers can grow the varieties o their choice anddeliver them to selected clients. I a variety is to beaccepted into its classification grade, it must be takento a receival site where that grade is segregated. Certainquality standards must be met beore the variety will

be accepted.Segregation is a separate issue rom variety approvals.Varieties are commonly suited to a range o end useslike pan bread, steam bread or noodles, whereas others

have specific uses like biscuits or pasta, depending ontheir quality.

Sow on timeVarieties differ in the time they take rom sowing toflowering. Late sown (quicker maturing) varieties takeewer days to flower than early sown (late maturing)

varieties. Tis difference is more marked rom earlysowings (April) than rom late sowings (July).

Avoid sowings that result in crops flowering in latewinter. Frosts can cause damage resulting in reducedyield and can also affect grain quality. Some varietiessown too early will flower in late winter. Varietiessown too late have little chance o reaching their yieldpotential because flowering and grain filling occurunder hot, dry, stressul conditions.

Sowing time is a management compromise betweenhaving the crop flowering soon afer the last heavy rost,but early enough to allow adequate grain fill beore the

onset o moisture stress and heat in spring.Yield drops 47% with each week o delay in sowingafer the optimum time or a specific variety.

I varieties are sown within the optimum sowing period,they can produce their highest yields but the bestsowing date varies with topography and variety. Locally,sowing dates may need to be extended (earlier or later)depending upon local climatic conditions and soil types.

Sowing towards the earliest part o the recommendedsowing time usually results in higher yields.

Conservation tillage techniques (no-till, minimum till)

as well as the use o moisture seeking sowing tynes canenable varieties to be sown on time.

Frost damage is a major consideration and the riskcannot be eliminated entirely; thereore the potential orhigher yields rom earlier sowings needs to be balancedagainst the risk o rost damage at flowering. Tere aretwo ways o doing this:

Wheat Receival Sites by Silo Groupand by Classification Zones

Silo Group North

Northern Classification Zone

Central Classification Zone

Silo Group South

Southern Classification Zone

The dotted line representsthe proposed new boundarybetween Silo Group Northand Silo Group South

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Your calculation

1000 seed

weight

(grams)

............. xx 100

target plant

population

(/m2)

.............

establishment %

X germination %

......... x .........

Your seeding rate ...................... ................................kg/ha=

Example

1000 seed

weight (grams)

............. xx 100

target plant

population

(/m2)

.............

establishment %

X germination %

..................

Your seeding rate ...................... ................................kg/ha=

35 140 80 X 90

68

1. In areas where the risk o rost is high, sow later thanthe suggested optimum sowing period. As a rule othumb, three days difference at planting makes oneday difference at heading.

2. Change varieties. Use maturity differences to havethe crop lowering at a time when rost risk isacceptable.

Since rain or sowing is ofen erratic, varieties must bechosen careully to achieve this balance.

Seeding rates and plantpopulationsHigh yields rom a wide range o seeding rates arepossible because wheat compensates by changingthe number o tillers and the size o the head thenumber o grains per head in response to the prevailingenvironment, including weather, ertility and plantcompetition.

Aim to establish a target number o plants. o achievethis target population or the environment and theseasonal conditions, adjust sowing rates to compensateor:

sowing date higher with later sowings

seed germination

seed size

seedling vigour differences

seedbed conditions

conservation tillage techniques (no-till, minimum till)

double cropping

soil ertility

soil type

field losses see the ollowing explanation.

Field losses. Under normal conditions, expect to lose upto 20% o seed sown in addition to germination losses.Adjust seeding rates to suit sowing conditions.

Press wheels improve establishment under dry ormarginal moisture conditions.

Where herbicide resistance is suspected higher seedingrates may assist with competition against weeds.

Calculating sowing rates

Te ollowing ormula can be used to calculate sowingrates, taking into account: target plant density germination percentage (90% = 90 in the ormula) seed size establishment usually 80%, unless sowing into

adverse conditions (80% = 80 in the ormula).

Tip 1000 seed weight:

count out 200 seeds weigh to at least one decimal point o a gram multiply weight in grams by five.

An online seed rate calculator is available at theCropMate website at http://cropmate.agriculture.nsw.gov.au. Select your state and location and click enter.Once in the site select the sowing tab at the top o the pageand select Sowing rate calculator rom the list provided.

NutritionA balance o nutrients is essential or profitable yields.Fertiliser is commonly needed to add the essentialnutrients phosphorus and nitrogen. Te lack o otheressential plant nutrients may also limit production insome situations.

Knowing the nutrient demand o crops is essential indetermining nutrient requirements. Soil testing andnutrient audits assist in matching nutrient supply tocrop demand.

An online ertiliser cost comparison calculator isavailable at the CropMate website at http://cropmate.

agriculture.nsw.gov.au. Select your state and locationand click enter. Once in the site select the sowing tabat the top o the page and select Fertiliser calculatorrom the list provided.

