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Wildfire Information in Mexico National Wildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004
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Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

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Page 1: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

Wildfire Information in Mexico

National Wildfire Control Center

CENCIF

New Orleans, May 4-6 2004

Page 2: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

Mexico is a megadiverse country

Tropical rainforest before a fire, Los Chimalapas, Oaxaca

Page 3: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

Protection against wildfiresTropical rainforest after a fire, Los Chimalapas, Oaxaca

Page 4: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

IntroductionThe The CONAFORCONAFOR’’ss National Wildfire Control Center is National Wildfire Control Center is MexicoMexico’’s national wildfire information center.s national wildfire information center.

Receive phone calls from all the country regarding Receive phone calls from all the country regarding reports of wildfires and other emergencies.reports of wildfires and other emergencies.

Receive reports from the CONAFOR state offices. Receive reports from the CONAFOR state offices. Those reports include wildfire statistics, helicopter, Those reports include wildfire statistics, helicopter, resources use, program activities, incident resources use, program activities, incident management, etc.management, etc.

Produce wildfire information to be used as a tool for Produce wildfire information to be used as a tool for taking decisions at local levels.taking decisions at local levels.

No tracking system for smoke emissionsNo tracking system for smoke emissions

Page 5: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

Introduction

The information produced includes:The information produced includes:

Remote sensing reports.Remote sensing reports.Wildfire Weather information. Wildfire Weather information. Wildfire Risk reports.Wildfire Risk reports.Wildfire Season Status Weekly report.Wildfire Season Status Weekly report.Wildfire Daily Report.Wildfire Daily Report.Wildfire Aviation Use report.Wildfire Aviation Use report.Incidents Status report.Incidents Status report.Monthly Status of the National Activity Program.Monthly Status of the National Activity Program.

Page 6: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

Remote sensing reports

Uses the services from the National Weather Service and Uses the services from the National Weather Service and CONABIO (National Commission for the Biodiversity). CONABIO (National Commission for the Biodiversity). The report is based on hotspot maps and animated The report is based on hotspot maps and animated hotspot maps.hotspot maps.

The main objective of this report is to provide support for The main objective of this report is to provide support for wildfire detection effort.wildfire detection effort.

This report is distributed daily to the CONAFOR state This report is distributed daily to the CONAFOR state offices, highlighting those spots on important or offices, highlighting those spots on important or valuable areas.valuable areas.

http://www.conabio.gob.mx/conocimiento/puntos_calor/doctos/puntos_calor.html

Page 7: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

Detection of hotspot from CONABIODetection of hotspot from CONABIO

Page 8: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

Hotspot Detection from CONABIOHotspot Detection from CONABIO

Page 9: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

Hotspot maps from CONABIOHotspot maps from CONABIO

http://www.conabio.gob.mx/conocimiento/puntos_calor/doctos/puntos_calor.html

Page 10: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

Hotspot maps from MexicoHotspot maps from Mexico’’s National Weather Service & NOAAs National Weather Service & NOAA

http://www.firedetect.noaa.gov/website/Mexicofire/viewer.htm

Page 11: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

Wildfire Weather Information

National Weather Service, National National Weather Service, National Electricity Commission and other Electricity Commission and other weather information sources weather information sources provide the information for the provide the information for the wildfire report.wildfire report.

Analysis is made of the Analysis is made of the information provided to produce a information provided to produce a map of risk of wildfire weather map of risk of wildfire weather conditions.conditions.

This report is distributed daily to This report is distributed daily to the CONAFOR state offices.the CONAFOR state offices.

Page 12: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

Wildfire Risk Report

With the support of Northern Region of the Canadian With the support of Northern Region of the Canadian Forest Service, a set of 13 maps based on weather Forest Service, a set of 13 maps based on weather information, elevation and fuel data provides a more information, elevation and fuel data provides a more reliable wildfire risk report.reliable wildfire risk report.

The initial processing of these maps is done in The initial processing of these maps is done in Canada. This year an important part of this process Canada. This year an important part of this process started being made in Mexico. started being made in Mexico.

