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Winston Churchill

Loone VilumaaSupervisors: Marje Maasen, Tiia Pukk

Carl Robert Jakobson Gymnasium11c

2011

Who was Winston Churchill?

• The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

• Author of many books and magazine articles

• Laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature

• A husband and father of five children

Childhood

• Born in Oxfordshire, England in 1874• Father – Lord Randolph Churchill, the 7th Duke of

Marlborough• Mother – Jennie Jerome, the daughter of an

American millionaire• A younger brother- John Strange Spencer• Distant relationship with his parents• Close with his nanny, Mrs Everest

• Educated at St. George’s School in Berkshire, Brunswick School in Hove and Harrow School

• Rebellious by nature- did poorly at school

Military Service

• 1895–1900, 1902–1924 • Served in the British Army• Lieutenant-General• Observed/participated in fights in Cuba, India,

Sudan and South Africa• Received many awards• Wrote articles for newspapers

Marriage and Family Life

• Met his future wife, Clementine Hozier in 1904 at a ball

• 1908 – wedding• Five children: Diana,

Randolph, Sarah, Marigold and Mary

Children evacuating London during the Battle of Britain when Churchill's popularity waned

The Beginning of His Political Career

• Took his seat in parliament in 1901 • Started as a Conservative but soon joined the

Liberals• Campaigned for free trade• Helped negotiate the treaty that set up the

Irish Free State• Returned the country to the prewar gold

standard

Churchill’s Role in World War II

• Refused to make peace with Germany after France collapsed

• Numerous meetings with other wartime leaders • Gave free hands for the Soviet Union to occupy

the Baltic countries, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Romania

• Received huge praise once the war was over

Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin at the Yalta Conference, 1945

Churchill’s Political Action after World War II

• Prime Minister for 3 terms• Dealt with rebellion in Kenya and Malaya• Anglo-American relations• Argued for independence from European Cole and Steel Community

Churchill as an Artist

• Fought depression (the “Black Dog“) by painting

• Was taught by his artist friend, Paul Maze

• Made hundreds of paintings

• Many are shown in the studio at Chartwell

Churchill as a Writer

• Income came mainly from writing books• Wrote a lot for newspapers and magazines• Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953• Biggest work – “The Second World War“• Author of 43 books

Honours

• Knight of the Garter• Nobel Prize for Literature• The first honorary citizen of the USA• Fellow of the Royal Society• The Charlemagne Prize Laureate• Many, many others

Retirement and Death

• Many health problems• Ate, drank and smoked a lot• Seldom spoke in his last years• Died in 1965 at the age of 90 • Funeral at St. Paul’s Cathedral, dozens of world

leaders attended• Buried near Blenheim Palace

Churchill’s State funeral, 1965

References

• http://shrt.st/12or• http://shrt.st/12tn• http://shrt.st/12u2• http://shrt.st/12um• http://shrt.st/12vq• http://shrt.st/12vr• http://shrt.st/12vx• http://shrt.st/12vz

• http://shrt.st/1304• http://shrt.st/1305• http://shrt.st/1306