RegionSowing rate

(kg/ha)

Plant establishment targets

Plants/m row

Plants/m218 cm rowspacing

25 cm rowspacing

30 cm rowspacing

36 cm rowspacing

North-West Plains 1535 818 1022 1226 3070

North-West Slopes 3555 1828 2234 2640 70110

Central (higher rainfall) 4060 1421 2030 2436 2842 80120

(lower rainfall) 2545 917 1222 1426 1834 5090

Southern (higher rainfall) 4565 1623 2332 2738 3248 90130

(lower rainfall) 2545 917 1222 1426 1834 5090

Irrigation 80110 2945 4060 4872 5890 150200

Cover crop pasture, dryland 1520 57 710 812 1014 3040

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Whe

at

Suggested sowing timesAim to sow grain-only crops in the earlier part of the optimum period. The actual date is influenced by location, soil fertility and the likelihood of frost at flowering in a par ticular paddock.Varieties are listed in preferred order of sowing within each sowing period.

Variety Weeks

March April May June July

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3

SLOPES

Brennan , Mackellar, Tennant > < > < < < < < < > < < Earlier than ideal, but acceptable. Optimum sowing time. < Later than ideal, but acceptable. Winter wheat.Petrel sown in late May for hay/chaff production. Can be sown earlier if grazed. Note: For durum suggested sowing times see Durum section, page 34.

Barley WheatNavigator Gauntlet

Semi dwarf variety with very stiff straw

Suited to medium-high rainfall areas

Good disease resistance profileincluding CCN, SFNB, NFNB, andstrong resistance to scald.Susceptible to leaf rust

Mid season flowering and maturitysimilar to Gairdner

Good resistance to lodging

Faba BeanPBA Warda

High yielding across faba beangrowing areas of northern NSWand southern Qld, especially in theabsence of moisture stress

Suggested as replacement of Dozaand Cairo

Moderately resistant/resistant to rust

High level of tolerance to bean leafroll virus

Similar flowering and maturity timeto Doza

Bigger and more uniform seed

than Doza

An adaptable high yielding variety

Mid-long season variety and is analternative to EGA Gregory

Suited to main season planting windows

Good early vigour with mediumlength coleoptiles

Has short to medium plant heightat maturity

Large grain size

Seed Varieties for 2013

www.viterra.com.auContact Jason Scott - National Wholesale Seeds Manager on 0458 009 804 or the Viterra Service Centre on 1800 018 205

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Whe

at

It all begins with seed

[email protected] www.hartbrosseeds.com.au

Phone: 02 6924 7206 Fax: 02 6924 7271

Coffin Rock Lane, Temora Rd Junee 2663Contact Aaron Giason 0437 247 203

or Rob Hart 0427 247 260

Insist on Hart Bros quality assured seed

Growing, cleaning, sales and distribution of all our major seed varieties

Trialing and research using best practice management on only the best varieties

Remember: Hart Bros Seeds Spring Field Day is 2nd Wednesday in October

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Main-season sown after 14 MayCompared with EGA_Gregory =100%

Variety EastEGA_Gregory= 3.70 t/ha

Trial Number WestEGA_Gregory= 3.00 t/ha

Trial Number

Axe 96 30 97 28

Barham 89 30 90 27

Bolac 96 30 98 20

CLF_Janz 89 18 91 19Corack 94 13 95 20

Correll 100 6 99 14

Crusader 89 30 86 27

Dart 90 19 95 20

Derrimut 95 6 95 5

EGA_Bounty 98 21 92 18

EGA_Gregory 100 30 100 27

Ellison 87 30 85 27

Elmore CL PLUS 96 13 97 15

Emu Rock 93 19 94 20

Espada 103 30 102 28

Estoc 100 19 99 17

Forrest 93 18 Gasgoigne 98 24 95 11

Gauntlet 95 24 96 24

Gazelle 98 18 107 13

Giles 89 14 87 4

Gladius 97 30 97 28

Grenade CL PLUS 90 13 92 15

Impala 104 24 107 23

Janz 89 27 90 27

Justica CL PLUS 96 19 96 20

Kord CL PLUS 96 13 97 12

Lincoln 102 30 100 28

Livingston 96 24 100 23

Merinda 96 30 98 27Merlin 94 24 98 24

Orion 96 30 96 23

Peake 91 24 92 20

Phantom 103 19 106 20

QAL2000 84 18 79 13

Scout 99 13 101 15

Sentinel3R 98 6 91 4

Shield 91 7 94 8

Spitfire 96 30 97 28

Sunguard 98 24 99 21

Suntop 105 19 110 19

Sunvale 93 30 93 27

Sunvex 92 27 92 20Ventura 94 30 93 27

Waagan 101 24 103 20

Wallup 97 19 100 20

Yenda 80 18 75 13

Yitpi 96 18 96 20

Feed wheats

EGA_Stampede 105 11 100 8

Winter wheat. Soft/biscuit wheat variety.

Silo Group South VarietiesYield performance experiments from 2008 to 2012.

Yield results are combined across sites analysis of NVT yield trials. The number of trialresults are listed. The more trials, the greater the reliability.