This information is distributed via a Canadian web site. This information is distributed via a Canadian web site. A Mexico website is projected for this year.A Mexico website is projected for this year.

Page 13: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

CanadianCanadian Wildland Wildland FireFire InformationInformation SystemSystem For MFor Mééxicoxico

http://fms.nofc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/mexico/index.html

Page 14: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

Small fuel moisture Duff moisture

Drought Index Spread Index

Page 15: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

Consumption Index Weather Risk Index

Rate of Spread Fireline Intensity

Page 16: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

Canadian Wildland Fire Information System For MCanadian Wildland Fire Information System For MééxicoxicoVegetation MapVegetation Map-->Fuel Map Based on Canada>Fuel Map Based on Canada’’s System(Under development)s System(Under development)

Approximate Mexican fuels according to the Canadian Forest Fire Behavior Prediction System

Estimated from vegetation typesCodigo = number used in the fuel types gridTipo = estimated Canadian fuel type equivalent:

C = coniferO = open (grass)M = mixedwoodD = deciduousNF = sin combustibles

Pc = percent curing (O, C7) or percent conifer (M)In grass (O), Pc less than 50% means no fire spread.In M, the higher the Pc, the greater the intensity because conifers are more flammable than deciduous

Carga = fuel loading (weight) in kg/m² for grass types onlyCarga affects fuel consumption and fire intensity, but not spread rate

CBH = crown base height (altima de baso de copa?) in metersCBH is a measure of how easily the fire burns into the crowns

Note that many of these values have no bearing on reality, but are set to emulate expected fire behavior.

Codigo Descripcion de codigo Tipo Pc Carga CBH1 Agricultura de Humedad O1 50 0.32 Agricultura de Riego O1 55 0.33 Agricultura de Temporal O1 60 0.34 Areas sin Vegetacion Aparente NF5 Bosque Bajo-Abierto C1 26 Bosque Cultivado C6 77 Bosque de Cedro C5 188 Bosque de Encino D19 Bosque de Encino-Pino M1 40 6

10 Bosque de Galeria D111 Bosque de Oyamel C2 312 Bosque de Pino C3 813 Bosque de Pino-Encino M1 60 614 Bosque de Tascate C7 75 040 Bosque Mesofilo de Montana C7 75 015 Cuerpos de Agua NF16 Chaparral C2 317 Erosion NF18 Manglar D119 Matorral Crasicaule O1 50 0.320 Matorral de Coniferas C4 421 Matorral Desertico O1 60 0.322 Matorral Espinoso C3 823 Matorral Rosetofilo O1 60 0.324 Matorral Sarcocaule O1 50 0.325 Matorral Submontano M1 50 626 Matorral Subtropical M1 25 627 Mezquital C7 1028 Palmar C6 729 Pastizal O1 55 0.330 Pradera de Alta Montana O1 50 0.331 Sabana O1 100 0.632 Salinas NF33 Selva Alta M3 75 634 Selva Baja M3 25 635 Selva Mediana M3 50 636 Vegetacion Acuatica NF37 Vegetacion de Galeria D138 Vegetacion gipsofila o halofila O1 60 0.339 Zona Urbana NF

Page 17: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

Wildfire Season Status, Weekly ReportWildfire information is retrieved Wildfire information is retrieved from the incident site, then sent from the incident site, then sent to the state offices. These to the state offices. These offices analyze the info and offices analyze the info and build a state report summarized build a state report summarized by week.by week.

The National Center The National Center concentrates the 32 state concentrates the 32 state reports and build a national reports and build a national report in a report in a spreadsdheetspreadsdheet(Excel). (Excel).

The report is distributed weekly The report is distributed weekly to authorities, CONAFOR state to authorities, CONAFOR state offices and other agencies.offices and other agencies.

Page 18: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

Weekly Wildfire Report

Page 19: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

Wildfire Daily report

Wildfire information is retrieved from the fire site, then Wildfire information is retrieved from the fire site, then sent to state offices. These offices analyze and sent to state offices. These offices analyze and summarize in a state report the fire occurrence.summarize in a state report the fire occurrence.