Early sown before 15 MayCompared with EGA_Wedgetail 100%

Variety East

EGA_Wedgetail= 3.60 t/ha

Trial

Number

West

EGA_Wedgetail= 3.09 t/ha

Trial

Number

Barham 108 6 112 4

Bolac 115 45 111 27

EGA_Bounty 107 33 105 27

EGA_Burke 93 6 105 4

EGA_Eaglehawk 104 36 100 19

EGA_Gregory 116 39 111 27

EGA_Wedgetail 100 45 100 27

EGA_Wills 101 12 103 8

Estoc 102 18 99 19

Forrest 115 18

Gauntlet 105 12 104 14

Gazelle 113 24 110 19

Rosella 92 24 92 13

Sentinel3R 116 45 112 27

Strzelecki 104 30 102 27

Sunvale 107 36 101 27

Sunvex 98 24 96 23

Sunzell 99 45 97 27

Yenda 83 18 63 9

Feed wheats

Beaufort 133 30 128 13

Mackellar 107 15

Mansfield 100 36

Naparoo 103 33 92 8

Preston 118 30

Rudd 106 15

SQP_Revenue 114 36

Tennant 108 21 123 5

Winter wheat. Soft/biscuit wheat variety.

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Whe

at

Suggested sowing timesAim to sow grain-only crops in the earlier part of the optimum period. The actual date is influenced by location, soil fertility and the likelihood of frost at flowering in a par ticular paddock.Varieties are listed in preferred order of sowing within each sowing period.

Variety Weeks

March April May June July

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3

SLOPES

Brennan , Mackellar, Tennant > < > < < < > < > > Earlier than ideal, but acceptable. Optimum sowing time. < Later than ideal, but acceptable. Winter wheat.

Petrel sown in late May for hay/chaff production. Can be sown earlier if grazed. Note: For durum suggested sowing times see Durum section, page 34.

Processing and marketing cereal and pulse seed forAEXCO, AGT Seeds, Intergrain, Pacific Seeds, Seednet and Waratah Seeds

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T: 03 5881 6689

F: 03 5881 3289

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Variet

alcharacteristicsandreactiontodiseases

Variety

Maximumq

ualityclassification

Resistancesandtolerances

Origin

Yearrelease

North

Central

South

Crownrot

Commonrootrot

Flagsmut

Leafrust

Stemrust

Striperust#

Septoriatriticiblotch

Yellowleafspot

RLN(P.thornei)resistance

RLN(P.thornei)tolerance

RLN(P.neglectus)

resistance

RLN(P.neglectus)tolerance

CCNresistance

Blackpoint

Sprouting

Lodging

Acidsoilstolerance

Jackiepathotype

WAYr1727

pathotype

Breadwheat

Axe

APW

APW

APW

S$

MS

S$

S$

MR

MRMS

RMR

R

MR

SVS

S

SVS

MI

S

VS

MII

S

MSS

SVS

MR

I

AGT

2007

Baxter

APH

APH

APH

MSN

M

SN

MR

R&MS

MSS

M

SS

S

S

S

MTMI

S

MII

MSN

S

MSS

MT

DAFFQld

1998

Bolac

APW*

APW*

APH

S$

M

S$

RMR$

MS

MR-MS

RMR

R

MR

S

S

MS(P)

MI(P)

VS

MII(P)

S

MRMS

S

MR

MI

Viterra

2006

Chara

AH*

APH

APH

S$

S$

MR$

MS

MRMS

MSS

M

SS

MS

MSS

MRMS

MI

VS

R

MS

S

MR

I

DPIVictoria

1998

CLF_Janz

APH

APH

AH*

S

MSS

R

MRMS

MR

MSS

M

SS

MRMS

MSS

SVS(P)

VS

S

S

S

MS

BASF/AgWA

2001

Corack

ASW*

ASW*

APW

S$

M

S$

S$

MS

MR

MS

MS

MSS

MR(P)

MR

MI

M

SS

MI(P)

RMR

MSS

MR

TMT

AGT

2011

Correll

APW*

APW*

AH

S$

M

S$

R$

MSS

MR

MRMS

M

RMS

MSS

SVS

VS(P)

I

S

VS

MI

MR

MRMS

SVS

MS

AGT

2007

Crusader

APH

APH

APH

SN

MR

MS

R

R

RMR

RMR

MS

S

MS

SVS

MII

VS

MII

MS

RMRN

S

MRMS

MT

LongReach

2007

Cunningham

APH

APH

APH

MS

M

S

R

MRMS

RMR

MS

MS

S

MS

VS

I

VS

I

MS

MSS

MSS

I

DAFFQld

1991

Dart

AH

AH

AH

MSS

MSS

MSS

RMR

MR

MR

MR

MS

MS

S

MI

S

VS

MII(P)

S

MRMS(P)

S

MRMS

MT

LongReach

2012

Derrimut

APW*

APW*

APW*

S$

S$

R$

R

MR

RMR

M

SS

MSS

S

S(P)

I

S

VS

MII

R

S

S

MRMS

Nugrain

2007

Diamondbird

AH

AH

AH

R

MR

MS

MS

MS

MRMS

MSS

MS

VS

MRMS

S

MS

TMT

NSWD

PIWagga

1997

Drysdale

APW*

AH

AH

R

MS

MR

MS

MS

MS

MS

MS

MT

VS

S

MS

TMT

Graingene/NSWD

PI

2001

EGA_

Bounty

AH

AH

AH

SN

SN

R

MR

MR

MR

MS

MS

MSS

MTMI

S

VS

MI

MSSN

S

MRMS

EGA

2008

EGA_

Burke

APH

AH*

AH*

SN

MS

SN

R

R

MR

MS

MS

MSS

MSS

MS

MT

VS

MI

RMRN

MSS

SVS

EGA

2006

EGA_

Eaglehawk

AH

AH

APH

MS

R

RMR

R

M

RMS

MS

MSS

MS

MT

S

VS

MI

MRMSN(

P)

S

MS

T

EGA

2008

EGA_

Gregory

APH

AH*

AH

SN

MR

MSN

MR

MR

MR

MR

MS

MSS

MSS

MT

VS

MI

S

MSN

S

MS

T

EGA

2004

EGA_

Hume

AH*

AH*

AH*

SN

MR

MSN

R

MR

MRMS

M

RMS

S

SVS

IVI

VS

MII

MSN

MSS

EGA

2002

EGA_

Kidman

AH*

AH*

AH*

MSSN

MR

MSN

R-MR

MR

MRMS

MRMS

SVS

MS

MI

VS

I

MSSN

S

MR

DAFFQld

2008

EGA_

Wedgetail

AH

AH

APH

MSS

MR

MS

MRMS

MS

MS

MSS

MSS

SVS(P)

I

VS

MII(P)

S

MR

TMT

EGA

2002

EGA_

Wentworth

AH

AH

AH

MSS

MR

MS

MR

RMR

MS

MS

MSS

SVS

I

VS

MII(P)

RMR

S

MS

EGA

2004

EGA_

Wills

AH

APW

APW

SN

MR

MSN

R

RMR

MRMS

MRMS

MS

S

MTMI

S

MI

MSN

S

MS

EGA

2007

EGA_

Wylie

AH

AH

AH

MRMSN

M

SN

R

R

MS

MS

SVS

MSS

S

MT

S

VS

MII

MRN

S

MS

EGA

2004

ElmoreCLPLUS

AH

AH

AH

S$

M

S$

SVS$

R-MR

MR

MRMS

M

RMS

MRMS

S

MRMS(P)

MII(P)

S

VS(P)

S

MSN

MRMS

I

AGT

2011

Ellison

APH

APH

APH

SVSN

SN

RMR

R

MR

R

MS

MSS

MRMS

S

IVI

S

MII

MSN

MR

I

UniSydney

2003

EmuRock

APW*

APW*

AH

MSS$

MS

S$

MS$

MSS

MRMS

MRMS

M

RMS

S

MS

S

IVI

S

MII(P)

S

MS

InterGrain

2011

Espada

ASW*

ASW*

AH

S$

MS

S$

MRMS$

R

MR

R

M

RMS

S

MS

S

VI

VS

MI(P)

MS

MSS

SVS

MRMS

MT

AGT

2007

Estoc

ASW*

ASW*

ASW*

S$

MRMS$

MRMS$

MRMS

MR

R-MR

M

RMS

S

MSS

VS

VI

VS

MI

MR

MRMS

MS

MR

AGT

2010

Forrest

ASW*

ASW*

ASW*

SVS$

M

S$

RMR$

MRMS

R

RMR

R

MR

MRMS

MRMS

VS

VI

VS

MI

S

MR

S

HRZWheat

2011

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APR what does it mean?Response to stripe rust is determined by the interaction o genes or resistance in a variety and genes or virulencein the pathogen population Te reaction o a wheat variety to stripe rust depends on two orms o resistance.1. Seedling genes, effective rom seedling emergence through to maturity, provided the matching virulencegene in the pathogen population is absent. 2. Adult plant resistance (APR) genes which become effective atvarious growth stages, ranging from the fourth leaf stage through to full head emergence. APR will alsobe effective provided that matching virulence is not present in the pathogen. Both seedling and APR genes,and combinations o both, provide varying levels o crop protection which may be influenced by environment(temperature, crop nutrition, management) and disease pressure. Growers need to be aware that varietieswhich predominantly rely on APR for stripe rust protection may be more susceptible to stripe rust infectionearlier in the season until the APR provides protection. Wheat varieties with APR may benefit from earlystripe rust control by fertiliser, seed or foliar fungicides. If unsure speak to your local agronomist.

Stripe Rust Ratings what do they mean?Te pictures below show the varying levels o adult plant reaction to stripe rust.

Resistant (R) indicates a high level of resistance; disease should not be normallyseen and grain yield should not be affected.

ResistantModerately Resistant (RMR) indicates a high level of resistance;very low levels of d isease may be seen and grain yield should not be reduced.

Moderately Resistant (MR) indicates low levels of disease may develop infavourable conditions, some yield loss may occur but fungicide control unlikely to beeconomic.

Moderately ResistantModerately S usceptible(MRMS) indicates low tomoderate levels of disease may develop in favourable conditions, some yieldloss may occur. Fungicides may be economic.