The National Center concentrates the 32 state reports The National Center concentrates the 32 state reports and build a national report. This report is made in a and build a national report. This report is made in a spreadsheet (Excel).spreadsheet (Excel).

This is a preliminary report that allows to know the This is a preliminary report that allows to know the status of daily wildfire occurrence.status of daily wildfire occurrence.

This report is distributed daily to authorities, CONAFOR This report is distributed daily to authorities, CONAFOR state offices and other agencies.state offices and other agencies.

Page 20: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

National Activities Program Monthly Status

The National Center retrieves the information regarding The National Center retrieves the information regarding activities from the national program, such prescribed activities from the national program, such prescribed burns, personnel hiring, resource availability, press burns, personnel hiring, resource availability, press conferences, training courses, etc.conferences, training courses, etc.

The National Center concentrates the 32 state reports The National Center concentrates the 32 state reports and build a national report. This report is made on and build a national report. This report is made on excel workbooks and macros. excel workbooks and macros.

This report is distributed monthly to authorities, This report is distributed monthly to authorities, CONAFOR state offices and other instances.CONAFOR state offices and other instances.

Page 21: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

Some issues that need development

With the development of new technologies, the With the development of new technologies, the needs of information become larger and more needs of information become larger and more specific. Integration of these new technologies, specific. Integration of these new technologies, such GIS, remote sensing, fire behavior such GIS, remote sensing, fire behavior programs, has become a need too.programs, has become a need too.

The way the information is retrieved and The way the information is retrieved and processed information at National Center is processed information at National Center is becoming obsolete and require a considerable becoming obsolete and require a considerable amount of training time for new staff.amount of training time for new staff.

Page 22: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

Some issues that need development

Electronic data base lacks at the national level Electronic data base lacks at the national level for wildfire in Mexico. for wildfire in Mexico.

There are individual efforts from some states in There are individual efforts from some states in Mexico, for their internal use. Mexico, for their internal use.

Some major efforts had been made by the Some major efforts had been made by the federal government, however incomplete, some federal government, however incomplete, some with mistakes, none have had valuable results.with mistakes, none have had valuable results.

Most of the problems come from the lack of a Most of the problems come from the lack of a department assigned to wildfire information department assigned to wildfire information software and application development.software and application development.

Page 23: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

Some issues that need development

The integration on a single system of all the The integration on a single system of all the reports at the National Center is the goal of the reports at the National Center is the goal of the Data Base development.Data Base development.

The use of the WEB for retrieving info from The use of the WEB for retrieving info from electronic forms and the use of remote electronic forms and the use of remote automated queries customized by user are automated queries customized by user are needed for this development effort.needed for this development effort.

Migrate the information from the old paper Migrate the information from the old paper records is as important as the development.records is as important as the development.

Success on these issues could facilitate the Success on these issues could facilitate the public access of information, and conducting public access of information, and conducting wildfire analysis on more reliable data.wildfire analysis on more reliable data.

Page 24: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

Need Support

Technical assistance and financial resources to:Technical assistance and financial resources to:Develop a National Data Base for Wildfires in Develop a National Data Base for Wildfires in Mexico. Mexico. To create a team to develop wildfire To create a team to develop wildfire information software and applications.information software and applications.Get computer equipment for specific use for Get computer equipment for specific use for wildfire information in each state.wildfire information in each state.Train Mexican technicians in the use of the Train Mexican technicians in the use of the wildfire information system.wildfire information system.

Page 25: Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire …...Wildfire Information in Mexico NationalWildfire Control Center CENCIF New Orleans, May 4-6 2004 Mexico is a megadiverse country

Conclusion

Data Available:Data Available:Fire occurrence from satellites. Fire occurrence from satellites. Fire occurrence from wildfire reports.Fire occurrence from wildfire reports.Summaries by year, month, week, and daySummaries by year, month, week, and dayFuels derived from satellite derived vegetation Fuels derived from satellite derived vegetation using the Canadian Wildland Fire Information using the Canadian Wildland Fire Information System.System.Fire characteristics mapped following the Fire characteristics mapped following the Canadian Wildland Fire Information System.Canadian Wildland Fire Information System.There is no a system to track emissions There is no a system to track emissions