Moderately Susceptible (MS) indicates moderate levels of disease may developin favourable situations with moderate yield losses. Fungicide application likely to beeconomic.

Moderately SusceptibleSusceptible (MSS) indicates significant disease maydevelop in favourable situations with moderate yield losses. Fungicide application likelyto be economic.

Susceptible (S) indicates high levels of disease may occur with substantial yield

losses. Fungicide applications should be b udgeted and most likely economic to apply.

SusceptibleVery Susceptible (SVS) indicates high levels of disease may

occur with substantial yield losses. Disease may require close monitoring and proactivefungicide control.

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You are also stripping your soil of nutrients.

Whats left for next season?

Industry Update Coleoptile length of wheat varietiesColeoptile length o wheat varieties is an important characteristic when selecting a variety to sow into difficultseedbed conditions. Te coleoptile length will affect how deep you can sow a variety beore plant emergenceis affected. Coleoptile length has been ound to be influenced by several actors including variety, seed size,temperature, low soil water and certain seed ungicide dressings. Te ollowing tables are extracts rom the NSWDPI Factsheet: Coleoptile length of wheat varietieswritten by Jennier Pumpa, Peter Martin, Frank McRae andNeil Coombes. Te ull actsheet can be ound atwww.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/broadacre/winter-crops/winter-cereals/coleoptile-length

Coleoptile length and predicted mean coleoptile length of early sown wheat varietiesgrown at 3 sites in NSW during 2008.

VarietyTrial acronym

WEaA08BENE2 WEaA08GILG2 WEaA08OAKL2 Predicted meancoleoptile length (cm)

Barham 6.9 6.2 6.3 6.5

Beaufort 7.6 7.0 7.4 7.3

Bolac 5.8 5.3 5.0 5.4

EGA Bounty 6.4 6.0 6.1 6.2

EGA Burke 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.7

EGA Eaglehawk 6.5 5.5 5.4 5.8

EGA Gregory 6.0 5.6 5.6 5.8

EGA Wedgetail 5.9 5.3 4.9 5.4

EGA Wills 6.4 5.9 6.0 6.1

EGA Wylie 6.6 6.3 6.4 6.4

Ellison 6.4 6.0 6.0 6.1

Lincoln 5.9 5.8 5.9 5.9

Naparoo 6.1 5.8 5.8 5.9

Rosella 6.3 5.8 5.7 6.0

Sentinel 3R 6.2 5.7 5.9 5.9

Strzelecki 6.2 6.0 5.7 5.9

Sunbri 6.6 6.3 6.3 6.4

Sunvale 6.6 6.3 6.4 6.4

Sunzell 6.2 5.9 6.0 6.0

Whistler 5.4 5.2 4.9 5.2

Wylah 5.8 5.4 5.2 5.5

Mean 6.3 5.9 5.9 6.0

Standard Error 0.20 0.22 0.20

DF 68 57 72

Lsd (p=0.05) 0.57 0.48 0.62

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Soil test before you sow!Contact your nearest Incitec Pivot

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Understanding your soil nutrient status

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strategy for next season

Whe

at

Coleoptile length and predicted mean coleoptile length of main season sown wheatvarieties grown at 7 sites in Australia during 2007 and 2008.Variety Trial acronym

WMaA07GERO2

WMaA07WARI2

WMaA08BENE2

WMaA08CUND6

WMaA08GILG2

WMaA08OAKL2

WMaA08SPRS4

Predicted

mean

coleoptile

length (cm)

Axe 5.3 6.3 5.7 5.5 5.8 5.1 5.6 5.6Barham 6.4 7.8 6.8 6.5 6.8 6.0 6.5 6.7Baxter 6.2 7.7 6.5 6.3 6.6 5.9 6.3 6.5Bolac 5.0 6.1 5.4 5.2 5.5 4.8 5.3 5.3Chara 5.6 6.8 6.0 5.8 6.1 5.4 5.8 5.9Clearfield Jnz 5.4 6.9 5.7 5.5 5.9 5.2 5.6 5.7Correll 6.8 8.4 7.0 6.8 7.2 6.5 6.8 7.1Crusader 5.9 7.0 6.3 6.0 6.4 5.6 6.0 6.2Derrimut 5.1 6.7 5.5 5.3 5.6 4.8 5.4 5.5Diamondbird 5.8 7.2 6.0 5.9 6.2 5.5 5.9 6.1Drysdale 5.7 6.9 5.9 5.8 6.1 5.5 5.8 6.0EGA Burke 5.7 7.0 6.0 5.8 6.1 5.4 5.8 6.0EGA Eaglehawk 6.2 7.6 6.5 6.3 6.6 5.9 6.3 6.5EGA Gregory 5.6 6.8 5.9 5.7 6.1 5.4 5.8 5.9EGA Stampede 5.6 6.7 5.9 5.7 6.1 5.5 5.8 5.9

EGA Wentworth 5.8 7.2 6.1 5.9 6.3 5.6 6.0 6.1EGA Wills 6.1 7.4 6.4 6.2 6.5 5.9 6.2 6.4EGA Wylie 6.2 7.6 6.4 6.2 6.6 5.9 6.2 6.5Ellison 6.2 7.9 6.5 6.3 6.7 6.2 6.3 6.6Espada 5.8 7.6 6.1 5.9 6.3 5.4 6.0 6.2Gascoigne 5.7 7.0 6.0 5.8 6.1 5.4 5.8 6.0Giles 6.1 7.6 6.3 6.1 6.5 5.6 6.2 6.3Gladius 5.5 7.3 5.8 5.6 6.0 5.2 5.7 5.9H46 5.9 7.1 6.2 6.0 6.3 5.6 6.0 6.2Hartog 5.8 7.2 6.1 5.9 6.3 5.6 6.0 6.1Janz 6.3 7.7 6.6 6.3 6.7 5.7 6.3 6.5Lincoln 5.3 6.7 5.7 5.5 5.8 5.0 5.5 5.6Livingston 5.8 7.1 6.1 5.9 6.2 5.5 5.9 6.1Mace 5.9 7.3 6.2 6.0 6.4 5.7 6.0 6.2Merinda 5.7 7.0 6.0 5.8 6.2 5.7 5.9 6.1

Peake 5.8 7.3 6.1 5.9 6.2 5.6 5.9 6.1Sentinel 3R 5.8 7.2 6.1 5.9 6.3 5.7 6.0 6.1Strzelecki 5.9 7.4 6.2 6.0 6.4 5.6 6.0 6.2Sunco 6.0 7.4 6.3 6.1 6.4 5.7 6.1 6.3Sunstate 5.7 7.0 6.0 5.8 6.2 5.5 5.9 6.0Sunvale 6.3 7.7 6.6 6.4 6.8 5.9 6.4 6.6Sunvex 6.7 8.2 7.0 6.7 7.1 6.4 6.7 7.0Sunzell 5.7 7.0 6.0 5.8 6.1 5.4 5.8 6.0Ventura 5.8 7.4 6.1 5.9 6.2 5.5 5.9 6.1Waagan 5.9 7.3 6.1 6.0 6.3 5.6 6.0 6.2Yenda 6.2 7.7 6.4 6.2 6.6 5.9 6.2 6.5Yitpi 6.7 8.3 7.0 6.8 7.1 6.5 6.7 7.0Young 5.5 6.8 5.8 5.6 5.9 5.2 5.7 5.8Mean 5.9 7.4 6.2 6.0 6.4 5.7 6.1 6.1Standard Error 0.07 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.05

DF 64 65 80 80 44 80 70Lsd (p=0.05) 0.38 0.59 0.38 0.54 0.35 0.45 0.40

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24

Weed management in wintercropsHerbicide resistance in weeds is a problem that continuesto become more widespread through NSW, and thatgrowers should be alert to. It is the biggest threat tothe sustainability o cropping systems. However, this

problem can be managed by having good crop and pasturerotations, by rotating herbicide groups and by combiningboth chemical and non-chemical methods o weed control.(See the section Herbicide resistance management inNSW DPI guide Weed control in winter crops).

Variety selectionLocate your arm on the map or either silo group Northor South and check the classification o varieties or eachclassification zone.

Varietal characteristics

* NB: Quality classifications are preliminary and subjectto final review.

Aim to spread the overall risk by planning to sow at leastone variety at each sowing opportunity. Tis dependsupon suitable sowing rains. See the tables Varietycharacteristics and reaction to diseasesor urther details.

Reer to the chapter on Durum wheat production(page34) or notes on durum varieties.

Herbicide olerance.Reer to NSW DPI guide Weedcontrol in winter crops.

Axe.A Australian Premium White classification in NSW.

Very early maturity, similar to slightly earlier than H45.Moderately resistantmoderately susceptible to stemrust, resistantmoderately resistant to stripe rust andmoderately resistant to lea rust. Susceptible to yellow leaspot and cereal cyst nematode. Axe is not boron tolerant.Moderately susceptiblesusceptible to black point.Produces very large grain with low screenings. AG.

Barham.A Awnless. Biscuit wheat. Australian sotquality in SNSW. Improved rust resistance, grainyield and quality over Bowie. Mid season maturity,similar to Bowie. Moderately resistant to stem rust,moderately resistantmoderately susceptible to lea rust.

Moderately susceptiblesusceptible to stripe rust andyellow lea spot. Susceptible to Septoriatriticiblotch.Moderately resistantmoderately susceptible to rootlesion nematodes (P. neglectus). Moderately susceptibleto cereal cyst nematode and black point. Viterra.

Baxter.A Prime Hard quality. Combines hightolerance to root lesion nematodes (P. thornei) andpartial resistance to crown rot. Maturity similar toCunningham. Moderately susceptiblesusceptible tostripe rust, susceptible to yellow lea spot. High proteinachiever. Heritage Seeds.

Bolac.A Prime Hard quality in SNSW, Australian

Premium White in CNSW and NNSW. Later maturingthan Chara. Adapted to mildy acidic, neutral andalkaline soils. Moderately resistantmoderatelysusceptible to stem rust, resistantmoderately resistant

to stripe rust and black point and moderately susceptibleto lea rust. Susceptible to yellow lea spot. Small grainsize. Viterra.

Bowie. Awnless. Biscuit wheat. Australian Sof quality.Moderately resistantmoderately susceptible tocereal cyst nematode. Susceptible to stripe and stemrust, moderately susceptible to lea rust. Moderately

susceptible to Septoriatriticiblotch.Correll.AAustralian Hard quality in SNSW. A Yitpiderivative with improved stem rust resistance, blackpoint tolerance and Septoriatriticiblotch resistance. Midseason, similar maturity and adaptation to Yitpi withhigh levels o boron tolerance. Moderately resistantmoderately susceptible to stripe rust, moderatelysusceptiblesusceptible to lea rust, moderately resistantto stem rust. Moderately resistant to cereal cyst nematodeand susceptiblevery susceptible to yellow lea spot.Moderately resistantmoderately susceptible to blackpoint. Produces lower test weights than Yitpi. AG.

Derrimut.A Australian Premium White quality.Medium to early maturity, medium to short in height.Resistant to lea rust, moderately resistant to stemrust, moderately susceptiblesusceptible to striperust. Susceptible to yellow lea spot and moderatelysusceptiblesusceptible to Septoria tritici blotch,susceptible to black point. cereal cyst nematoderesistant. Area o adaptation SNSW. Nuseed.

EGA_Bounty.AAustralian Hard quality. Suitable orearly to mid season sowings. Moderately resistant tostem and stripe rust, resistant to lea rust. Moderately

susceptible to yellow lea spot. Susceptible to crown rotand common root rot. Moderately tolerantmoderatelyintolerant to root lesion nematodes (P. thornei).Moderately susceptiblesusceptible to black point.Nuseed.

EGA_Burke.APrime Hard quality in NNSW. AustralianHard in CNSW and SNSW. Suitable or early to midseason sowings. Medium to mediumslow maturity,similar to Giles. Moderately resistant to stem rust,moderately susceptible to stripe rust, resistant to learust. Susceptible to crown rot, moderately susceptiblesusceptible to common root rot and yellow lea spot.

Moderately tolerant and moderately susceptible to rootlesion nematodes (P. thornei). Resistantmoderatelyresistant to black point. Pacific Seeds.

EGA_Eaglehawk.A Prime Hard quality in SNSW,Australian Hard in CNSW and NNSW. Late maturingspring type, similar to Sunbrook. Resistantmoderatelyresistant to stem rust, resistant to lea rust, moderatelyresistantmoderately susceptible to stripe rust.Moderately susceptible to Septoria tritici blotch andflag smut. olerant to acid soils. Moderately tolerantto root lesion nematodes (P.thornei). Heritage Seeds.

EGA_Gregory.A Prime Hard quality in NNSW.

Australian Hard in CNSW and SNSW. Similar maturity,straw strength and height to Batavia and Strzelecki.Moderately resistant to lea, stem and stripe rust.Good tolerance to root lesion nematodes (P. thornei).

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WWW.DP I .NSW .GOV .AU

Working in partnershipwith industry

For information about these crop agronomy projects

please contact:

Southern Pulse AgronomyEric Armstrong, Wagga Wagga (02) 6938 1999

[email protected]

Luke Gaynor, Wagga Wagga (02) 6938 1999

[email protected]

Variety Specific Agronomy PackagesSouthern NSW Peter Martin, Wagga Wagga

(02) 6938 1999

[email protected]

Northern NSW Matt Gardner, Tamworth

(02) 6763 1100

[email protected]

Southern Barley AgronomyRick Graham, Condobolin,

(02) 6895 1025

[email protected]

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Moderately susceptiblesusceptible to yellow lea spot,susceptible to crown rot and moderately resistantmoderately susceptible to common root rot. Pacific Seeds.

EGA_Hume.AAustralian Hard quality. Mid season,maturity similar to Janz. Resistant to lea rust,moderately resistantmoderate susceptible to striperust. Moderately resistant to stem rust. Very intoleranto root lesion nematodes (P. thornei), susceptibleto yellow lea spot, susceptible to crown rot andmoderately susceptible to black point. Moderatelyresistantmoderately susceptible to common root rot.Seednet.

EGA_Kidman.AAustralian Hard quality in NSW. Amarket specific sponge and dough variety. Moderatelysusceptiblesusceptible to crown rot. Moderatelyresistantmoderately susceptible to stripe rust.Austgrains International.

EGA_Wedgetail.A

Winter wheat see note page 30.Prime Hard quality in SNSW, Australian Hard qualityCNSW and NNSW. Acid soils-tolerant, early sowingvariety. Large grain size. Similar maturity and heightto Rosella. Adapted to higher rainall regions in SNSWand CNSW and the eastern part o the NNSW wheatbelt. Moderately resistantmoderately susceptible tostem rust and moderately susceptible to stripe and learust. Moderately susceptiblesusceptible to Septoriatriticiblotch, crown rot and yellow lea spot. Seednet.

EGA_Wills.A Australian Hard quality in NNSW,Australian Premium White classification or CNSWand SNSW. Early to mid season variety. Resistantmoderately resistant to stem rust, resistant to learust and moderately resistantmoderately susceptibleto stripe rust and common root rot. Susceptible tocrown rot, moderately susceptible to yellow lea spot.Moderately tolerantmoderately intolerant to rootlesion nematodes (P. thornei). Moderately susceptibleto black point. Good resistance to shattering, good strawstrength. Pacific Seeds.

EGA_Wylie.A Australian Hard quality. Suited toNNSW. A sister line to Baxter with improved disease

and lodging resistance. Medium maturity, slightlylonger maturity than Baxter. Resistant to lea and stemrust, moderately susceptible to stripe rust. Moderatelytolerant to root lesion nematodes (P. thornei).Moderately resistantmoderately susceptible to crownrot, moderately susceptible to common root rot.Moderately susceptiblesusceptible to yellow lea spot.Good black point resistance. Pacific Seeds.

Ellison.A Prime Hard quality. Mid season maturity.Moderately resistant to stem rust, resistant to learust, moderately susceptible to stripe rust. Moderately

resistantmoderately susceptible to yellow leaspot. Susceptiblevery susceptible to crown rot andsusceptible to root lesion nematodes (P. thornei).Moderately resistant to sprouting. AG.

Espada.A Australian Hard quality in SNSW. Midseason variety with wide adaptation. Good seedlingvigour. Produces large grain with low screenings.Moderately resistantmoderately susceptible to striperust. Susceptible to Septoriatriticiblotch. Moderatelysusceptible to cereal cyst nematode and susceptibleto root lesion nematodes (P. neglectus). olerant o

boron. AG.Giles.A Prime Hard quality in NNSW and CNSW.Australian Hard quality in SNSW. Strong straw. Similarmaturity to Sunvale. Moderately susceptible to striperust, moderately intolerant to root lesion nematodes (P.thornei). Moderately susceptiblesusceptible to yellowlea spot and common root rot and susceptible to crownrot. Heritage Seeds.

Gladius.AAustralian Hard quality in SNSW, AustralianPremium White in CNSW and NNSW. Midquickseason maturity, similar to Diamondbird and Drysdale.Maintains high relative grain yields under droughtstress. Moderately resistantmoderately susceptible tostripe rust, moderately resistant to stem rust, moderatelysusceptible to lea rust and yellow lea spot, susceptibleto Septoria triticiblotch. Boron tolerant. Moderatelysusceptible to cereal cyst nematode and susceptible toroot lesion nematodes (P. neglectus). AG.

Janz.A Prime Hard quality. Widely adapted mainseason variety. Moderate seedling vigour. Mediumto strong straw with good lodging and shatteringresistance. Good milling quality. Susceptible to yellowlea spot, moderately susceptiblesusceptible to crown

rot, moderately susceptible to stripe rust, moderatelyresistantmoderately susceptible to lea rust.

Justica CL PLUS.A Australian Premium Whiteclassification in southern NSW. A mid maturing variety,possessing Clearfield Plus technology which providestolerance to label rates o Intervix herbicide. JusticaCL PLUS is most suited to the mid to high yieldingenvironments o southern NSW. Rated moderatelysusceptiblesusceptible to lea rust, moderately resistantto stem rust, moderately resistantmoderately susceptibleto stripe rust, susceptible to yellow lea spot andmoderately susceptible to cereal cyst nematode. AG.

Kord CL PLUS.A Australian Premium Whiteclassiication in southern NSW. An early to midmaturing variety with cereal cyst nematode resistanceand Clearield Plus technology which providestolerance to label rates o Intervix herbicide. KordCL PLUS perormance has been better at sites and inyears that have experienced terminal drought stress,rated moderately susceptible to lea rust, moderatelyresistant to stem rust, moderately resistantmoderatelysusceptible to stripe rust, moderately susceptiblesusceptible to yellow lea spot and moderately resistantto cereal cyst nematode. AG.

Livingston.AAustralian Hard quality. Early maturingvariety, later than H45 but earlier than Venturaand Sunstate. Resistant to lea rust, moderatelyresistantmoderately susceptible to stripe and stem

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at

rust. Moderately susceptible to yellow lea spot,and susceptible to crown rot. Moderately tolerantmoderately intolerant to root leasion nematodes(P. thornei), moderately resistantmoderatelysusceptible to black point. Intolerant o acid soils. AG.

LongReach Crusader.AAustralian Prime Hard quality.Quick maturity, similar to Ventura and H45. Strong

straw with good lodging resistance. Resistant to lea rust,resistantmoderately resistant to stem rust, moderatelysusceptible to stripe rust. Susceptible to crown rot.Moderately susceptible to yellow lea spot. Pacific Seeds.

LongReach Lincoln.AAustralian Hard quality. Mediummaturity, slightly earlier than Janz. Erect, strong andupright canopy. Well suited to SNSW. Moderatelyresistant to stem and lea rust, resistantmoderatelyresistant to stripe rust. Moderately resistantmoderatelysusceptible to yellow lea spot and black point. Verysusceptible to crown rot and pre-harvest sprouting.Pacific Seeds.

LongReach Gauntlet.A Australian Hard quality inNSW. Main season maturity, simila